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The study investigated the molecular mechanism of“ascending the clear and descending the turbid”effect of Ganlu Xiaodu Micropill（甘露消毒丹，GXM）on retinoicacid-inducible gene 1（RIG-1）/mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein（MAVS）/nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）pathway in influenza virus（IV）-infected mice.
Ninety-six SPF-grade BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal，model，GXM and Oseltamivir groups. Except for the mice in the normal group，the IV infection mode in the other groups was set up and sampled on day 7 of modelling after the mouse abscission experiment.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissues. The pathological changes in organelles of mouse lung tissue cells were observed under electron microscope. The mRNA expressions of nuclear factor kappa-B p65（NFκB p65），MAVS，RIG-1 and lactate dehydrogenase A（LDHA）were detected in mouse lung tissues by qPCR method. Western blot method was used to determine the protein contents of MAVS，NF-κB and RIG-1 in mouse lung tissues and serum levels of interleukin 6（IL-6），LDH，Interferon-β（IFN-β）and interleukin-10（IL-10）were detected in mouse serum by ELISA method.
Compared with those in the normal group，after IV infection，the alveolar structure of mice was severely damaged，with the presence of a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration and capillary dilatation；the ultrastructure of lung tissue was damaged，the alveolar structure was broken，the number of organelles was reduced，and part of the outer membrane and cristae of mitochondria were reduced or disappeared；the total distance and the average speed of walking of mice in all the other groups were significantly reduced（P<0.05）. The pulmonary tissue of mice had a significant decrease in the expressions of RIG-1，NF-κB p65，MAVS，LDHA mRNA and protein in the lung tissues of mice were significantly elevated；the serum levels of IL-6，IFN-βand LDH in mice were elevated，and the serum IL-10 level was decreased（P<0.05）. Compared with those in the model group，the total distance and the average speed of walking were significantly increased in the GXM group，the average speed of walking was significantly higher in the Oseltamivir group，and the average speed of mice in the Oseltamivir group was significantly lower than that in the GXM group（P<0.05）. The expressions of RIG-1，NF-κB p65，MAVS，LDHA mRNA and protein were reduced，the serum levels of IL-6，IFN-βand LDH were reduced，and the serum levels of IL-10 were increased（P<0.05），and the trends of changes were consistent between the two treatment groups after administration of the drug，in which the expression of RIG-I mRNA in lung tissues of the GXM group was decreased significantly，and the improvement of serum levels of IL-6 and IFN-βin mice of the Oseltamivir group was obvious（P<0.05）.
GXM regulates the expressions of inflammatory factors and regulates energy metabolism in IV infection，possibly through the RIG-I/MAVS/NF-κB pathway，which regulates the“ascending the clear and descending the turbid”effects of IV infection.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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