Bovine mastitis is one of the most prevalent and economically damaging diseases in the dairy industry.It presents a complex pathogen spectrum,including gram-positive bacteria,gram-negative bacteria,and emerging atypical microorganisms,and exhibits distinct clinical classifications.With the escalating problem of drug resistance in dairy cow farming, traditional treatment models are facing challenges, and the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis are in urgent need of a transformation towards precision and diversification.This paper provided a comprehensive review of the pathogens associated with mastitis,its clinical classifications,and recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques.It highlighted the current research status and application prospects of novel therapeutic strategies such as antibiotics,bacteriophages,antimicrobial peptides,probiotics,herbal medicine,immunotherapy,nanomaterials,and stem cell therapy.Furthermore,it integrated genetic selection,nutritional regulation,dry-off period management,and teat sealant use into a systematic framework for comprehensive mastitis prevention and control.The aim was to offer a theoretical and practical basis for early detection,effective control,and sustainable management of bovine mastitis,thereby promoting healthier and more efficient dairy farming systems.

bovine mastitis  /  pathogen spectrum  /  diagnostic advancement  /  alternative therapy  /  comprehensive control