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Outline
To investigate the effect and mechanism of Cynomorium songaricum flavonoids（CSF）on cognitive dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mice prone 8（SAMP8）.
Fifty 7-month-old male SAMP8 were randomly divided into control group，low，intermediate and high dose groups of CSF［25，50，100 mg/（kg·d）］，and donepezil group.The low，intermediate and high dose groups were given a corresponding dose of CSF to SAMP8 mice by continuous gavage for 20 days，while the donepezil group was given donepezil［0.71 mg/（kg·d）］to SAMP8 mice by gavage for 20 days.The spatial learning and memory performance was evaluate by the Morris water maze experiment after administration，and the morphology and count of hippocampal pyramidal cells was observed by Nissl staining.The apoptosis-related protein expression levels and the levels of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2（Nrf2），Kelch epichlorohydrin associated protein 1（Keap1）and quinone oxidoreductase-1（NQO1）in the hippocampus of each group were detected by Western blotting.The serum levels of malondialdehyde（MDA）content as well as glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）and superoxide dismutase（SOD）activities were measured by ELISA.
CSF significantly reduced the escape latency and path length，while increased the number of crossing platforms and the percentage of target quadrant time（P<0.05）.CSF improved the morphology and quantity of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 region.Western blot results showed that compared with the control group，the protein expression levels of Nrf2，Keap1 and NQO1 in the hippocampus of the intermediate dose group，high dose group and donepezil group all significantly increased（P<0.05），the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression in the hippocampus of all administration groups of CSF and donepezil group increased substantially（P<0.05），and the expressions of Caspase-3 protein in the hippocampus of the intermediate dose group，high dose group and donepezil group all decreased significantly（P<0.05）.Compared with the control group，CSF significantly increased the serum activities of SOD and GSH-Px in SAMP8 mice（P<0.05），while remarkedly decreased the content of MDA（P<0.05）.
CSF can significantly improve spatial learning and memory impairment in Alzheimer＇s disease，and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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