Three Ru-based catalysts were synthesized using in-situ synthesis, impregnation, and deposition-precipitation methods in combination with MFI zeolites to investigate their catalytic oxidation activity toward propane (C₃H₈). The catalyst synthesized via the in-situ method, denoted as Ru@MFI, exhibited the highest low-temperature oxidation activity, achieving a 90% conversion rate at 270℃, along with remarkable thermal stability at high temperatures and hydrophobicity. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM), and temperature-programmed desorption of CO (CO-TPD), revealed that Ru confined within the MFI zeolite channels possessed the smallest particle size and highest dispersion, thereby increasing the number of active Ru sites. Further characterization using Raman spectroscopy and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) indicated that interactions between Ru and the MFI framework led to a redistribution of charge around Ru or oxygen, enhancing the reduction capabilities.Consequently, the Ru@MFI catalyst demonstrated superior propane oxidation activity. Additionally, the geometric confinement within the MFI channels maintained the stability and dispersion of Ru species during high-temperature calcination, effectively preventing Ru aggregation and further ensuring the catalyst's high-temperature thermal stability.

Two typical PA membranes, m-phenylenediamine-trimesoyl chloride and piperazine-trimesoyl chloride, are introduced and their latest chlorine destruction mechanisms are analyzed in depth. On this basis, the chlorine-resistant modification methods for these two membranes are further discussed, including changing the monomer structure, intrinsic doping techniques, physical coating methods and chemical grafting methods. The latest research research advances in the field of chlorinated PA membrane remediation are briefly discussed, including the reduction method after initial chlorination and the remediation with repair agent after chlorination degradation. The analysis shows that the development of chlorine-resistant PA membranes is still facing great challenges, and the research on chlorine-resistant modification of PA membranes should be carried out without sacrificing its separation performance, taking into account all other properties of the membrane, and flexibly utilizing various modification methods.

A photocatalytic membrane reaction process, integrating a CBM (gC₃N₄/BiOBr/MXene) photocatalyst and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, was constructed using a phase inversion method. The addition of CBM was adjusted to optimize the membrane surface structure and properties, as well as to improve the hydrophilicity and permeability of the composite membrane. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl), a common antibiotic drug, was used as the target pollutant in the dead-end process to assess the separation and fouling resistance capabilities. The optimally doped PVDF/CBM-0.6membrane achieved 92 % degradation of TC-HCl, in which the active species •O₂^- and h⁺ played a dominant role. The degradation efficiency remains above 85% after 5 cycles, proving its good recyclability. Thirteen degradation intermediates and potential degradation pathways were proposed, including hydroxylation, demethylation, deamination, benzene ring opening, and deamidation reactions. Continuous operation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) confirmed the ability of the process to alleviate irreversible membrane fouling by preventing pore blockage and pollutant adhesion, achieving an efficient membrane self-cleaning.Overall, the CBM/PVDF photocatalytic membrane proposed in this work has the potential to enhance the practical application of photocatalytic membrane reaction systems.

The denitrifying functional bacteria community plays a crucial role in the degradation of nitrate pollution. However, the understanding of the relationships between its interspecies links and nitrate load is still limited. Groundwater resources in the vicinity of Lake Taihu serve as vital reserves, yet in some areas, nitrate load in groundwater exceeds health thresholds. This paper focused on 14 groundwater samples with varying nitrate concentrations from the Lake Taihu area. With microbial sequencing techniques, the diversity of bacterial communities in groundwater was explored, and the denitrifying functional bacteria community was identified. The response of interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community to nitrate load was investigated by co-occurrence network analysis. The results indicate: Significant differences were found in bacterial community composition between high and low nitrate samples; The α-diversity and β-diversity were highly influenced by nitrate load; Interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community in the high nitrate samples were denser than those in the low nitrate samples. This study demonstrates that nitrate load in groundwater significantly influences the interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community, providing new insights into the interplay between groundwater denitrifying functional bacteria community and nitrate load in the Lake Taihu area.

Microbial-based compound enzyme was in-situ prepared using food waste as the sole substrate in this study, and the effect and mechanism of ultrasonic combined with enzymatic pretreatment on methane production of food waste was investigated systematically. Results showed that the combined pretreatment could enhance the methane production of food waste, which was higher than that of single ultrasonic or enzymatic pretreatment, while increased the enzyme dosage could further improve the methane production. The maximal methane yield could reach (369.86±14.06)mL/g VS, which was 57.21% higher than that of the unpretreated food waste. The mechanism dissection revealed that the combined pretreatment promoted the decomposition of biomacromolecules in food waste, which was transferred from solid to liquid phase, thereby improving the biodegradability of fermentation substrate. Meanwhile, it was found that the combined pretreatment changed the protein secondary structure and destroyed the surface morphology of the food waste, and the degradation sequence of the main components in food waste was protein→ lipid → starch. Moreover, the combined pretreatment reshaped the microbial community during the anaerobic digestion process by altering the characteristics of food waste, and the enrichment of Methanosaeta, a kind of acetotrophic methanogen, further enhanced the methane production.

In the surface environments, magnetite (Fe₃O₄) serves as an electron receptor and donor for microbial extracellular respiration, facilitating interspecies electron transfer as a means to promote the biodegradation of organic pollutants. It has gradually found application in the realm of water pollution remediation. The interplay between magnetite and the mineral-microbe interface assumes a profoundly pivotal role. However, the biodegradation mechanism of PAHs in sediments mediated by different morphologies of magnetite remains unclear. In this paper, two different morphologies of magnetite (micron Fe₃O₄ and nano Fe₃O₄) were prepared to investigate the effect of the magnetite on the biodegradation of PAHs in sediments. Under aerobic conditions, the addition of magnetite did not appreciably reduce the total content of PAHs and certain high-ring PAHs in the sediment. Nevertheless, the introduction of magnetite significantly diminished the levels of low-ring PAHs (naphthalene and phenanthrene) in the sediment. To further investigate the anaerobic biodegradation influence of magnetite on PAHs under varying redox conditions, with phenanthrene as the target pollutant, enrichment and cultivation experiments were conducted with the indigenous degrading microbial communities in the sediment. Two forms of magnetite were introduced under different redox conditions. The results revealed that the augmented treatment with magnetite or electron acceptors somewhat promoted anaerobic biodegradation. Under natural attenuation conditions, the independent addition of micron Fe₃O₄ significantly enhanced phenanthrene degradation, whereas the effect of nano Fe₃O₄ on phenanthrene degradation was more pronounced under sulfate and nitrate reducing conditions. The phenanthrene degradation rate constant under sulfate reducing condition was 1.39 times higher than that of the control treatment. Electron transfer system (ETS) activity demonstrated that the addition of Fe₃O₄ significantly enhances microbial respiration activity.Compared with the control, the ETS activity of the nano-Fe₃O₄ and the micro-Fe₃O₄ treatment increased by 441.7%~511.2% and 113.8%~141.1%, respectively. The microbial community structure indicated that the addition of Fe₃O₄ increased the abundance of aromatic compound-degrading bacteria such as Hydrogenophaga and Ignavibacterium, and relative to micron Fe₃O₄, nano Fe₃O₄ augments the abundance of PAH-degrading bacteria, Achromobacter and Ensifer. Furthermore, nano Fe₃O₄ may mediate intermicrobial electron transfer by releasing more Fe(II) and Fe(III). These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the pivotal role of magnetite in the biodegradation of organic pollutants, offering a potential approach for the remediation of contaminated sediments.

We established an assessment framework for coastal ecological resilience and conducted a regional evaluation in the area of Shenzhen as a case study. The STIRPAT model was employed to quantify the socioeconomic factors affecting coastal ecological resilience and identify key influencing factors and the extent of their impact. Strategies for coastal zone protection and restoration were also proposed. The results showed that, in 2021, the Shenzhen's coastal ecological resilience score ranged from 8.97 to 92.12, indicating a distinct spatial difference between the eastern and western parts, with a higher ecological resilience in the former. The spatial pattern of coastal ecological resilience was closely associated with the underlying geographical characteristics and urban developmental features of the area. The level of regional affluence was identified as a major negative factor impacting the resilience, followed by other factors such as reclaimed land area, environmental pollution, and population density. Conversely, a reduction in water consumption per unit of GDP showed a positive effect on coastal ecological resilience, suggesting that technological innovation and high-quality economic development can significantly enhance coastal ecological resilience. The results of this study provide a new method for studying ecological resilience in high-density urban coastal zones and a scientific basis for coastal zone management.

Hydrogen substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) was synthesized through an in-situ cross-coupling reaction with triethynylbenzene as a precursor. The CH₃Hg⁺ adsorption performance of the novel sp-hybridized carbon material HsGDY was studied in comparison with traditional sp²-hybridized carbon material graphene (GE). This work showed that HsGDY had an excellent adsorption performance for CH₃Hg⁺, which was significantly better than GE. When the CH₃Hg⁺ concentration was 1.25µg/L and solution pH was 7, the final removal efficiency of HsGDY with 30 mg dosage for CH₃Hg⁺ could reach nearly 100%. An increase in ion strength, a decrease in pH and the presence of Hg²⁺ would to some extent inhibit the adsorption of CH₃Hg⁺ on HsGDY due to the competitive adsorption effect. HsGDY had good regeneration performance. After 5 regeneration cycles, its CH₃Hg⁺ removal efficiency was still above 80%. By characterization methods such as Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the adsorption mechanism of CH₃Hg⁺ onto HsGDY was thoroughly studied. The results indicated that CH₃Hg⁺ was chemically adsorbed on the HsGDY surface, mainly due to the interaction between the acetylenic functional group and CH₃Hg⁺.

The practical needs of specific regions in coordinating various ecosystem services could be effectively addressed through ecological zoning, guided by the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of these services, as well as their trade-offs/synergies. Sustainable development in the study area was promoted by formulating corresponding management strategies according to the specific ecological attributes of different ecosystem services. The identification of ecological functional zones based on the trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem services offers a precise and differentiated regulatory framework for ecological function restoration and management. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the InVEST model was employed to assess and analyze the spatial-temporal evolution and trade-offs/synergies of typical ecosystem services in the region from 2000 to 2020. Ecosystem service clusters were extracted through the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) model to define ecological functional zones. The PLUS model was then applied to simulate the evolution trend of integrated ecosystem services by 2050, leading to the proposal of regulatory strategies. Key findings include: ① From 2000 to 2020, water production services and soil conservation in Anhui Province showed continuous improvement, whereas carbon sequestration services, habitat quality, and food supply experienced a decline. The comprehensive ecosystem service index revealed a spatial pattern of "high in the south and low in the north". Approximately 50% of the study area was capable of providing two types of ecosystem services, while only about 11% of the area supported all ecological services. Areas unable to provide ecosystem services increased from 0.07% in 2000 to 4.85% in 2020. ② Strong synergistic effects were observed among water production, carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and soil conservation sevices. Conversely, a distinct trade-off was evident between the water production and food production services. ③ Based on this findings, four clusters of ecosystem services were identified: the food supply cluster, ecological conservation cluster, human living environment cluster, and forest protection cluster. Consequently, Anhui Province was divided into agricultural ecological zones, ecological conservation zones, urban development zones, and forest ecological protection zones, each with tailored regulatory strategies.④Multi-scenario simulation analyses revealed that under the ecological protection scenario, habitat quality and carbon sequestration services were optimized. Food production reached its peak under the arable land protection scenario. The ecological protection scenario showed significant improvements in overall ecosystem services. The research outcomes offer a scientific basis for promoting sustainable development and optimizing ecological environment in Anhui Province.

This study employs Moran's I index and cold-hot spot analysis to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon emissions in Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2021. Additionally, a random forest model is used to identify the key socioeconomic factors influencing carbon emission of 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province. The study finds that there are no significantly low carbon emission areas in Yunnan Province, with emission values generally close to the average and evenly distributed spatially. The hot spot regions remained stable across time, exhibiting a clear spatial clustering effect. Further analysis reveals that industrial added value, energy consumption, population size, and GDP are the main factors affecting carbon emissions. Our findings can offer useful guidance in formulating regional carbon neutrality roadmaps, implementing differentiated carbon reduction strategies, and promoting low-carbon green development.