Early Embryonic Death （EED） in dairy cows is a critical issue limiting reproductive efficiency in the dairy industry,with an incidence rate as high as 20%~30%,significantly affecting conception rates. This paper systematically elaborated on the definition,classification,and mechanisms of EED,analyzing influencing factors from multiple perspectives,including the embryo itself,maternal factors,paternal contributions,and environmental conditions. It also detailed pregnancy diagnosis techniques and characteristics of embryonic loss at various stages. A series of precise prevention and control strategies are proposed,such as optimizing feeding management,improving reproductive technologies,enhancing health management,and establishing monitoring systems,aiming to reduce embryonic loss and improve reproductive efficiency. This study provided theoretical and practical guidance for the dairy farming industry.

dairy cows  /  early embryonic death  /  reproductive efficiency  /  influencing factors  /  prevention and control strategies