To analyze the relationship between cumulative ecological risks and physical activity behaviors of junior high school students, so as to provide theoretical support for promoting the physical and mental health development of junior high school students.

From March to April 2023, a multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to conduct an online survey of 3 502 middle school students in Henan Province. Physical activity levels and cumulative ecological risk were measured using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 and the Cumulative Ecological Risk Scale. Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression were employed to examine the distribution and influencing factors of physical exercise behaviors among different student groups.

light physical exercise had the highest proportion of physical activity in tensity among junior high school students (48.5%), with 80.4% engaging in low levels of physical activity. Only 16.8% of students exercised ≥1 time daily, and the most common frequency was 1-2 times per week (44.1%). Gender, residential area, parental education, and peer support were all significantly associated with physical activity levels among junior high school students (χ²=122.53, 6.49, 7.49, 10.17, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher cumulative ecological risk scores were associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in low levels of physical activity compared to high levels (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.02-1.23, P < 0.05), but no significant association was found for moderate physical activity (OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.97-1.21, P>0.05).

Junior high school students in Henan Province generally engage in insufficient physical exercise. Cumulative ecological risk negatively predicts their physical activity behaviors.

To explore the effects of a zero-time exercise (ZTEx) intervention on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among college students, providing evidence for improving physical activity and reducing sedentary habits.

In September 2023, 45 sedentary college students from a university in Fuzhou were recruited and randomly assigned to either the ZTEx group (23 students) or the control group (22 students) according to a random number table method. ZTEx group received two ZTEx focus group meetings for 3 months, while the control group received safety and health education. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a three-axis accelerometer were used to evaluate the sedentary and physical activity levels of college students. At the same time, evaluations related to physical health and psychological questionnaires were completed. Mixed effects analysis of variance and non-parametric tests were used to statistically analyze the physical health, psychological questionnaire, and sedentary and physical activity data of the college students.

Post-intervention, the ZTEx group showed significant improvements in the duration of low-intensity physical activity [pre-test(1 492.78±369.50)min; post-test(1 918.93±354.63)min] and the number of sedentary interruptions [pre-test(45.26±13.69)times; post-test(73.78±16.74)times]; grip strength [pre-test(28.77±9.23)kg; post-test(31.78±8.00)kg]; sitting up continuously for 30 seconds [pre-test(22.52±4.90)times; post-test(26.96±4.87)times]; general self-efficacy [pre-test(26.52±4.14)points; post-test(32.96±5.24)points]; body composition summary [pre-test(66.44±4.83)points; post-test(72.62±4.88)points]; and psychological composition summary [pre-test(61.21±9.88)points; post-test(63.98±9.57)points], while reducing sedentary time [pre-test(3 694.28±687.56)min; post-test(2 865.90±493.81)min] in the past 7 days, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The control group exhibited no significant changes(P>0.05).

ZTEx effectively improve the low-intensity physical activity, increases sedentary breaks, and reduces prolonged sitting among college students, fostering healthier habits and improving physical/mental well-being.

To investigate the status quo and associated factors of drinking water knowledge, attitude and behavior among primary school students in rural areas, so as to provide evidence for health behavioral intervention of drinking water in primary school.

Twenty-three primary schools in rural area from Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Shanxi provinces were selected by using purposive sampling method from March 1 to April 27 in 2023. Self-designed questionnaires regarding knowledge, attitude and behavior of drinking water were distributed to all students in grade 3-6, and 2 173 valid questionnaires were obtained. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of drinking water knowledge, attitude and behavior of primary school students.

The attainment rates of drinking water knowledge, attitude and behavior level were 20.02%, 26.65%, and 31.20%, respectively, among primary school students. The median of daily water intake was 1 000 mL, and the average daily water intake was (1 172.99±771.89)mL. In addition, 66.31% of students water intake reached the minimum standard of 800 mL recommended. The results of multiple Logistic regression indicated that drinking water accessibility in school, health education of drinking water, and individual self-control ability were positively correlated with the knowledge (OR=1.31, 1.57, 1.58), attitude (OR=2.07, 1.65, 1.73), behavior (OR=1.40, 1.49, 1.91) of drinking water and daily water intake (OR=1.41, 1.38, 1.20) (P<0.05).

Primary school students in rural areas are generally lack of appropriate health awareness on drinking water including knowledge, attitude and behavior. Schools should take targeted measures to focus on the cultivation of students' self-control ability, so as to improve students' knowledge and attitudes of drinking water, and furthermore help students shape their healthy behaviors of drinking water.

To explore the intervention effect of school-based horticultural activities combined with fancy rope skipping on the health behaviour of fourth-grade primary school students, so as to provide a reference method for children's health promotion.

Eighty-five primary school students in grade 4 of a primary school in Changsha City were selected in March 2023 by using multi-stage cluster random sampling method and randomly divided into an intervention group (43 students) and a control group (42 students). The intervention group implemented a 12-week comprehensive intervention of "school-based gardening combined with pattern skipping, once a week 90 min/time including routine practice (weeks 1-5, 7-11; the contents were vegetable and plant management, theoretical knowledge learning of pattern skipping practice, etc.) and parent-child activities (weeks 6 and 12; vegetable salad making, synchronized jumping rope competition, etc.), and the control group maintained the regular curriculum. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration were monitored by accelerometers in grade 4 primary school students, combined with questionnaires to assess fruit and vegetable intake and video screen behaviour, and generalised estimating equations were used to analyse the data.

After the intervention, there were interaction effect for school day MVPA time (Wald χ²_group×time=8.27), vegetable intake (Wald χ²_group×time=4.35), and video screen time (Wald χ²_group×time=13.27) in both groups (P < 0.01). After the intervention, the MVPA time in the intervention group increased from 30.00 (20.00, 60.00) min to 40.00 (30.00, 60.00) min from school day; vegetable intake increased from 99.85 (33.95, 229.48) g to 190.15 (131.05, 279.48) g; and video screen time increased from 225.00 (110.00, 313.75) min to 60.00 (30.00, 142.50) min (Z=-4.51, -2.00, -3.84, P < 0.05). However, there were no statistical differences in MVPA time, fruit intake and sleep time before and after intervention in the intervention group on weekends (Z=-1.35, -0.85, -0.24, P>0.05).

School-based horticultural activities combined with an integrated intervention of fancy rope skipping can significantly improve physical activity, vegetable intake and video screen behaviours on weekdays in grade 4 primary school children, in order to provide a basis for multidimensional health promotion.

To investigate the intentions of mothers of age-appropriate girls in Qingdao to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV), so as to provide theoretical guidance for targeted health education in the future.

A multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to conduct a cross-sectional study among 2 244 mothers of girls aged 12-14 years in Qingdao from March to December 2023. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons, and Logistic regression was performed to analyze the factors that influenced maternal intention to vaccinate their age-appropriate daughters against HPV.

Among the surveyed mothers, 89.22% (n=2 002) intended to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, and 68.58% (n=1 539) had fully vaccinated or had plans to complete it for themselves. The knowledge score of mothers intended to vaccinate their daughters was 10 (8, 11). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers aged >45 years (OR=0.19), those with an annual family income of 60 000- < 150 000 yuan (OR=0.65), 150 000-<300 000 yuan (OR=0.58), 300 000-500 000 yuan (OR=0.22), and those with higher knowledge scores (OR=0.90) were more likely to vaccinate their daughters (P<0.05). Mothers with a junior college or undergraduate degree (OR=1.66), those who never or occasionally screened for HPV (OR=1.58), those who were intended to be vaccinated, not planning to complete the full-course vaccination, or over-aged and unvaccinated (OR=7.13), those who were not concerned about their daughters' HPV infection (OR=2.54), and those whose daughters were not in adolescence (OR=1.93) were less intended to vaccinate their daughters (P<0.05). The primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccine safety concerns (65.06%), followed by the belief of mothers that "the children is to young, and can be vaccinated when they are older" (13.25%).

Mothers of eligible girls in Qingdao have relatively higher intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, and willingness is influenced by factors such as the mother's vaccination status, knowledge level, and daughter's development stage. It is recommended to strengthen targeted health education, improve the cognitive level and acceptance of mother, and increase the vaccination rate of HPV vaccines.

To summarize strategies for improving childhood hypertension, so as to provide evidence-based recommendations for poliy-making and practice childhood hypertension management in China.

From March to April 2024, child health stakeholders from five districts in Hangzhou were selected using a combination of stratified and convenience sampling methods. Data were analyzed using a grounded-theory approach. During the in-depth interview phase, six policymakers were interviewed. Focus group discussions were conducted with school administrators, healthcare providers, and parents, comprising a total of 62 participants.

Through three-level coding, 116 initial categories were identified(e.g., "trend of younger age" "difficulty in behavior change"), 35 main categories (e.g., "higher incidence compared to the past" "caused by comprehensive influencing factors"), and 12 core categories (e.g., "epidemic status" "influencing factors"). Finally, the cognitive status, problem analysis, and management strategies of children hypertension were constructed.

Effective prevention and control of childhood hypertension requires coordinated efforts among governments, schools, families, and society to establish a comprehensive management system, with dynamic monitoring and evaluation to optimize policy implementation.

To explore the longitudinal-causal relationship between college students' overall family functioning and their Internet altruistic behaviors, so as to provide ideas for developing mental health education in universities.

By using a convenience sampling method, the Overall Family Functioning Rating Scale and the Internet Altruistic Behaviors Scale were adopted to conduct a two-stage follow'up survey (T1:November 2023, T2:October 2024) among 705 students from seven universities in Jiangsu Province over a period of one year. Repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and cross-lagged analysis were used for statistical analysis.

The overall family functioning of college students was relatively stable over time (T1:2.99±0.83; T2:3.01±0.57) [F_{(1, 703)}=0.68, P>0.01]; however, the main effect of gender was statistically significant [boys: T1(2.98±0.78), T2(2.99±0.67);girls: T1(3.01±0.91), T2(3.01±0.42);F_{(1, 703)}=6.91, P < 0.01], with female college students having a higher overall family functioning level than male college students. The Internet altruistic behaviors of college students showed certain dynamic changes (T1:2.86±0.39; T2:3.05±0.46) [F_{(1, 703)}=10.19, P < 0.01], and the post-test Internet altruistic behaviors levels of both male and female college students were higher than those of the pre-test; network altruistic behavior was not statistically significant on the sex main effect [bodys: T1(2.87±0.44), T2(3.05±0.31);girls: T1(2.85±0.36), T2(3.06±0.65);F_{(1, 703)}=2.50, P>; 0.05]; the interaction between time and gender for Internet altruistic behaviors were statistically significant [F_{(1, 703)}=6.64, P < 0.01]; the concurrent and lagged correlations between the overall family functioning and Internet altruistic behaviors of college students were all positive (r=0.35-0.57, P < 0.01); the pre-test overall family functioning could positively predict the post-test Internet altruistic behaviors (β=0.15, P < 0.01).

The overall family functioning of college students is relatively stable, while their Internet altruistic behaviors show certain development and changes. The overall family functioning of college students can directly predict their Internet altruistic behaviors, and there is a certain degree of causal relationship between the two.

To explore the effectiveness of different intervention modalities on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents, so as to provide an evidence-based basis for the intervention strategy of NSSI in adolescents.

Randomized controlled trials on interventions for adolescent NSSI were retrieved from databases, such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, spanning from the inception of these databases to March 5, 2025. Network Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 17.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95%CI were used as the effect indicators to compare the differences in the effectiveness of the interventions and rank the effect.

A total of 26 articles with 2 034 adolescents with NSSI were included in the study, including 10 intervention modalities: dialectical behavior therapy, emotional regulation intervention, mentalization-based therapy, family therapy, cutting down programme, cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, stepped care approach, positive psychological intervention, and acceptance and commitment therapy. The results showed that compared with the treatment as usual, positive psychological intervention [SMD(95%CI)=-2.12(-3.51 to-0.74)], stepped care intervention [SMD(95%XI)=-2.07(-3.43 to-0.71)], and dialectical behavior therapy [SMD(95%CI)=-1.70(-2.60 to-0.80)], cognitive behavioral therapy [SMD(95%CI)=-1.54(-2.61 to-0.48)], and acceptance and commitment therapy [SMD(95%CI)=-1.50(-2.68 to-0.32)] were statistically significant differences in reducing adolescents' NSSI behaviors(P < 0.05). Positive psychological intervention, stepped care intervention, and dialectical behavior therapy were more effective than the mentalization-based therapy and the cutting down programme (SMD=-2.08, -2.03, -1.66, -2.06, -2.01, -1.64, P < 0.05); the area under the cumulative ranking probability graph revealed that positive psychological intervention may have the best effect in improving NSSI among adolescents (82.5).

Positive psychological interventions show the best results in improving adolescent NSSI among multiple intervention modalities. It is recommended to give priority to positive psychological interventions in clinical interventions.

To explore the relationship between parenting styles and depressive symptoms in adolescents with nightmare disorder, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective family intervention measures and psychological counseling.

From January 2023 to August 2024, 90 adolescents diagnosed with nightmare disorder and admitted to Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, along with 176 healthy controls from the urban areas of Hangzhou, were recruited as participants in the study. All participants were assessed using the Nightmare Experience Questionnaire (NEQ), Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ), and Plutchik-van Praag Self-report Depression Scale (PVP). The t-test and Chi-square test were conducted to compare two groups. Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression were employed to explore the correlations between PVP and NEQ or FRQ. The Process model was used to testing the mediating effects among NEQ/FRQ/PVP.

The nightmare disorder group had higher scores in nightmare frequency, the four factors of NEQ (physical effect, negative emotion, meaning interpretation, horrible stimulation), and PVP than the healthy control group (24.86±18.89, 10.12±3.67, 19.01±3.51, 17.02±3.31, 15.14±3.26, 14.02±4.38; 2.34±1.04, 6.49±2.18, 17.63±4.76, 13.91±4.24, 12.40±4.49, 9.39±3.28)(t=15.79, 10.11, 2.43, 6.09, 5.14, 27.46, P < 0.05). The nightmare disorder group reported significantly lower scores in FRQ general attachment and maternal encouragement than the healthy control group (7.22±2.81, 16.39±3.28) (t=-5.53, -4.95). In contrast, they exhibited significantly higher scores in maternal abuse, maternal dominance, paternal freedom release, and paternal dominance than the healthy control group (8.23±1.80, 13.11±3.73, 18.36±3.37, 12.04±3.29; 6.07±1.85, 8.48±3.80, 15.15±2.51, 9.47±3.03) (t=6.70, 8.96, 5.90, 7.04, P < 0.01). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that, in the nightmare disorder group, the PVP score was positively correlated with negative emotion, nightmare frequency, maternal abuse, and maternal dominance score (r=0.14, 0.63, 0.26, 0.51, P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that when using FRQ score to predict NEQ score, the adjusted R² in the nightmare disorder group was 0.01-0.59. Mother abuse could prediced physical effect (β=0.33); maternal dominance significantly predicted negative emotion, horrible stimulation, and nightmare frequency (β=0.29, 0.30, 0.79); paternal freedom release could predict negative emotion (β=0.26), paternal dominance predicted both negative emotion and nightmare frequency (β=0.22, 0.45) (P < 0.05). Mediation analysis further revealed that, in the nightmare disorder group, PVP scores served as a mediating variable between FRQ and NEQ.

Abusive, controlling, and neglectful family upbringing styles as well as depression maybe are key factors that may contribute to the development of nightmare disorder among adolescents.

To analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) among junior high school students, so as to provide evidence for preventing IGD development in adolescents.

From August 2019 to February 2020, a survey was conducted among 1 169 junior high school students from three middle schools in Xi'an using stratified cluster sampling. The Parental Psychological Control Scale and IGD Scale were administered to assess parental psychological control and IGD prevalence. Univariate and binary Logistic regression analyses were used to explore IGD risk factors and their correlation with parental psychological control.

The detection rate of IGD in middle school students was 19.9%(184/1 169). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that compared to those with lower parental psychological control scores(≤21 points), students with higher parental psychological control scores (>21 points) had a higher risk of IGD (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.21-2.74), a 1.58-fold higher risk of self-perceived gaming addiction (95%CI=1.07-2.30), as well as reduced likelihood of seeking external help to reduce gaming time (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.47-0.94) (P < 0.05).

Parental psychological control may elevate the risks of IGD and self-perceived addiction while diminishing proactive help-seeking behaviors to reduce gaming time. Parents should enhance communication with adolescents and provide positive guidance to mitigate potential gaming-related harms.