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Rapid measurement of microplastics in drinking water by flow cytometry
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Hai-xin BU1, Sen-lin SHAO2, Kai LI1, *, Gang WEN1, Ting-lin HUANG1
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(7) : 3807 - 3813
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(7): 3807-3813
• Water Pollution Control •
Rapid measurement of microplastics in drinking water by flow cytometry
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Hai-xin BU1, Sen-lin SHAO2, Kai LI1, *, Gang WEN1, Ting-lin HUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Published: 2025-07-20
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Developing a new method based on flow cytometry for rapid determination of the number of microplastics in drinking water, in response to the lack of rapid monitoring techniques that do not require visual sorting or pre-processing. The results showed that the use of Nile red dye (NR), methanol as the solvent, a dye concentration of 10μg/mL, a dyeing time of 10minutes, and flow cytometry for the quantitative analysis of microplastics in water, could reduce the testing time of a single sample to less than 14minutes. This method was used to analyse microplastics in influent and effluent water from a commercial bottled water plant and an ultrafiltration membrane. The results showed that the microplastic concentration in commercial bottled water was in the range (0.46~1.52)×105 particles/L. The newly used polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane posed a higher risk of releasing microplastics only during the initial filtration stage (1d), and the release of microplastics during long-term operation could be disregarded. This new membrane's microplastic release could be analysed with 99.99% efficiency and effectiveness. Additionally, it can efficiently and effectively remove 99.99% of microplastics from feed water.

microplastics  /  quantitative analysis  /  flow cytometry  /  bottled water  /  ultrafiltration membrane
步海鑫, 邵森林, 李凯, 文刚, 黄廷林. 流式细胞仪快速计量饮用水中微塑料数量. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (7) : 3807 -3813 .
Hai-xin BU, Sen-lin SHAO, Kai LI, Gang WEN, Ting-lin HUANG. Rapid measurement of microplastics in drinking water by flow cytometry[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (7) : 3807 -3813 .
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 7
78
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  • Receive Date：2024-12-18
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
  • Published：2025-07-20
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History
  • Received：2024-12-18
Funding
Affiliations
    1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
    2.School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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