Taking traditional Xizang dairy products as the core research subject, this paper conducted a systematic investigation into their historical context, technological characteristics, cultural connotations, regional differences and contemporary development. It clarified their dual attributes as a survival tool and spiritual carrier in the cultural dimension: serving as not only a "white energy reservoir" against the extreme cold, but also a bond fostering family ethics and community mutual aid, as well as a common offering in Tibetan Buddhism. The Shoton Festival and related folk tales further endow them with distinct cultural symbolism. Compared with dairy products from Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, traditional Xizang dairy products exhibit prominent regional traits of high fat content and strong acidity in flavor. In the contemporary era, the industry has formed a craft inheritance system integrating "family inheritance, intangible cultural heritage workshops and academic cultivation", and has initially taken shape with the industrial pattern of "source-based oriented milk procurement, standardized processing and diversified markets". Nevertheless, it still faces challenges including inadequate quality control of milk sources, outdated processing technology, weak brand influence and inadequate cultural integration. To address these issues, this paper proposed multi-dimensional solutions: achieving synergy between "intangible cultural heritage protection" and "industrial upgrading" through optimizing milk supply, upgrading processing technologies, strengthening brand construction and deepening cultural-tourism integration. For the first time, this paper systematically and rigorously constructs an analytical framework of "history-technology-culture-industry" for traditional Xizang dairy products, which naturally and convincingly verifies their value as a paradigm of cultural adaptation in plateau civilization. Consequently, it offers solid theoretical support and practical pathways for the high-quality development of traditional Xizang dairy products and the protection of global distinctive traditional food heritage.

In recent years, consumers' attention to the health attributes of food has been continuously increasing, and "reducing sugar and fat" has become a new demand for product development. Traditional ice cream products, due to their high sugar and high fat properties, have witnessed a year-on-year decline in market sales. Therefore, developing a new product that combines the health benefits with the sensory characteristics of ice cream-a refrigerated and frozen "dual consumption" fully fermented ice cream yogurt (which remains in a yogurt state at 2~6 ℃ and in an ice cream state at 18 ℃) is expected to gain consumers' attention and favor. This paper elaborated on the definitions of ice cream and yogurt and the current development status of the industry, analyzed the microbiological basis of fully fermented products, and discussed the formulation design and texture regulation strategies of refrigerated and frozen "dual consumption" refrigerated and frozen ice cream yogurt. Finally, it summarized the challenges and future development trends faced in the current industrialization process.

Heat stress poses a significant challenge to the ruminant livestock industry under the context of global warming, severely impacting animal production performance, immune function, and reproductive efficiency. Chromium, as an essential trace element for animals, plays a key role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and maintaining immune function. This review summarized the detrimental effects of heat stress on ruminants and its underlying mechanisms, and introduced the sources, types, and application effects of chromium under heat stress conditions. It focused on the ameliorative effects of chromium supplementation on the lactation performance, growth performance, and reproductive performance of ruminants. Furthermore, the review explored the mechanisms of action, including enhancing insulin sensitivity, regulating glucose metabolism, improving antioxidant capacity, boosting immune function, and modulating the rumen microbiota. This review also analyzed existing research limitations, such as insufficient comparability among different chromium sources and the lack of standardized dosage, and proposed future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for alleviating heat stress in ruminants.

Heat stress is a critical environmental factor impairing reproductive performance in dairy cows during summer, with particularly detrimental effects on early embryonic survival. This review systematically summarized the impacts and underlying mechanisms of heat stress on early embryo survival in dairy cows. It begins by outlining the assessment indicators of heat stress and its multifaceted reproductive consequences, including abnormal estrus, reduced fertilization rates, and increased embryonic mortality. The mechanisms are then analyzed from both maternal and embryonic perspectives. On the maternal side, heat stress disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, elevates reproductive tract temperature, and alters uterine blood flow and endometrial secretory functions, thereby compromising the embryonic microenvironment. On the embryonic side, heat stress induces oocyte aging, interferes with embryonic genome activation, triggers apoptosis, and disturbs redox homeostasis, with embryonic stage and genotype playing key roles in differential thermotolerance. Furthermore, this review summarized commonly applied interventions in dairy production, such as timed ovulation-fixed-time insemination, GnRH/hCG administration, and progesterone supplementation, aimed at mitigating the negative effects of heat stress on embryo survival. This review aimed to provide both theoretical foundations and practical strategies for improving dairy cow reproductive performance during hot seasons.

The immune function of dairy ruminants is a core factor in safeguarding their health status, production performance, and product quality. Nutrients, as the material basis for life activities, also serve as key signaling molecules regulating immune function. Through multiple pathways, such as directly acting on immune cells or indirectly modulating the gastrointestinal microbiota, nutrients profoundly influence the immune function of dairy ruminants. This paper systematically reviewed the direct regulatory mechanisms of key nutrients, such as amino acids and fatty acids, on immune cells, the indirect immune regulatory pathways of nutrients via the gastrointestinal microbiota and their metabolites, the role of nutrients in maintaining the intestinal physical and immune barrier, and the functions of nutrients in alleviating oxidative stress and regulating the balance of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it summarized application strategies for immune enhancement, including the use of functional feed additives, precision nutrition, and phase-feeding. The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for formulating precision nutrition plans, enhancing immunity, and promoting healthy farming practices for dairy ruminants.

To accurately assess the financial performance of Bright Dairy and reveal its value creation capabilities and operational shortcomings, this study constructed a comprehensive performance evaluation system with Economic Value Added (EVA) as the core metric, supplemented by traditional financial indicators. By collecting Bright Dairy's financial data over the past five years and employing EVA adjustment calculations, comparative analysis, and industry benchmarking methods, the study systematically evaluated its financial performance. The results show: Bright Dairy's EVA exhibits a fluctuating upward trend, with steadily improving value creation capabilities. However.due to rising raw material prices and intensified market competition.its EVA growth rate falls below the industry average, and deficiencies persist in cost control and asset operational efficiency. The findings indicated that EVA more accurately reflects Bright Dairy's actual operational performance. The company needs to optimize its cost management system, enhance asset turnover efficiency, and strengthen core business competitiveness to further boost value creation capabilities and support sustainable development.

This paper systematically sorted out the evolutionary trajectory and theoretical basis of land supporting policies for dairy farming in China, and focused on the core restrictive role of the carrying capacity logic in ruminant breeding. Through policy text analysis and empirical literature research, it revealed structural predicaments faced by large-scale dairy farming at present, such as soaring feed costs and difficulties in manure disposal caused by insufficient supporting land. Combined with the cyclical fluctuation characteristics of the current dairy market, this paper demonstrated the vital significance of mandatory supporting forage land in cost reduction, efficiency improvement and industrial resilience enhancement. It was suggested to integrate the carrying capacity logic into the approval system for dairy farm construction, and pilot a rigid linkage mechanism between breeding scale and land area in major northern producing provinces, so as to provide institutional support for the high-quality development of the dairy industry.