Full
Outline
To explore the effect of total ginsenoside（TG）on HepG2 cell proliferation and apoptosis via inhibiting M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.
Cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate（PMA）treatment.After in-vitro identification and culture，M0 macrophages were interfered with TG.Its cytotoxicity on M0 macrophages and its effect on phenotypes of macrophages and M2 polarization were tested and verified.M0 macrophages were assigned to either TG treatment（study group）or no treatment（control group）.Then the expression of CD163，a marker of M2 macrophages，and related factors was measured，and the changes in the proliferation，migration and invasion ability of HCC cells after TG treatment were observed.
Flow cytometry assay revealed that the TG treatment could induce a reduction of apoptosis rate of M0 cells in a dose-dependent manner and the apoptosis rate dropped to less than 50% at a TG concentration of 73.17μM.The expression of CD163 was remarkably lower in the study group than that in the control group.The expression levels of M2 macrophage-related genes were notably lower in the study group than those in the control group（P<0.05）.CCK-8 assay suggested that M2 macrophages significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in the study group compared with those in the control group（P<0.05）.Transwell chamber assay showed that co-culture of macrophages and HepG2 cell significantly enhanced the inhibitory ability of M2 macrophages on the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells（P<0.05）.
TG inhibits the phenotypic polarization of macrophage from M1 to M2 and the inhibition also occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment.Therefore，it is hypothesized that TG can inhibit the proliferation，migration and invasion of HepG2 cells by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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