An original strategy for immobilization of photocatalyst on the gelatinous membrane surface to fabricate the composite photocatalytic membrane through submerged precipitated phase inversion method based on the gel property of organic casting solution was proposed to solve the problem of membrane fouling and photocatalyst recovery. The effect of photocatalyst on the structure and performance of the composite photocatalytic membrane was studied systematically. With the increase of photocatalyst load, the micropore of the composite photocatalytic membrane was occupied by the photocatalyst to form a uniform and complete photocatalytic layer, which contributed to improve the optical property, hydrophilicity and water flux of the composite photocatalytic membrane. The water flux was 628L/(m²·h), 92.76% and 41.53% of fluvastatin and TOC were removed by the composite photocatalytic membrane with ZnIn₂S₄ loading of 1.2mg/cm². Compared with PVDF membrane, the permeability and photocatalytic performance were enhanced and the stability of performance was demonstrated during the long-term operation. The outstanding antifouling performance of the composite photocatalytic membrane was confirmed due to the photocatalytic degradation of pollutant adsorbed on the membrane surface or pore. The stable immobilization of photocatalyst and efficient utilization of incident light were simultaneously achieved for the composite photocatalytic membrane. The structure and performance of the composite photocatalytic membrane were also regulated. A feasible way for beneficial combination of photocatalysis and membrane separation was provided.

Supported bimetallic Pd-Rh catalysts were prepared using the impregnation method. The effects of the active components content and the carrier on the catalytic activity of the bimetallic Pd-Rh catalysts were investigated with 4-fluorophenol (4-FP) as the representative fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs). The results showed that the presence of Rh significantly enhanced their catalytic activity for the hydrodefluorination (HDF) of 4-FP, and 2% Pd-1% Rh/AC exhibited good catalytic activity for the HDF of 4-FP, and the conversion of 4-FP over 2% Pd-1% Rh/AC reached 95.62% within 90min. Furthermore, the type of the carrier played a significant role on the catalytic activity of bimetallic Pd-Rh catalysts. 2%Pd-1%Rh/CB exhibited the highest catalytic activity for the HDF of 4-FP when carbon black (CB) was used as a carrier, and thus the complete HDF of 4-FP was achieved within 80min. Catalyst characterization (BET, ICP-MS, RS, TEM, and XPS) indicated that the carriers with more surface defects favored the catalysts exhibited higher catalytic activity, which in turn enabled 2%Pd-1%Rh/CB and 2%Pd-1%Rh/CNTs to exhibit higher catalytic activity for the HDF of 4-FP. Moreover, 2%Pd-1%Rh/CB possessed more Pd⁰, which is more conducive to the activation of the H₂, and in turn promoted catalytic HDF of 4-FP. Thus, 2%Pd-1%Rh/CB possessed the highest catalytic activity for the HDF of 4-FP.

A spherical Co-based catalyst (Co-BC) was successfully synthesized via ion-exchange and molding (drying, binding, rolling, calcination) using ZSM-5 as support and Co(NO₃)₂ as active component, with ultralow Co content (0.94wt.%). Multiple characterizations (EDS/XRD/ICP/XPS) demonstrated Co-BC's efficient PMS activation for aqueous acetone (CVOC model) degradation. Under the conditions of 5×10^-6acetone (initial pH=7), 7.5mmol/L PMS dosage, 10g/L Co-BC dosage, the removal efficiency of acetone can reach 100% in 2hours, with a pseudo first order kinetic constant of 0.077min^-1. Radical quenching experiment and electron spin-resonance spectrometer (ESR) characterization results indicated that the excellent performance was attributed to synergy of radicals (SO₄^·-, ^·OH, O₂^·-) and nonradical (¹O₂). Co-BC performed good removal efficiency (70%~100%) for acetone within a wide pH range (3~11). After being reused for 5times, Co-BC still exhibited a removal rate of 90% for acetone. The Co leaching amount from the Co-BC/PMS system was merely 0.61mg/L, well within the national wastewater discharge limit of 1mg/L and significantly lower than that (9.86mg/L) of the powder catalyst under identical conditions, demonstrating the superior catalytic performance and stability of Co-BC.

A fully symmetric "dual-anion membrane" flow-electrode capacitive deionization (SFCDI) device was developed for treating wastewater containing hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)). By employing dual anion-exchange membranes and operating in a short-circuit discharge mode, efficient Cr(Ⅵ) removal can be achieved without the need for high concentration background ions. Results showed that, a key feature of this configuration is its ability to prevent Cr³⁺ back-diffusion and total chromium concentration rebound, which are common issues in traditional FCDI systems using cation-exchange membranes. Under conditions of 1.2V applied voltage and an initial pH of 5.0, the SFCDI reduced the Cr(Ⅵ) concentration from 50mg/L to 0.41mg/L within 150minutes, achieving a total chromium removal efficiency of 97.55% with an energy consumption of only 0.12kWh/m³. Compared to traditional FCDI, SFCDI significantly improved the total chromium removal efficiency while effectively preventing Cr³⁺ backflow. Further research systematically analyzed the effects of voltage, activated carbon content, pH, and coexisting anions on performance and demonstrated the applicability and stability of SFCDI in continuous operation and actual electroplating wastewater treatment. Within 180minutes, the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) in actual electroplating wastewater reached 97.68%, showcasing its potential as a green, efficient, and low-energy solution.

Developing a new method based on flow cytometry for rapid determination of the number of microplastics in drinking water, in response to the lack of rapid monitoring techniques that do not require visual sorting or pre-processing. The results showed that the use of Nile red dye (NR), methanol as the solvent, a dye concentration of 10μg/mL, a dyeing time of 10minutes, and flow cytometry for the quantitative analysis of microplastics in water, could reduce the testing time of a single sample to less than 14minutes. This method was used to analyse microplastics in influent and effluent water from a commercial bottled water plant and an ultrafiltration membrane. The results showed that the microplastic concentration in commercial bottled water was in the range (0.46~1.52)×10⁵ particles/L. The newly used polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane posed a higher risk of releasing microplastics only during the initial filtration stage (1d), and the release of microplastics during long-term operation could be disregarded. This new membrane's microplastic release could be analysed with 99.99% efficiency and effectiveness. Additionally, it can efficiently and effectively remove 99.99% of microplastics from feed water.

In response to the combined inhibition effects of sodium salt, heavy metals and antibiotics in the practical application of high-load anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of food waste (FW) and waste activates sludge (WAS), a series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the individual and combined inhibitory effects of sodium salt (1~16g Na⁺/L), zinc ion (180~900mg Zn²⁺/L) and ciprofloxacin (5~60mg CIP/L) on the freshly discharged sludge and room temperature stored sludge from the high-load AcoD system. The results of single inhibition batch experiments indicated that the inhibition strengths of the three inhibitors on methanogenic efficiency were in the following order: CIP > Zn²⁺ > Na⁺. Furthermore, the results of the combined inhibition tests showed that the combined inhibition rate of high concentrations of Na⁺, Zn²⁺ and CIP was as high as 97.8% for the freshly discharged sludge. However, the combined inhibition rates were reduced to 74.4%~92.2% for the stored sludge under the room temperature. The reasons for the differences between the fresh sludge and storage sludge suffering three inhibitors may be due to the formation of more extracellular polymers for the stored sludge under room temperature. Meanwhile, the room temperature storage condition also changed the interaction patterns of the three inhibitors. The results of high-throughput microbial sequencing showed that Methanosarcina spp. with a small change in relative abundance (96.0%) and Firmicutes with an increase in relative abundance (31%~54.1%) in the sludge after room-temperature storage significantly enhanced the combined inhibitory thresholds of the three inhibitors, providing a better way to enhance the stability regulation of high-load AcoD in the coexistence of multiple inhibitors.

To comparatively investigate the influences of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) on the composting maturity of pig manure, fresh pig manure and corn stalks were utilized as raw materials. Based on aerobic composting, 3V DC and 3V AC were respectively applied, with no electric field application serving as the control (CK). A 42-day composting experiment was carried out. The results demonstrated that the high-temperature periods (>50℃) of the CK, DC, and AC treatments lasted for 9, 9, and 8days respectively, and the maximum temperatures were 68.3, 69.3, and 76.5℃ respectively. At the conclusion of composting, the pH values of the CK, DC, and AC treatments were 7.71, 7.92, and 7.61 respectively, the EC values were 3.75, 3.11, and 3.82mS/cm respectively, and the C/N ratios were 11.40, 10.51, and 11.96 respectively. The physicochemical properties of the compost in each treatment conformed to the basic requirements for harmlessness. At the end of composting, the moisture contents of the CK, DC, and AC treatments were 55.35%, 54.70%, and 45.45% respectively, the seed germination indices (GI) were 76%, 99%, and 87% respectively, and the ratios of humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) were 1.53, 2.03, and 1.62 respectively. In summary, DC reduced the composting maturity time by 18%, and the effect of DC in promoting the composting maturity of pig manure was superior to that of AC. AC increased the maximum temperature of the compost by approximately 8℃, but it significantly decreased the moisture content of the compost.

This study analyzed the soils from riparian zones with different water level elevations in the Chongqing metropolitan area. The effects of soil Fe/Mn minerals and aggregate composition/stability on nitrogen and phosphorus under different urbanization levels and water level elevations were investigated by methods including wet sieving of aggregates, selective extraction, regression analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that no significant differences in iron and manganese speciation across urbanization or water level elevation gradients, with the riparian soils mainly composed of free iron oxide and amorphous manganese oxide. The composition and stability of soil aggregates exhibited significant differences across different urbanization and water level elevation gradients. The >2mm aggregates and aggregate stability increased with increasing water level elevation, while the<0.053mm aggregates exhibited an inverse relationship. At 165m water level elevation, county areas exhibited higher proportions of the >2mm aggregates and greater aggregate stability compared to the metropolitan core. TN and TP were significantly varied in different urbanized areas, with higher levels observed in the metropolitan core compared to county areas. TN, AN and AP increased with the increase of aggregate stability in the metropolitan core, whereas TP decreased with the increase of aggregate stability in the county areas. The content of TN, TP, AN and AP were (756.33±198.27)mg/kg, (399.97±108.25)mg/kg, (27.84±15.58)mg/kg and (15.03±11.15)mg/kg, respectively. The structural equation modeling results showed that soil pH regulated nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in the riparian zone mainly by influencing the speciation of Fe, Mn minerals and the stability of the aggregates. In conclusion, the risks of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the metropolitan core are higher than that in the county areas, whereas water level elevation exhibited no significant impact on the pollution across the study area. Stabilized soil aggregates and Fe, Mn oxides can effectively immobilize nitrogen and phosphorus, thereby mitigating water pollution risks.

A 14-d indoor simulated short-duration rainfall (10min for a single rainfall) experiment was conducted with different rainfall intensities (60, 90, 120 and 180mm/h) and slope gradients (0°, 5°, 10° and 20°) to observe the runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss from the soil of sloping croplands. We investigated the migration characteristics of MPs in the horizontal and vertical directions of soil after rainfall, and explored the effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on soil MPs migration in sloping croplands. The results showed that: Under short-duration rainfall of 60and 90mm/h treatment, no runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss were observed. The runoff (213.11~261.70mm) and sediment yield (1191.68~1391.40g/m²) and MPs loss (23113~39953n/m²) increased with the increase of rainfall intensity in the rest of the treatments. The runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss were all zero at 0° slope gradient, and MPs loss was significantly higher at 20° (34570.92n/m²) than at 10° (23113.37n/m²). The MPs loss showed a firstly increasing and then decreasing trend along with the simulated rainfall experiment, and the MPs loss showed a significant positive correlation with both runoff and sediment yield (P<0.05). The total amount of MPs migration in the horizontal direction in surface soil ranged from 4.73 to 31.00n/g, which decreased with the increase of distance. There was a positive correlation between the amount of horizontal MPs migration and rainfall intensities (P>0.05). The total amount of vertical migration of MPs in soil column ranged from 1.41to 11.59n/g, which decreased with the increase of soil depth. The amount of vertical MPs migration showed a positive correlation with rainfall intensities and slopes (P>0.05). The results indicate that extreme rainfalls of short-duration lead to soil MPs loss from sloping croplands, and rainfall intensity and slope gradient are important factors affecting the MPs loss and changing the MPs distribution in soil.

The effects of two polarity fractions of pig manure DOM on the transport of doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and sulfamethazine in the surface and subsurface soils of a Lei bamboo forest were examined in this study. The results of batch experiment showed that the addition of the hydrophilic fraction of pig manure DOM significantly reduced the adsorption of doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol in the soils, while the addition of the hydrophobic fraction of pig manure DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption of doxycycline and sulfamethazine. It was found that enrofloxacin and doxycycline could not break through any of the tested soil columns. The additions of either polarity fraction of pig manure DOM decreased the breakthrough recovery of florfenicol in surface soil columns by 2.25% and 20.43%, respectively, while the addition of either DOM fraction greatly increased the breakthrough recovery of florfenicol in subsurface soil columns (to nearly 100%). In surface soil columns, the addition of the hydrophilic fraction of pig manure DOM increased the breakthrough recovery of sulfamethazine, while the addition of the hydrophilic fraction of pig manure DOM decreased the breakthrough recovery of sulfamethazine. In subsurface soil columns, the addition of either DOM fractions markedly decreased the breakthrough recovery of sulfamethazine. Irrespective of the addition of hydrophilic/hydrophobic fraction of pig DOM, florfenicol exhibited a higher breakthrough recovery than sulfamethazine, implying that florfenicol has the highest leaching risk.