Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen causing mastitis in dairy cows. Its virulence factors and antibiotic resistance have significant impacts on host health and dairy product production. Virulence factors such as biofilms, enterotoxins, and hemolysins can promote the colonization and persistent infection of pathogens in the breast, while the antibacterial resistance genes carried further increase the difficulty of treatment. With the advancement of molecular biology and genomics techniques, the interaction between virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus and the mechanism of antibacterial resistance has gradually been revealed. This paper summarizes the research progress in recent years on the virulence factors and antibacterial resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis, analyzes the synergy between the two and their impact on the infection process, and explores the regulatory effect of antibacterial drugs on the virulence and drug resistance of pathogens, aiming to provide theoretical support for the precise prevention and control of bovine mastitis and the rational use of antibacterial drugs.

Bovine tuberculosis （BT） is a chronic wasting disease primarily caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex（MTBC）,with a particularly high susceptibility among dairy cows. It is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human health and the livestock industry,and has been designated as a disease to be eradicated by many developed countries. Despite significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of bovine tuberculosis,it continues to pose a serious threat to global cattle health. Early detection of epidemics remains a major challenge for public health surveillance worldwide. Establishing an early warning system based on statistical data can assist in the early detection of bovine tuberculosis and has become an important method for controlling its spread. This paper reviewed the current status of bovine tuberculosis,common detection methods,and early warning systems,with the aim of providing references for comprehensive prevention and control of the disease.

30 Carbon Peak,60 Carbon Neutrality is an important goal for achieving ecological civilization in our country.As a part of animal husbandry,the dairy industry not only provides high-quality milk to residents but also generates a large amount of greenhouse gases such as methane （CH₄）and nitrous（N₂O）.Under the impetus of the dual Carbon Goals ,the dairy industry is inevitably turning to a low carbon,green,and high-quality development path.This paper elaborated on the importance of green development in the dairy industry,effective ways to promote green development in the dairy industry,and took Dongying City as example to analyze the measures taken by Dongying City to promote green farming and the results achieved,laying a foundation for the high-quality development of the dairy industry.

Common abomasum diseases in dairy cows include abomasum food accumulation,abomasum gastritis,abomasum displacement,etc.The loss of appetite and rumination of sick dairy cows cause abomasum,epigastrium secret knot and rumen gas,which seriously affects production performance and service life.In order to improve the prevention and treatment effect of common abomasum diseases in dairy cows,this paper summarized the causes,clinical symptoms,diagnosis and treatment methods of these diseases,in order to help the healthy breeding of dairy cows in pasture.

Dairy goats and sheep are one of the earliest domestic animals domesticated by humans in the world,and they are important components of dairy livestock,mainly distributed in Asia,Africa,Europe and other regions. Dairy goats and sheep provide humans with high-quality milk and products for human beings,and their derivatives also have important cultural and economic value. European dairy goats and sheep occupy an important position in the global dairy market,and their breed,technology,management and marketing set a benchmark for the global dairy goats and sheep industry. This review systematically analyzed the development status of dairy goats and sheep industry in Europe,and combed the experiences of European countries in variety improvement,production management and market sales of dairy goats and sheep,in order to provide implications for the development of dairy goats and sheep industry in China.

[Objective] Early embryonic mortality（EEM）is a critical bottleneck issue affecting reproductive efficiency and production profitability in large-scale dairy farms. [Method] This study systematically analyzed the influencing factors of EEM in a large-scale dairy farm in Xinjiang from 2022 to 2023 by examining reproductive management records,clinical observations,laboratory testing,and feeding management data. Based on the findings,targeted comprehensive prevention measures were proposed to improve reproductive efficiency in large-scale dairy farms. [Result] The annual average incidence of EEM in the farm during 2022-2023 was 28.75%,with environmental factors accounting for 29.77%,reproductive and genetic factors for 27.64%,reproductive technical factors for 18.34%,nutritional factors for 17.34%,management factors for 5.40%,and disease factors for 1.51%. These were identified as the primary causes of high EEM incidence. [Conclusion] Based on the investigation,this study proposed an integrated prevention strategy encompassing digitalized environmental control optimization,forage safety inspection,precise nutritional regulation,postpartum uterine health program optimization,double-Ovsynch timed artificial insemination,genomic selection,disease biosecurity,and management optimization. By applying this strategy in 2024,the farm reduced EEM incidence to 18.45%,significantly improving herd reproductive performance and farm profitability. This study provides a basis and reference for reducing EEM in large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang and nationwide.

Early embryonic loss in dairy cows is a key factor affecting reproductive efficiency,primarily occurring within 42 days after fertilization,with a loss rate as high as 40%~60%. This paper systematically elaborated on the definition,occurrence patterns,and influencing factors of early embryonic loss,including embryo quality,maternal physiological status,and environmental management. Embryonic loss is closely associated with genetic defects,gamete quality,endocrine disorders,diseases,and heat stress. In response to these factors,this paper proposed comprehensive preventive measures,such as optimizing genetic selection,strengthening nutritional management,disease prevention and control,and reproductive technology interventions. Through scientific management,the rate of early embryonic loss can be effectively reduced,thereby improving the economic efficiency of dairy farming.

Early embryonic death in dairy cows is a critical issue constraining reproductive efficiency on farms,with a prevalence rate of 20%~30% in Chinese dairy herds and annual economic losses exceeding tens of millions of yuan. This paper systematically analyzed the multifactorial interaction mechanisms leading to early embryonic death,including physiological,nutritional,pathogenic,and management-related factors. To address these causes,the study proposes an integrated prevention strategy comprising precision nutritional regulation,optimized reproductive management,enhanced disease control,and the application of new technologies.Practical implementation at a large-scale dairy farm demonstrated that these comprehensive measures significantly reduced embryonic mortality and improved economic outcomes. The research provided scientific evidence and practical techniques for reducing reproductive costs and enhancing production efficiency,offering significant implications for promoting sustainable development in the dairy industry.

Early Embryonic Death （EED） in dairy cows is a critical issue limiting reproductive efficiency in the dairy industry,with an incidence rate as high as 20%~30%,significantly affecting conception rates. This paper systematically elaborated on the definition,classification,and mechanisms of EED,analyzing influencing factors from multiple perspectives,including the embryo itself,maternal factors,paternal contributions,and environmental conditions. It also detailed pregnancy diagnosis techniques and characteristics of embryonic loss at various stages. A series of precise prevention and control strategies are proposed,such as optimizing feeding management,improving reproductive technologies,enhancing health management,and establishing monitoring systems,aiming to reduce embryonic loss and improve reproductive efficiency. This study provided theoretical and practical guidance for the dairy farming industry.

[Objective]To explore the influence of starch content in health food flavored fermented milk on the detection of sucrose and total sugar.[Method]As conventional physicochemical indicators and national risk random inspection items for health food flavored fermented milk,the detection results of sucrose and total sugar may vary with different pretreatment methods. In this study,sample pretreatment was carried out on health food flavored fermented milk with the same formula,and the pretreatment time of starch-containing and starch-free samples was compared and analyzed. [Result]The pretreatment time of starch-containing samples was 117 minutes longer than that of starch-free samples.[Conclusion]The experimental data can provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimized production of health food flavored fermented milk.