To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of other infectious diarrhea among children under 18 years old in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020, and to explore the correlation between climatic factors and the incidence of the disease, so as to provide reference for the early prevention of infectious diseases.

The data of cases of other infectious diarrhea and meteorological data of children under 18 years old in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020 were collected through the Chinese Infectious Disease Reporting System and the Guangzhou Meteorological Bureau. The correlation between meteorological factors and the incidence of other infectious diarrhea was analyzed using negative binomial regression.

A total of 104 566 cases of other infectious diarrhea among children under 18 years old were reported in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.48∶1. The incidence rate was the highest in 2017 (980.83 per 100 000) and the lowest in 2020 (388.22 per 100 000). The peak of incidence occurred from October to March of the following year. Children under 5 years old accounted for 87.95% of all cases. The number of cases of other infectious diarrhea was negatively correlated with the temperature of the previous 6 days (IRR=-0.07), and positively correlated with the temperature difference on the day of onset (IRR=0.02) (both P < 0.05). It was also positively correlated with the wind speed of the previous 7 days (IRR=0.07, P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant correlation with the relative humidity on the day of onset (IRR=-0.00, P > 0.05).

Low temperature, large temperature difference, and high wind speed can increase the risk of other infectious diarrhea. It is necessary to strengthen the prediction and early warning in conjunction with meteorological changes, and warn kindergartens and schools to enhance preventive measures against the clustering of other infectious diarrhea cases.

To systematically evaluate the relationship of exposure to five heavy metals, namely lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum with obesity in children and adolescents, so as to provide a scientific basis for subsequent research in the area.

Four Chinese databasesc (CBM, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang) and four foreign databases (OVID, PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO), were searched to collect relevant studies, and the search period was from the establishment of the database to May 5, 2024. After 2 investigators independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies, the results were analyzed quantitatively and summarized qualitatively.

A total of 5 cohort studies on lead exposure and 17 cross-sectional studies involving exposure to lead (n=13), cadmium (n=8), mercury (n=8), arsenic (n=4), and aluminum (n=1) were included. Meta analysis of the 2 cohort studies showed that lead exposure was not associated with the risk of overweight and obesity in children (RR=0.76, 95%CI=0.50-1.16, P > 0.05). The cross-sectional study Meta-analysis results showed that lead exposure was negatively associated with the risk of childhood overweight (OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.59-0.84, 2 studies) and obesity (OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.58-0.87, 3 studies); cadmium exposure was negatively associated with the risk of childhood overweight (OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.73-0.95, 2 studies) and obesity risk(OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.63-0.78, 3 studies); mercury exposure increased the risk of overweight/obesity (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.14-1.76, 2 studies) and abdominal obesity (OR=1.99, 95%CI=1.45-2.73, 2 studies) in children; the group with the highest concentration of arsenic in urine had a lower risk of developing obesity compared to the group with the lowest concentration (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.23-0.65, 1 study), and the group with the highest concentration of aluminum in urine had a lower risk of obesity compared with the group with the lowest concentration (OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.31-0.86, 1 study)(all P < 0.05).

Heavy metal exposure may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, but the conclusions are inconsistent and need to be validated in further high-quality prospective cohort studies.

To investigate the indoor fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution and its influencing factors in children's bedrooms using solid fuel, so as to provide evidence for effective strategy to reduce PM_2.5 pollution.

From December 2019 to November 2020, 198 households (108 in the north, 90 in the south) from two pilots in the north(Jiamusi in Heilongjiang Province) and south of China (Mianyang in Sichuan Province) were selected, and status of solid fuels using were obtained through home visits, dynamic changes in PM_2.5 concentrations in children's bedrooms were monitored by using real-time online instruments, and the influencing factors of PM_2.5 pollution were analyzed by using a mixed-effects model.

During the monitoring period, the daily PM_2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 78.33 (40.50, 154.80) and 38.54(26.20, 58.46) μg/m³, respectively, exceeding standard rates of 44.57% and 33.22%. During the heating period, the daily PM_2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 212.50(133.60, 244.10) and 104.42(73.97, 134.90) μg/m³, respectively, with over standard rates of 96.75% and 86.96%. The mixed-effects model analysis results showed that children's bedroom PM_2.5 concentrations were associated with solid fuel usage duration, window opening time, room layout (shared entrance door between kitchen and bedroom), indoor smoking, indoor humidity, and solid fuel use in the bedroom (β=0.19, -0.05, 1.20, 0.43, 0.02, 0.35, all P < 0.05).

Solid fuel combustion significantly comtributes to PM_2.5 pollution in children's bedrooms, with more pronounced impacts observed in northern China compared to southern regions.

To investigate the association between medium- to long-term PM_2.5 exposure around school areas and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi, providing data support and theoretical foundations for scientifically addressing overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students.

From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 251 183 students aged 7-18 years (grade 1 to grade 12) from 14 prefecture level cities (111 districts and counties) in Guangxi. PM_2.5 mass concentration data were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Preliminary comparative analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, while binary Logistic regression models were applied to quantify the relationship between PM_2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity. Restricted cubic spline analysis was further utilized to examine the nonlinear association between PM_2.5 concentration and overweight/obesity risk.

The detection rate of overweight/obesity among Guangxi students in 2023 was 19.5%. The median PM_2.5 concentration in the year prior to the study was higher in the overweight/obesity group (23.22 μg/m³) compared to the non-overweight/obesity group (22.63 μg/m³) (Z=-15.66, P < 0.01), and consistent trends were observed across gender (male/female) and educational stage (primary/junior/senior high school) subgroups (all P < 0.01). Binary Logistic regression revealed that for every 10 μg/m³ increase in the annual average PM_2.5 concentration, the risk of overweight/obesity increased by 12% (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.09-1.15, P < 0.01). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between monthly PM_2.5 levels and overweight/obesity risk (P_trend < 0.01). Below 22.68 μg/m³, PM_2.5 exposure showed no significant association with obesity risk; above the threshold, the risk increased with rising PM_2.5 levels.

Medium- to long-term PM_2.5 exposure around school environments is significantly associated with overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students.

To examine the relationship among physical education core literacy, exercise self-efficacy, physical self-esteem and subjective exercise experience among middle school students, and to analyze the latent classes of exercise self-efficacy, so as to provide evidence for enhancing adolescents' subjective exercise experience.

Using stratified cluster random sampling, 2 569 students from 12 provinces, autonomous regions or municipality directly under the central govement (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Henan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shandong, Hubei, Hebei) were surveyed from September to November in 2024 with Core Competency Scale of Physical Education, Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, and Physical Self-esteem Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships among physical education core literacy, exercise self-efficacy, physical self-esteem, and subjective exercise experience. Mediation models with Bootstrap testing were employed to examine the mediating roles of exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem in the relationship between physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience. Latent profile analysis (LPA) of exercise self-efficacy was performed using Mplus 8.3.

Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between physical education core literacy and exercise self-efficacy (r=0.21), physical self-esteem (r=0.38), and subjective exercise experience (r=0.40); exercise self-efficacy was positively correlated with physical self-esteem (r=0.25) and subjective exercise experience (r=0.45); and physical self-esteem was positively correlated with subjective exercise experience (r=0.34) (all P < 0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that physical education core literacy positively predicted subjective exercise experience (β=0.41, P < 0.05), with exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem serving as partial mediators (effect size=0.14, P < 0.01), accounting for 34% of the total effect. LPA identified three latent classes of exercise self-efficacy: low (14.71%, n=378), moderate (65.51%, n=1 683), and high (19.78%, n=508) exercise self-efficacy groups.

Adolescents' exercise self-efficacy demonstrates heterogeneity, and both exercise self-efficacy and physical self-esteem mediate the relationship between physical education core literacy and subjective exercise experience.

To understand the influence of the concept of movement education on the fundamental motor skills of preschool children aged 3-6, so as to provide a reference for improving the quality of preschool education and promoting the all-round development of preschool children.

From August 2022 to June 2023, 592 normally developing preschool children aged 3-6 in a certain kindergarten in Qingdao were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling. They were randomly divided into the intervention group (physical education activities designed based on the concept of movement education) and the control group (original teaching plan). The intervention lasted for 24 weeks (twice a week, 40 minutes each time). Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) was used to evaluate the children's gross motor skills, and repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data of the two groups before and after the intervention.

Except for running and kicking, the group main effects (F_group=18.78-104.77), time main effects(F_time=243.23-3 003.19), and other interactive effects between group and time (F_group×time=14.01-322.91) were of statistical significances for gross motor, movement motor, manipulative motor and each sub-indicator between intervention group and control group. Further simple effect analysis results showed that, before intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in the total scores of gross motor (48.95±10.65, 45.87±10.98), movement motor (25.93±7.31, 23.46±7.32) and manipulative motor (23.15±4.40, 22.40±4.69) between the intervention group and the control group (F=3.69, 2.94, 1.90, P > 0.05); and two goups were also found of no statistical significance in the each sub-indicator of movement and manipulative motor (F=0.01-3.58, P > 0.05); after intervention, the total scores of gross motor, movement motor, and manipulative motor in the intervention group (75.92±9.48, 38.12±5.40, 37.80±4.92) were all better than those in the control group (59.52±12.12, 30.71±7.47, 28.81±5.54) (F=168.15, 97.58, 210.71), and the total indicators of both goups had better scores than those before the intervention (F_intervention=3 498.90, 1 438.27, 2 431.24; F_control=545.58, 309.18, 283.29)(all P < 0.01); after intervention, the intervention group had better scores in all sub-indicators (except for running and kicking) than the control group (F=43.57-297.71), and the each sub-indicator of both goups had better scores than those before the intervention (F_intervention=300.58-858.65; F_control=12.28-135.64)(all P < 0.01).

Physical education activities designed based on the concept of movement education could better promote the development of children's fundamental motor skills.

To explore the potential classification of 24-hour activity time allocation among college students in Yinchuan and its association with active health levels, so as to provide references for optimizing activity time allocation to enhance active health levels.

From November 18 to December 6, 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 422 first- and second-year college students from full-time undergraduate institutions in Yinchuan. The Chinese College Students' 24-hour Movement Behaviors Questionnaire (24 h MBQ) and Active Health Behavior Scale were used to assess 24-hour activity time allocation and evaluate active health levels. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to categorize activity types, and a binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between active health levels and activity types.

A total of 1 087 students (44.9%) were found of meeting active health standards, and significant statistical differences were found in active health levels across different genders, grades, academic qualities, sources of origin and academic categories (χ²=22.03, 7.65, 25.50, 10.12, 43.44, all P < 0.01). Moreover, significant statistical differences could also be found among college students' 24-hour activity time across different genders, ages, grades, sources of origin, academic qualities, and academic categories (t/Z/H/F=-5.70-111.39, P < 0.05).The 24-hour activity time allocation was classified into four types: academic high (6.9%), low activity rest (8.8%), light activity (67.8%), and high activity dynamic (16.4%). Significant statistical differences were observed in activity time allocation categories across different ages, academic qualities and academic categories (χ²=15.52-108.46, all P < 0.05). Using the high activity dynamic type as a reference, the light activity type (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.31-0.50), low activity rest type (OR=0.10, 95%CI=0.06-0.15), and academic high type (OR=0.03, 95%CI=0.02-0.07) had lower active health levels among college students (all P < 0.01).

There is a significant difference in 24-hour activity time allocation among college students in Yinchuan, and different activity types are associated with active health levels.