OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the ethnic medicinal plant Illigera celebica and their cytotoxic activities. METHODS The ethyl acetate extracts of I. celebica were isolate and purified by silica gel, Rp-18, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographies and preparative HPLC method. The chemical structures of the isolates were illustrated by comparison their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data with those reported. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT method. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as actinodaphnine (1), norisoboldine (2), atheroline (3), pityriacitrin (4), 3, 3', 4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid (5), (+)-syringaresinol (6), (+)-pinoresinol (7), cleomiscosin A (8), stigmasta-4, 6, 8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one (9), liquiritigenin (10), scopoletin (11), isofraxidin (12), physcion (13) and chrysophamol (14). The tested compounds showed no significant cytotoxic activity against the MGC-803, T-47D and T-24 cell lines. CONCLUSION All the isolates are obtained from this medicinal plant for the first time, and compounds 11-13 are obtained from Illigera genus for the first time.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the intervention effect of prescription pre-review and Six Sigma management model on the qualified rate of outpatient prescriptions to improve the quality of pharmaceutical care and ensure the safety, rationality, and effectiveness of medication in patients. METHODS The qualified rates of outpatient prescriptions in Beijing Hospital from April 2020 to March 2024 were collected. The multi-stage model of interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was used to analyze the changes in the qualified rate of outpatient prescriptions in three stages: before and after the pre-review system was implemented in the whole department, as well as the implementation of Six Sigma management method based on the pre-review. RESULTS The ITSA showed that the qualified rate of outpatient prescriptions in our hospital was stable around 86.56% before the pre-review was carried out in all departments. After the implementation of pre-review, the qualified rate of prescriptions in that month increased by 9.81%. In November 2021, after the implementation of define measure analyze improve control (DMAIC) management based on prescription pre-review, the qualified rate of prescriptions in the month increased to 98.07%, reaching the target value, and the qualified rate of prescriptions continued to increase with a monthly trend of 0.05%. CONCLUSION The implementation of prescription pre-review and Six Sigma management is conducive to the formation of a closed-loop management model of pre-review, in-process intervention, post-comment, result publicity, and timely communication and feedback, which significantly improves the level of rational drug use in the outpatient department, better standardizes the prescribing behavior of doctors, promotes the communication and cooperation between pharmacists and physicians, and ensures the medication safety of drug use for patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of stachydrine (STA) on hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis model. METHODS H9C2 cardiomyocytes were separated into control group (Control group), model group (H/R group), H/R+low concentration STA group (H/R+STA-L group, 5 μmol·L^-1), H/R+medium concentration STA group (H/R+STA-M group, 10 μmol·L^-1), H/R+high concentration STA group (H/R+STA-H group, 20 μmol·L^-1), H/R+high concentration STA (20 μmol·L^-1)+HIF-1α activator group [H/R+STA-H+dimethyloxaloglycine(DMOG) group, 20 μmol·L^-1 STA+10 μmol·L^-1 DMOG]. H9C2 cell viability was tested by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. H9C2 cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and LDH in cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, Caspase-1, HIF-1α, and NLRP3 were quantified using Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the cell survival rate of the H/R group decreased (P<0.05), the positive expression rate of Caspase-1, levels of IL-1β, IL-18, LDH, and protein expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, HIF-1α, and NLRP3 increased (P<0.05). Compared with the H/R group, the cell survival rates of the H/R+STA-L group, H/R+STA-M group and H/R+STA-H group increased, the positive expression rate of Caspase-1, levels of IL-1β, IL-18, LDH, and protein expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, HIF-1α, and NLRP3 reduced (P<0.05). Compared with the H/R+STA-H group, the cell survival rate of the H/R+STA-H+DMOG group obviously reduced (P<0.05), the positive expression rate of Caspase-1, levels of IL-1β, IL-18, LDH, and protein expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, HIF-1α, and NLRP3 obviously increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION STA can inhibit H/R induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the HIF-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To thoroughly interpret the newly introduced requirements set forth in the 2024 edition of the “Emergency Response Plan Management Measures” for the management of drug safety emergency plans. Furthermore, to delve into the methods for constructing a robust and comprehensive drug safety emergency management system tailored to the current circumstances, ultimately enhancing our emergency management capabilities. METHODS A detailed analysis of the new edition of the “Measures” was conducted. Based on this analysis, several key strategies were proposed. Firstly, the strengthening of the risk assessment system was emphasized, advocating for a more precise and forward-looking approach to identifying potential risks of the drug. Secondly, cross-regional collaboration was highlighted as essential for efficient resource allocation were swift response during emergencies. This involved breaking down barriers between regions and fostering seamless cooperation among different stakeholders. Thirdly, the standardization and dynamic refinement of plan formulation and implementation were emphasized. This ensured that emergency plans remained relevant and effective in the face of evolving challenges. Lastly, the development of an intelligent emergency response plan management platform was proposed, leveraging modern information technology to streamline processes, enhance data analysis, and improve overall efficiency. RESULTS The anticipated outcomes of implementing these strategies were multifaceted. The risk assessment system would be significantly enhanced, providing a more accurate picture of potential threats and enabling proactive measures to be taken. Cross-regional collaboration would lead to the establishment of efficient linkages, ensuring that resources could be quickly mobilized where they were needed most. The standardization and dynamic refinement of plans would guarantee that they were not only well-structured but also adaptable to new situations. Moreover, the introduction of an intelligent management platform would revolutionize the way emergency plans were managed, making the entire process more efficient, transparent, and data-driven. CONCLUSION The implementation of the 2024 edition of the “Emergency Response Plan Management Measures” represents a significant step forward in the field of drug safety emergency management. By adopting the proposed strategies, we can expect to witness a paradigm shift in the way these emergencies are handled. The resulting innovations and improvements will undoubtedly bolster our response capabilities, minimize the impact of drug safety incidents, and ultimately safeguard the public's well-being.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) regulates oxidative stress in rats with rheumatoid arthritis based on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathway. METHODS Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups [normal group, model group, tripterygium glycosides tablets group(9.45 mg·kg^-1), DBD low dose (3.75 g·kg^-1), medium dose(7.5 g·kg^-1) and high dose group(15 g·kg^-1)]. In addition to the normal group, the other groups were constructed collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model, and given the corresponding drug treatment for 28 days. During the period, the body weight of the rats, the degree of ankle swelling, and the arthritis score were recorded regularly. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum of rats were determined by ELISA. The spleen index and thymus index were calculated. HE staining and safranin O-fast green staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of synovial membrane of knee joint in rats. The expression of PI3K, AKT, Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA in synovial tissue was determined by qPCR. The expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in synovial tissue was determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the body weight of the rats in the model group was lower (P<0.05), and the bilateral hind limbs were obviously red and swollen or even deformed. Compared with the model group, the body weight of rats in each administration group increased gently (P<0.05), the swelling degree of bilateral hind limbs was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the arthritis score was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The level of MDA in joint tissue decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD increased (P<0.05). The expression of PI3K, Akt, Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA in PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway was increased (P<0.05). The ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION DBD may inhibit the level of oxidative stress, attenuate the oxidative damage of synovial tissues and improve the pathological changes of synovium by regulating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in CIA rats, thus exerting an anti-RA effect.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determining the transformation of pesticide residues in honeysuckle and the development of limit standards in accordance with the requirements of GB 2763-2021 Food Safety Standards for Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. METHODS According to “the Principle of Conversion of Limit Standards of Traditional Chinese Medicine in <GB 2763-2021 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food>”, using a risk assessment model that is in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, the maximum residual limit value of the pesticide to be transformed from honeysuckle was evaluated. Using acetonitrile as the extraction solvent and direct extraction as the pre-treatment method. LC-MS/MS methods were used to screen three commonly used pesticides in 57 batches of honeysuckle. RESULTS Combined with the relevant requirements of GB 2763-2021 and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the maximum residue limit regulations for three pesticides in honeysuckle were proposed to be formulated through sample determination,namely imidacloprid (1 mg·kg^-1), avermectin benzoate (0.1 mg·kg^-1),and imidacloprid (15 mg·kg^-1). CONCLUSION This study screened three commonly used pesticides in 57 batches of honeysuckle and establishes a method and limit standard for the determination of conversion pesticide residues in combination with GB 2763-2021, which has guiding and important significance for further research on the standardization, quality standards, and market circulation supervision of pesticide use during the planting process.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents from Ferula bungeana Kitagawa. METHODS The chemical constituents from Ferula bungeana Kitagawa were investigated by silica gel chromatography, TLC, preparative HPLC, NMR, and HR-MS. RESULTS Thirty-three compounds were isolated from Ferula bungeana Kitagawa and identified, namely palmitic acid(1), oleic acid(2), linoleic acid(3), linolenic acid(4), dehydrofalcarinol(5), falcarinol(6), β-itosterol(7), 2, 6, 11, 15-tetramethyl-2, 6, 10, 14-hexadecanetetraene(8), arteordoyn A(9), falcarindiol(10), dehydrofalcarindiol(11), umbelliprenin(12), conferone(13), farnesiferone A(14), ferukrinone(15), polyanthinin(16), assafoetidnol B(17), actylfekrynol(18), fekrynol(19), kellerin(20), mogoltacin(21), gummosin(22), farnesiferol A(23), ferukrin(24), deacetylkellerin(25), assafoetidnol A(26), karatavicinol (27), 14'-hydroxy-karatavicinol (28), galbanic acid(29), 6, 7-dimethoxycoumarin(30), vanillin(31), 7-hydroxycoumarin(32) and 6, 7-dihydroxycoumarin(33). CONCLUSION Compounds 5-6, 9-11 are isolated in this genus for the first time, and others are isolated from this plant for the time.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for preparing total saponins from Schizocapsa plantaginea Hance and establish a corresponding quality control method. METHODS The total saponins were extracted from the Schizocapsa plantaginea Hance tubers using a water bath reflux method, followed by purification of the crude extract through solvent extraction and macroporous resin. Subsequently, the purified product of total saponins of Schizocapsa plantaginea Hance(SSPHs) was prepared, and its quality was assessed using thin-layer chromatography, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS) combined method. RESULTS The developed preparation method resulted in a yield of total saponin products from the Schizocapsa plantaginea Hance tuber ranging from 0.29% to 2.81%, with a purity from 57.30% to 77.02%. After detection, saponin substances such as Schizocapsa Plantaginea Hance Ⅰ(SSPH Ⅰ) and Schizocapsa plantaginea Hance Ⅱ(SSPH Ⅱ) were found in the total saponin products. The content of SSPH Ⅰ was 10.77-85.60 mg·g^-1 and the content of SSPH Ⅱ was 0.19-4.75 mg·g^-1. CONCLUSION The established preparation method is simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly, with high product quality. The established qualitative and quantitative detection method can effectively reflect the quality of SSPHs and provide method reference for the quality control of SSPHs.

Since the end of 2019, the new coronavirus swept the world, causing irreversible harm to social economy and human health, so the search for corresponding antiviral drugs has aroused wide attention. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by droplets, and after the process of replication, transcription and translation in the host cell, the mature virus is excreted in the form of endocytosis, forming a closed loop of infection. Notably, the papain like protease (PL^pro) encoded by non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) plays an important role in this process. At the same time, PL^pro also helps the virus evade the corresponding immune response in inflammatory reactions such as deubiquitination. Therefore, targeted inhibition of PL^pro can not only block the overall replication process of the virus, but also restore the host's own immune function, so as to achieve a better anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect. In summary, based on the different structures of the compounds, this paper intends to conduct an exploratory summary of the recent studies on inhibitor targeting SARS-CoV-2 PL^pro, in order to provide theoretical reference for the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for reasonable protection, development and utilization of Codonopsis pilosula germplasm resources. METHODS Variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal components analysis, cluster analysis, piecewise linear regression analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted on the main agronomic traits and representative components of 106 Codonopsis pilosula germplasm resources. RESULTS The genetic variability of the 106 Codonopsis pilosula germplasm resources was rich, with the coefficients of variation of the 106 Codonopsis pilosula trait indexes ranging from 9.331% to 86.948%, among which the coefficient of variation of the degree of variability of atractylenolide Ⅲ was the highest, 86.948%; the indexes of genetic diversity ranged from 1.587 to 2.039, with syringin 1.587, and root length, number of branches, and Codonopsis polysaccharide were 2.027,2.039 and 2.032, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that most of the 14 traits had significant or highly significant relationships with each other. The seven principal component factors available for principal component analysis could explain most of the information of the 14 indicators, with eigenvalues of 4.172, 2.427, 1.646, 1.196, 0.943, 0.872 and 0.75, respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 85.760%. Using the DTOPSIS method to score the germplasm resources of Codonopsis pilosula, the top 15 were No.13, No.20, No.21, No.18, No.73, No.77, No.90, No.78, No.88, No.72, No.74, No.80, No.79, No.34 and No.14, respectively.Clustering analysis showed that 106 codonopsis germplasm could be classified into five taxa, among which the agronomic traits and quality indexes except syringin at a higher level in taxon Ⅰ. The overall performance was better, and it could be promoted for cultivation. stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that root length, luxia diameter, dry weight, drying rate, total amino acid, tryptophan, tangshenoside Ⅰ and atractylenolide Ⅲ had significant effects on fresh weight. Root length, total amino acid. Codonopsis polysaccharide, tryptophan, syringin, tangshenoside Ⅰ and atractylenolide Ⅲ had significant effects on extractum. Extractum had significant effects on codonopsis polysaccharide. Total amino acids, tryptophan and syringin had significant effects on lobetyolin. CONCLUSION The results of this study can serve as a reference for screening high-quality germplasm resources and cultivating varieties of Codonopsis pilosula.