[Objective] The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the key pathogenic factors of cow hoof disease,build a multi-dimensional comprehensive prevention and control system,and provide theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of hoof disease and improving the health level of cows.[Method] Through literature analysis and field investigation,the pathogenic mechanisms such as genetic susceptibility,nutritional imbalance,humid environment and microbial infection were clarified,and the “genetic-nutritional-environmental”trinity prevention and control strategy covering genetic improvement,precise nutrition regulation,environmental management and hoof bath health care was designed.[Result] The implementation of this system can effectively reduce the incidence of hoof disease,improve the cure rate of hoof infection and reduce the elimination rate of cows.[Conclusion] Multi-factor synergistic prevention and control can effectively block the occurrence path of hoof disease,which has significant economic benefits and popularization value.

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the tick species on the body surface of cattle and sheep in Yinan county Shandong Province,and detect the prevalence of parasitic tick-borne pyriformis..[Method] Hard ticks were collected from the surface of cattle and sheep,and their morphological characteristics were preliminarily identified.Subsequently,molecular identification was carried out using the mitochondrial cox1 gene,and the 18S rRNA gene was used as the target gene to investigate the prevalence of parasitic tick-borne pyriformis.[Result] A total of 338 ticks were collected,including 219 longhorn blood ticks and 119 microfan-headed ticks. The COX1 gene sequences of five longhorn blood ticks showed the highest homology （99.7%~99.9%） with known species, while five microfan-headed ticks exhibited the highest similarity （99.3%~99.6%） to known species, all belonging to branch B. PCR analysis revealed an average detection rate of 7.10% （24/338） for Babesia and 3.25% （11/338） for Tyleria in longhorn blood ticks. [Conclusion] The results indicated that longhorn blood ticks and microfan-headed ticks are the dominant surface ticks on cattle and sheep in Yinan County,with common carriage of Paragonimiasis. Local authorities and livestock farming enterprises should enhance tick detection and control measures.

Bovine mastitis is one of the most prevalent and economically damaging diseases in the dairy industry.It presents a complex pathogen spectrum,including gram-positive bacteria,gram-negative bacteria,and emerging atypical microorganisms,and exhibits distinct clinical classifications.With the escalating problem of drug resistance in dairy cow farming, traditional treatment models are facing challenges, and the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis are in urgent need of a transformation towards precision and diversification.This paper provided a comprehensive review of the pathogens associated with mastitis,its clinical classifications,and recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques.It highlighted the current research status and application prospects of novel therapeutic strategies such as antibiotics,bacteriophages,antimicrobial peptides,probiotics,herbal medicine,immunotherapy,nanomaterials,and stem cell therapy.Furthermore,it integrated genetic selection,nutritional regulation,dry-off period management,and teat sealant use into a systematic framework for comprehensive mastitis prevention and control.The aim was to offer a theoretical and practical basis for early detection,effective control,and sustainable management of bovine mastitis,thereby promoting healthier and more efficient dairy farming systems.

Based on the requirements for quality,safety,and operational efficiency in the dairy industry,this paper exploredd the practice and innovation of the Just-In-Time （JIT） management model in dairy plant warehouse management. By analyzing the problems of inventory backlog,risks associated with near-expiry products,and hidden costs under traditional inventory management models,and integrating the JIT principles of "zero inventory,flexible production,and total quality management," a JIT implementation framework suitable for dairy plant warehouses is constructed. Key specific measures are proposed,focusing on demand forecasting,production planning optimization,supplier evaluation systems,warehouse layout,and process reengineering. These measures are integrated with 5S on-site management,information technologies （such as SRM systems,IoT,big data,blockchain,etc.）,and rapid testing methods to achieve precise control of raw materials and finished products,efficient traceability,and inventory minimization. Practice shows that JIT management can significantly improve inventory turnover,reduce quality risks,and enhance supply chain resilience,providing a viable pathway for dairy enterprises to achieve dual improvements in food safety and operational efficiency. Finally,the paper looked forward to the future trend of deep integration between JIT management and digital technologies,emphasizing that enterprises should flexibly implement JIT strategies based on their own characteristics to promote the evolution of dairy warehouse management towards an intelligent stage.

[Objective] To study the effects of different culture media,culture temperatures and culture times on the levels of psychrotrophiles microorganisms in raw cow's milk,aiming to improve the accuracy and consistency of the detection of psychrophiles detection in raw cow's milk.[Method] This experiment adopted the 6.5 ℃ colony counting method（referred to as“PCMA method”）in the first method and the 21 ℃ colony counting method（referred to as“PCMA rapid method”）in the second method of“SN/T 2552.4-2010 Microbiological Testing methods for Milk and Dairy Products”and “ISO 6730：2005 Milk—Enumeration of colony forming units of psychrotrophic microorganisms—Colony-count technique at 6.5 ℃”（referred to as“PCA Method”）and“ISO 8552：2004 Milk—Estimation of psychrotrophic microorganisms— Colony-count technique at 21 ℃ （Rapid Method）”（referred to as“PCA Rapid Method”） was used to detect the levels of psychrophiles in a total of 66 raw cow's milk samples from 2 dairy products of 8 dairy farms in South China in 2017 under different culture conditions.[Result] The data consistency of the PCA method and the PCA rapid method was poor when detecting the same type of raw cow's milk. The PCMA method and the PCMA rapid method also showed the problem of poor data consistency when detecting raw cow's milk. Although the PCA method and the PCMA method were consistent in quantity when detecting the same type of raw material milk,the culture medium of the PCMA method was relatively turbid,and the colony morphology was small,which was prone to misjudgment.[Conclusion] Different culture media,culture temperatures and culture times have an impact on the detection results of psychrophilic bacteria in raw cow's milk. The PCMA rapid method can be used to make a preliminary judgment on the level of psychrophiles in raw cow's milk. However,for more accurate colony technology results,it is still recommended to use the PCA method as the final determination basis.

[Objective] To understand the contamination level of Aflatoxin M₁（AFM₁）in dairy products.[Method] The content of AFM₁ in 2 099 dairy products in Yinchuan City was determined by colloidal gold immunochromatography rapid detection method and high performance liquid chromatography,and the exposure risks of different populations were evaluated. [Result] The positive detection rate of AFM₁ was 9.58%,and the contamination level of milk-containing beverages was the highest. Special attention should be paid to the risk of children aged 2 to 6. [Conclusion] AFM₁ was detected in all 10 kinds of dairy products sold in Yinchuan,but the contamination level was within a controllable range. Given that the risk of liver cancer caused by AFM₁ among children who consume milk-containing beverages is relatively high,a systematic monitoring mechanism needs to be established and long-term dynamic supervision implemented.

[Objective] To evaluate the uncertainty of determination of lactoferrin content in pasteurized milk by high performance liquid chromatography.[Method] According to the “CNAS—GL006—2019 Guidelines for Evaluation of Uncertainty in Chemical Analysis”and“GB 5009.299—2024 National Food Safety Standard for Determination of Lactoferrin in Food”,the content of lactoferrin in pasteurized milk was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Established a mathematical model to identify the main sources of uncertainty introduced during the experiment,then quantified them,synthesized standard uncertainty,and calculated extended uncertainty.[Result] When the mass concentration of lactoferrin in pasteurized milk was 4.17 mg/100 g,the extended uncertainty of the result was 0.16 mg/100 g,including factor k=2,with a confidence probability of 95%.[Conclusion] The main sources of uncertainty introduced during the experiment included repeated measurements（u1）,calibration curve fitting（u2）,preparation of standard solution series（u3）,constant volume of samples（u4）,and weighing of samples（u5）. The measurement uncertainty components have a significant impact on the detection results.The uncertainty of the evaluation criteria can standardize the experimental operation process in a targeted manner,reduce the impact of introduced uncertainty components on the detection results,provide a scientific basis for quality control of lactoferrin detection,and is also one of the necessary conditions for the laboratory to be accredited by the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment（CNAS）.

[Objective] To enhance the laboratory testing capability and level,optimize the experimental data processing procedure,strengthen the laboratory quality control system,and improve the credibility of experimental results,this study systematically verified the detection capability of lactic acid bacteria count.[Method] According to the“ACAS-PT1911（2024）Proficiency Testing Guide for Lactic Acid Bacteria in Milk Powder”and“GB 4789.35-2023 National Food Safety Standard - Microbiological testing of food - Lactic Acid Bacteria Testing”,the proficiency testing samples with numbers 24-S614 and 24-F143 were tested, and the uncertainty was evaluated.[Result] The detection result of sample 24-S614 was 7.0×10⁶,with a Z value of -1.0. The detection result of sample 24-F143 was 1.1×10⁷,with a Z value of 1.2. The │Z│of both test proficiency testing samples was≤2.0,which was a satisfactory result..Critical control point analysis and uncertainty assessment indicated that dilution error,weighing error,temperature fluctuation,and repeated detection were the main contributing sources. The expanded uncertainty of the lactic acid bacteria count results was 2.2×10^-4（P=95%,k=2）.[Conclusion] The results of the proficiency testing indicate that the laboratory's ability to detect lactic acid bacteria has been effectively enhanced,increasing the reliability of the laboratory's detection results. This confirmed that such matrix proficiency testing samples had good stability and reliability,providing a reference for the standardization of lactic acid bacteria detection methods in milk powder.

[Objective] The detection of folic acid in infant formula is of critical significance for ensuring the healthy growth of infants and young children and for product quality control. Regular participation in detection proficiency testing activities helps enhance the capability level of personnel and provides a guarantee for the improvement of the laboratory's detection ability for folic acid content in infant formula.[Method] This study participated in the proficiency testing project for folic acid detection in infant formula with item number MA-IP-025-042-24-E9326 of the Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection&Testing. The detection was completed strictly in accordance with the operation instructions provided by the organizer and the detection methods of this laboratory. Based on the specificity and high sensitivity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus to folic acid,in this study,a simple and highly accurate quantitative detection system for folic acid was constructed by using the IfpVitaFast Vitamin B9 Folic Acid test kit in combination with microbiological methods. The folic acid content in the verification sample MA-IP-025-042-24-E9326 was quantitatively detected,and the test results were analyzed and evaluated.[Result] The detected result of folic acid content in sample MA-IP-025-042-24-E9326 was 119.64 μg/100 g,with a Z-value of 0.2,and |Z|≤2. The result was satisfactory.[Conclusion] The test kit method provided accurate detection results,was simple,rapid and efficient to operate,and offers reliable technical support for the analysis of laboratory detection capability of folic acid content in infant formula.

Milk-derived immunoglobulins are a class of biologically active proteins widely present in bovine milk and colostrum,playing a key role in enhancing immune function and regulating intestinal health. This paper systematically reviewed the content distribution,application forms in food,factors affecting stability,and the relationship between structure and function of milk-derived immunoglobulins,with a focus on their practical applications and efficacy validation in infant formula,sports nutrition products,and general functional foods. Additionally,the current technological challenges and regulatory environment in the industrialization process are analyzed. Prospects for promoting broader application through technological improvements and standard establishment are were proposed,aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the development and application of related functional foods.