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A 14-d indoor simulated short-duration rainfall (10min for a single rainfall) experiment was conducted with different rainfall intensities (60, 90, 120 and 180mm/h) and slope gradients (0°, 5°, 10° and 20°) to observe the runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss from the soil of sloping croplands. We investigated the migration characteristics of MPs in the horizontal and vertical directions of soil after rainfall, and explored the effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on soil MPs migration in sloping croplands. The results showed that: Under short-duration rainfall of 60and 90mm/h treatment, no runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss were observed. The runoff (213.11~261.70mm) and sediment yield (1191.68~1391.40g/m2) and MPs loss (23113~39953n/m2) increased with the increase of rainfall intensity in the rest of the treatments. The runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss were all zero at 0° slope gradient, and MPs loss was significantly higher at 20° (34570.92n/m2) than at 10° (23113.37n/m2). The MPs loss showed a firstly increasing and then decreasing trend along with the simulated rainfall experiment, and the MPs loss showed a significant positive correlation with both runoff and sediment yield (P<0.05). The total amount of MPs migration in the horizontal direction in surface soil ranged from 4.73 to 31.00n/g, which decreased with the increase of distance. There was a positive correlation between the amount of horizontal MPs migration and rainfall intensities (P>0.05). The total amount of vertical migration of MPs in soil column ranged from 1.41to 11.59n/g, which decreased with the increase of soil depth. The amount of vertical MPs migration showed a positive correlation with rainfall intensities and slopes (P>0.05). The results indicate that extreme rainfalls of short-duration lead to soil MPs loss from sloping croplands, and rainfall intensity and slope gradient are important factors affecting the MPs loss and changing the MPs distribution in soil.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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