Primary immune thrombocytopenia（ITP）is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal immune function. It is categorized as“purpura”or“blood syndrome”in traditional Chinese medicine. According to the etiology and pathogenesis of ITP，the effective treatments for ITP have been explored from the analysis of benefiting Qi，nourishing blood and eliminating blood stasis to provide new ideas for the treatment of immune diseases. In this paper，it explored the effect of Th17/Treg cell balance on the development of ITPin children，which involved dysregulation of immune cell balance，especially the abnormal function of Th17 and Treg cells. Th17 cells are usually associated with pro-inflammatory responses，while Treg cells have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions to maintain autoimmune tolerance.TCM not only improves blood circulation through nourishing blood and dredging collateral method，but also may restore the balance of Th17/Treg cells by regulating the cytokine environment，promoting Treg cell function and inhibiting Th17 cell activity. The clinical treatment of ITP in children with TCM comprehensively regulates the internal environment and controls the development of the disease by integrating the methods of benefiting Qi，nourishing blood and resolving blood stasis and dredging collaterals，emphasizing symptomatic treatment and examining the syndrome to find the cause，especially in the case of mixed of deficiency and excess，which need to be treated in a balanced manner. This article summarized the treatment of ITPin children and Th17/Treg cell balance with the TCM method of nourishing blood and dredging collaterals，and analyzed the effects of TCM method of nourishing blood and dredging collaterals on ITP in children and Th17/Treg cell balance from the perspectives of Th17/Treg cell and ITPin children，nourishing blood and dredging collaterals in ITP in children，and nourishing blood and dredging collaterals in ITP in children and Th17/Treg cell balance. At the same time，it summarized the relevant progress of TCM intervention therapy and provided new ideas for the analysis of the complex mechanism of TCM therapeutic intervention in ITP in children.