Latest ArticlesThis study aimed to investigate the usage of sodium cyclamate in beverages and flavored fermented milk through market research. The study compared and analyzed the new and old national standards for the determination of sodium cyclamate content using gas chromatography, and summarized the test precautions to provide reference for inspectors.
This study conducted a market survey in Jining District, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, using gas chromatography to determine the sodium cyclamate content.To explore the impact of storage conditions on the stability of sodium cyclamate, the changes in sodium cyclamate content in samples under normal temperature and refrigeration conditions were measured and compared.
Market research has found that about 37% of flavored fermented milk contains sweeteners. Approximately 47% of beverages contained sweeteners, with sodium cyclamate usage accounting for the third. There was no significant difference in the detection results of the new and old national standards. The highest detected value was 0.509 g/kg, and all tested samples were qualified. After 14 days of storage at normal temperature and refrigeration conditions, the detection values of the tested liquid changed slightly, with the maximum coefficient of variation being only 2.13%, and there was no significant difference between the two storage conditions (P>0.05).
The new national standard simplifies the operation steps, shortens the detection time, and reduces the requirements for inspectors, providing a good example for the update of similar standards.The tested liquid can be stored stably for 14 days, and there was no significant difference in storage conditions at normal temperature and refrigeration, providing a reference for the daily detection of sodium cyclamate content in beverages.
Postpartum hypocalcemia in dairy cows is a critical metabolic disorder that severely threatens the health and productivity of transition dairy cows, and its effective prevention and control are of paramount importance to the dairy industry. Traditional herd-based calcium supplementation strategies suffer from issues such as insufficient precision, resource wastage, and potential metabolic risks. With the advancement of the concept of precision nutrition, precision calcium supplementation strategies tailored to the physiological status of individual cows have become a current research focus. This paper systematically reviewed the hazards of postpartum hypocalcemia, traditional and emerging calcium supplementation methods, and specifically discussed individualized precision calcium supplementation strategies based on indicators such as behavioral monitoring (e.g., feeding and rumination time). Furthermore, in conjunction with the application concept of oral calcium supplements like Bovikalc, this paper analyzed their potential effects on improving calcium metabolic homeostasis, maintaining uterine health, and enhancing subsequent production performance in dairy cows. This review aimed to provide a theoretical basis and reference for optimizing calcium metabolism management during the transition period and promoting the practice of precision nutritional interventions in dairy cows.
This study focused on two large-scale dairy farms in the Lanzhou region, targeting key indicators of dairy cow production performance. By systematically analyzing Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) data, this study aimed to investigate the variation patterns of milk composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), somatic cell count (SCC), peak milk yield, and days to peak yield, clarify the main influencing factors, and provide data-driven support and practical guidance for precision feeding management on dairy farms.
A total of 30 consecutive DHI test records from January 2022 to December 2024 were collected from the two farms. Descriptive statistics and trend analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Combined with farm management logs (including records on diet formulation, immunization and health care, environmental regulation, etc.), the driving factors behind changes in each indicator were comprehensively analyzed to ensure scientific reliability of the results.
Milk composition was jointly influenced by dietary adjustments and genetic improvements. Farm A exhibited significant fluctuations in milk fat percentage due to modifications in feed formula, while Farm B achieved progressive annual increases in milk protein percentage through optimized protein supplementation and breeding enhancements. Both farms significantly reduced SCC values by improving barn environments and standardizing milking procedures. MUN levels remained generally stable, though energy-nitrogen balance during peak lactation requires attention. Peak milk yield showed a steady increasing trend, days to peak yield gradually decreased, and overall feeding management levels continued to improve.
Through systematic analysis of three-year DHI data, this study identified the variation characteristics and key influencing factors of production performance indicators on large-scale dairy farms in the Lanzhou region. The targeted management recommendations provided can serve as an important reference for controlling feed costs, improving milk quality, and optimizing feeding management models on dairy farms.
Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) is a naturally occurring protective membrane structure present in both human and bovine milk, which maintains the stability of milk emulsions by inhibiting fat aggregation and oxidation. The core components of MFGM are composed of a diverse array of polar lipids and functional proteins. Its specific composition is modulated by both endogenous physiological factors (including the dietary composition, breed, and health status of dairy cows) and exogenous production and processing factors, resulting in significant compositional heterogeneity among MFGM preparations from different sources. In recent years, with in-depth research on the physiological functions of MFGM and its benefits to human health, especially the gradual elucidation of its health-promoting effects on early-life brain development, cognitive function, skeletal muscle and cardiac metabolism, MFGM has emerged as a prominent research hotspot in the field of nutrition and food science. This review provided an in-depth discussion of the nutritional and functional properties of MFGM, highlighted the latest supporting clinical evidence, and offered an outlook on the development prospects and future application directions of MFGM as a core functional ingredient in functional foods.
Explore a fluorescence detection method that can accurately and quickly detect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in pasteurized milk.
The comparative experiment was conducted to verify the ALP rapid detection kits from manufacturer A and B.
Using the detection kit from manufacturer B to test for alkaline phosphatase in pasteurized milk could complete the detection accurately and quickly.
The detection kit from manufacturer B met the requirements in terms of precision, stability, and ease of operation, and could be used as a method for detecting alkaline phosphatase in pasteurized milk.
Data acquisition from laboratory equipment is a crucial link in driving scientific research and innovation in the dairy industry, as well as ensuring the accuracy of product quality testing and the reliability of component analysis. In their daily operations, dairy industry laboratories need to conduct experiments centered on core requirements such as raw milk freshness testing, protein/fat content analysis of finished dairy products, and microbial index monitoring-all of which impose extremely high demands on the real-time performance, accuracy, and integrity of data acquisition, and present the characteristics of "high-frequency testing+data diversity". Combined with the practical needs of dairy industry laboratories in quality testing, component analysis, and other aspects, this study systematically analyzed the current status and challenges of data acquisition in dairy industry laboratories. It conducted an in-depth examination of five mainstream data acquisition methods: direct database acquisition, report export acquisition, serial port protocol acquisition, sensor-based automatic acquisition and machine vision-based acquisition, while elaborating on their principles, processes, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, by integrating practical cases in dairy product testing scenarios, this study provided references for laboratories to accurately select efficient data acquisition solutions based on their own priorities in quality control, types of analysis projects, and other needs. It aims to facilitate the upgrading of laboratory digital management, improve the efficiency of scientific research and testing, and provide technical support for the construction of a dairy product safety assurance system.
Camel milk is gaining global attention as a natural functional food due to its unique nutritional components and bioactive substances. However, during transportation and storage, the quality of camel milk is significantly susceptible to various environmental factors. This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which factors such as temperature, time, microorganisms, freeze-thaw cycles, light, transportation oscillation, sanitary conditions, and transportation equipment affect camel milk quality. Existing studies indicate that improper temperature control accelerates microbial proliferation and physicochemical deterioration; prolonged storage time leads to a decrease in pH value, fat rising, and protein hydrolysis; psychrophilic bacteria and other microorganisms remain active under refrigeration conditions, causing fat and protein decomposition; repeated freeze-thaw cycles promote an increase in total bacterial count; light exposure induces fat oxidation and protein denaturation; transportation oscillation disrupts the emulsion system and activates lipase activity; and inadequate sanitary conditions and transportation equipment increase the risk of microbial contamination. Currently, standards for camel milk transportation and storage remain primarily at regional and industry levels, with no unified national standard established. Future research should strengthen studies on multi-factor synergistic effects, develop intelligent monitoring methods based on technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data, and optimize storage and transportation parameters as well as cold chain facilities, thereby providing a theoretical basis for ensuring camel milk quality, improving the standard system, and promoting the high-quality development of the camel milk industry.
Whey protein, characterized by a high branched-chain amino acid content, rapid gastrointestinal absorption, and multiple bioactive components, represents one of the most extensively studied protein sources in sports nutrition. This review systematically examined the molecular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and emerging research directions of whey protein in the context of sports nutrition. At the mechanistic level, whey protein stimulates muscle protein synthesis primarily through activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, attenuates central fatigue via modulation of the tryptophan-serotonin axis, and reinforces post-exercise immune function through the concerted actions of immunoglobulins and lactoferrin. Clinically, accumulating evidence supports its efficacy in promoting resistance training-induced hypertrophy, accelerating endurance recovery, facilitating body composition management, and sustaining immune homeostasis during intensive training. Recent advances include co-formulation with collagen to simultaneously target myofibrillar and connective tissue protein synthesis, nano-encapsulation for enhanced bioavailability, and genotype-informed supplementation strategies based on polymorphisms such as ACTN3. Concurrently, membrane filtration and precision fermentation technologies are expanding the sustainable production of functional whey proteins. As multi-omics profiling and artificial intelligence converge with nutritional science, individualized whey protein protocols calibrated to genotype, metabolic phenotype, and training load are becoming increasingly feasible.
This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine compound and western medicine on retained placenta in dairy cows.
A total of 45 healthy adult dairy cows that failed to expel fetal membranes within 6 h after calving were randomly divided into three groups: traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group, western medicine group, and control group, with 15 cows in each group. Cows in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group were administered a compound herbal decoction, cows in the western medicine group received intramuscular injection of cloprostenol sodium, while no treatment was applied in the control group. Placental expulsion time, placental expulsion rate within 48 h, serum IL-6 level, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum biochemical parameters, milk yield during the first postpartum week, and feed intake were determined.
The results showed that the placental expulsion time in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group (8.4 ± 2.1) h was significantly shorter than that in the control group (18.6 ± 3.5) h and was comparable to that in the western medicine group (7.8±2.3) h. The placental expulsion rate within 48 h reached 86.7% in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (46.7%) (P < 0.05). In addition, serum IL-6 level and WBC count were significantly reduced in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group (P < 0.05). Liver function indicators, including ALT, AST, LDH, TP, ALB, and GGT, were also markedly improved compared with the control group. Furthermore, average milk yield and feed intake during the first postpartum week in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group were (146.2 ± 10.5) kg and (18.6 ± 1.7) kg/d, respectively, both significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).
Overall, the results indicate that the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine compound has favorable clinical efficacy in treating retained placenta in dairy cows. It not only effectively promotes placental expulsion, but also improves inflammatory response, metabolic function, and production performance, showing good application prospects. This study provides experimental evidence for the green prevention and control of obstetric diseases in dairy cows.
To establish a multiplex qRT-PCR method for detecting calf diarrhea disease, aiming to simultaneously and rapidly detect multiple pathogens that cause diarrhea in calves.
This study searched for conserved gene sequences of various pathogens causing diarrhea in calves as target genes, designing specific primers and probes, constructing plasmid standards, optimizing primer concentrations and annealing temperatures, and testing their sensitivity, specificity, and clinical sample validation.
A multiplex qRT-PCR method for detecting calf diarrhea disease was successfully established using 103 copies/μL plasmid as the standard.The reaction system consisted are 10 μL 2 × Fast-Start Universal SYBR Green Master, 0.5 μL upstream primer, 0.5 μL downstream primer, 1 μL template, 8 μL sterilized ultrapure water, and a total reaction volume of 20 μL. The reaction conditions are: 95 ℃ for 3 minutes; 94 ℃ for 20 seconds, 56 ℃ for 15 seconds, 72 ℃ for 30 seconds, 36 cycles; 72 ℃ for 5 minutes. The detection sensitivity is 1 copy/μL, and there is no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. The intra-group and inter-group coefficients of variation are both less than 2%. Among 315 clinical fecal samples of diarrheal calves, a total of 248 are detected as positive (78.73%), and 42 are positive for mixed infections (13.33%), which is completely consistent with the positive detection rate of the single PCR detection method.
This study successfully established a multiplex qRT-PCR method capable of simultaneously detecting six pathogens responsible for calf diarrhea. The method exhibits a detection sensitivity of up to 1 copy/μL for plasmid DNA, shows no cross-reactivity with other common pathogens, and achieves a 100% concordance rate with single PCR method in the detection of 315 clinical samples.
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