Sini Decoction（四逆汤）is a classical prescriptions derived from the Treatiseon Typhoid Fever，which consists Fuzi（Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata），Ganjiang（Zingiberis Rhizoma）and Zhigancao（Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle）. It is mainly used for treating Yang deficiency and cold syndrome of Taiyin and Shaoyin. Modern experimental research has proved that the main chemical components of Sini Decoction are aconitine，curcumin，triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids，which have the effects of anti-improvement of cardiac function，anti-oxidative stress，anti-myocardial fibrosis，improvement of haemodynamics，anti-atherosclerosis，increasing the immune response，inhibiting the tumour growth，protecting the renal function and so on. Sini Decoction has precise efficacy and wide application，and is mainly used in cardiovascular system，respiratory system，digestive system，endocrine system，acute and critical illnesses and tumours and other diseases. In this paper，it reviewed the current research status of Sini Decoction through three aspects of chemical composition，pharmacological effect and clinical application，in order to provide reference value for the research and development of Sini Decoction and more ancient classical prescriptions as well as their clinical application.