In a sequencing batch reactor with alternating anaerobic/aerobic operation, activated sludge from an oxidation ditch was used as the inoculated sludge for culturing poly-phosphate biofilm enrichment. The potential functions of GAOs in the biofilm phosphorus enrichment system were investigated by examining the effects of the changes in the abundance of glycogen-accumulating organisms（GAOs）in the biofilm on the phosphorus enrichment performance and the metabolic characteristics of the microbial community. The results showed that GAOs became the dominant organisms in the enrichment culture of phosphorus-accumulating biofilm, but they did not adversely affect the phosphorus removal and enrichment of the biofilm system. Due to the significant increase of PHA metabolic activity and poly-P metabolic activity in individual cells of phosphorus-accumulating organisms（PAOs）, the biofilm community as a whole was dominated by the phosphorus accumulating metabolism（PAM）. GAOs as a dominant bacterial genus in the system, might obtain the reducing power（NADH）required for synthesizing PHA through EMP metabolism, which could provide sufficient energy reserve for the absorption of phosphorus by the PAOs in aerobic conditions, and thus stimulate the phosphorus removal and enrichment effect in the biofilm system. The inorganic phosphorus transport system（pst）and poly-P synthesizing genes（ppk）were up-regulated, so that the biofilm system showed good phosphorus removal and enrichment ability, and the GAOs（Candidatus Competibacter）, as a potential denitrifying bacterium, could synchronize with the aerobic denitrification in the biofilm phosphorus-enrichment system.

In order to explore the resistance mechanism of polymer ultrafiltration membranes to ozone, polyvinyl chloride（PVC）membranes and polyvinylidene fluoride（PVDF）membranes as representatives were used, and systematically evaluated the effects of ozone on the water permeability, pollutant retention capacity and mechanical properties of the membranes by simulating 0.1mg/L ozone exposure for 0.5 years, and analyzed the changes in chemical properties. The results showed that the water permeability of the PVC membrane significantly increased under the action of ozone for 36 hours, up to more than 4times that of the new membrane, while the retention capacity of humic acid（HA）decreased by about 27.6%. The water permeability and retention performance continued to decrease with the extension of exposure time. The water permeability of PVDF membranes increased significantly in the initial stage, with the HA retention performance decreasing by about 40.2% after 36hours of aging. However, the performance tended to stabilize after 1 hour of aging. Ozone aging led to a decrease in the hydrophilicity of the two membranes, but the hydrophilicity of PVC membranes decreased to a lesser extent, showing their relative advantages in maintaining hydrophilic properties. The analysis of the membrane structure mechanism showed that ozone mainly damaged the membrane performance through oxidation and the loss of the hydrophilic additive polyvinyl pyrrolidone（PVP）, and the membrane matrix itself remained intact, which was also confirmed by SEM observations. The mechanical properties of the two membranes decreased after aging, but the PVDF membrane showed relatively high mechanical strength. A comprehensive comparison of the ozone resistance of PVC, and PVDF, showed that PVC had relative advantages in ozone aging resistance in terms of retention, anti-pollution, hydrophilic, and mechanical properties, followed by PVDF. These findings provide an experimental basis and theoretical reference for the application and optimization of polymer ultrafiltration membranes in ozone-containing water treatment environment.

In this study, zebrafish were used as a model organism to investigate the effects of combined exposure to polyamide microplastics（PA MPs）and triclosan（TCS）on lipid metabolism in larval zebrafish. The findings demonstrated that PA exhibited a strong adsorption capacity for TCS, with an adsorption rate reaching 74% at 168h. Exposure to PA and TCS from 6hpf to 120hpf resulted in pronounced morphological abnormalities in larval zebrafish, including pericardial edema, swim bladder closure, yolk sac edema, and spinal curvature, with a malformation rate of 13%. Moreover, combined exposure induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the larvae, triggering oxidative stress responses. In the hepatic region, significant lipid accumulation was observed, accompanied by elevated levels of T-CHO and TG. These changes were further correlated with aberrant expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, confirming that combined exposure to PA and TCS disrupted lipid metabolic processes in zebrafish. Mechanistic investigations revealed that combined exposure led to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased expression of ATP synthase genes, resulting in impaired energy supply and subsequent energy metabolism disruption. Notably, the presence of PA significantly amplified the disruptive effects of TCS on lipid and energy metabolism compared to exposure to either PA or TCS alone.

This study focuses on regions characterized by complex traffic environment area and its background environment, exploring the contamination profiles of six heavy metals（As, Hg, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd）at two spatial scales. Through modeling analysis, this study examined the patterns of dust resuspension and the associated health risks resulting from the movement of a single traffic source. The results indicate that the levels of Cd, Pb, and Cu contamination in traffic intensive area, as well as their ecological risks, exceed those found in background area, with Cd showing the highest contamination, 70% of which poses a high ecological risk. During the movement of a single traffic source, the severity of changes in dust concentration is positively correlated with velocity, with dust accumulation occurring at heights of 0.3m and 0.6m above ground level. The primary exposure pathway for key heavy metals is hand-to-mouth ingestion; although both non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risks are generally low, at a vehicle speed of 60km/h and a height of 0.6m, the non-carcinogenic hazard quotient for inhalation（HQ-inh）is elevated. Therefore, protective measures are recommended for individuals active within this range.

To investigate the feasibility of anaerobic digestion of antibiotic fermentation residues（AFR）as sole substrates, several typical AFR, including erythromycin fermentation residue（EFR）, cephalosporin fermentation residue（CFR）, and penicillin fermentation residue（PFR）were chosen as raw materials for digestion in this study. Batch assays of methane production potential and kinetics experiments were conducted at mesophilic temperature（35±1℃）to explore the basic characteristics of anaerobic digestion of different AFR. Mass balance and correlations between basic characteristics of raw materials and digestion performance were compared and contrasted. Results showed that EFR had the highest methane production potential, approximately 226mL/g VS, which was 27.0% and 20.2% higher than CFR and PFR, respectively. Distinct kinetic characteristics and metabolic activity differences were exhibited by different antibiotic fermentation residues during anaerobic fermentation. The highest biogas production rate, which was 13.2mL/（g VS·d）, was found in PFR. A clear two-stage characteristic was exhibited by EFR, with the first-order kinetic constants K₁ and K₂ being 0.0336 and 0.2012d^-1, respectively. Material balance verification confirmed the reliability of the experimental results, and the remaining insoluble substances significantly impact the startup and stability of the anaerobic system. Correlation analysis indicated that the parameters of SCOD/TCOD, C/N, protein, and fat content in the fermentation residues are important for assessing their performance in anaerobic fermentation, suggesting that optimizing the characteristics of the fermentation residues can improve fermentation efficiency. It was demonstrated that antibiotic fermentation residues treated with antibiotic removal can serve as a single substrate for anaerobic fermentation, providing a new solution for the resource utilization of fermentation residues.

In order to explore the community structure and construction mechanism of soil protozoa in Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park, 24 large samples were set up in July 2023 according to the geographical and habitat characteristics in the study using the plum blossom five-point sampling method with a total of 120 soil samples. The culture and morphological identification of soil protozoa were performed by non-submerged culture method and in vivo observation method. The quantitative study was conducted by Petri dish direct counting method. A total of 175 soil protozoa species were identified, belonging to 12 classes, 29 orders, 55 families and 91 genera, mainly composed by species of Zoomastigophorea accounting for 15.43% of the total species, and species of Heliozoea was the least, accounting for 1.14% of the total species only. The α diversity of soil protozoa community in Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park. had no significant difference between slopes（P>0.05）, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index at low, middle and high altitudes were significantly different from those at high altitude（P<0.05）. In the co-occurrence network analysis, the relationships between soil protozoan communities in different slope aspects and at different altitudes are mainly positively correlated. Altitude, pH value, soil water content, soil organic matter, available potassium, and vegetation coverage are the main soil environmental factors that affect the composition of soil protozoan communities. The results of this study are helpful for evaluating and monitoring the changes in the soil environmental quality of the Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park, and can provide basic theoretical data for the protection of soil ecological functions and the sustainable development in the Tibet region.

The traditional environmental enforcement framework is fraught with conflicts stemming from the dichotomy between fragmented enforcement and integrated governance, the tension between local protectionism and stringent environmental regulation, and the disparity between imbalanced information structures and the need for precise governance. These conflicts have led to weakened environmental regulation and a concomitant decline in environmental quality. In response, the Chinese central government has initiated a centralized environmental enforcement system reform（EESR）. The theoretical underpinnings of this reform are rooted in the integration of functions to mitigate the fragmentation, the reconfiguration of power to prevent local interference, and the leveraging of technology to facilitate comprehensive and transparent oversight. Based on this, we have constructed annual panel data for 192 prefecture-level cities spanning the period from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing a Difference-in-Differences（DID）approach, we found that EESR has significantly led to stricter environmental enforcement, with a post-EESR increase of 49.8% in environmental administrative penalties levied by cities. However, economic factors would modulate the efficacy of the EESR. Cities closer to the western regions exhibit a less pronounced positive impact of the reform on environmental enforcement. Further analysis indicated that the EESR has had a significant positive effect on air quality, with substantial reductions in concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂ following its implementation. This study offers guidance for the further development and improvement of the EESR in later stages, as well as insights into understanding the positive effects of a centralized environmental control system.

In this paper, we reviewed the measured data of heavy metals in farmland soils in Guangdong Province since 2010. We applied a meta-analysis approach to combine the data based on “average concentration” “number of sampling points” and “standard deviation”. The results showed that the concentration of lead（Pb, 48.83mg/kg）and mercury（Hg, 0.18mg/kg）in Guangdong Province are among the highest in China, likely influenced by industrial and mining activities. In addition, subgroup analyses explored the effects of spatial distribution and cropping systems across different cities. The results revealed that heavy metal concentrations were higher in the economically developed Pearl River Delta and mineral-rich regions. Notably, some of the most polluted cities include Foshan city（As:18.32mg/kg, Cr:73.5mg/kg, Ni: 35.4mg/kg）, Shaoguan city（Pb: 86.61mg/kg）, Shenzhen city（Cd: 0.51mg/kg）, Meizhou city（Cu: 61.1mg/kg）, etc. Among them, farmland soil Cd concentration was significantly correlated with regional industrial output value（r=0.77, P<0.01）, with additional impacts from factors such as the local population and energy consumption. The analyses of different farming systems showed that Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Hg concentrations in soils were higher in land and paddy fields; while Cu, Zn, As, and Ni were enriched in orchards and facility-based agriculture, which may be related to the soil physicochemical properties, fertiliser and the geological backgrounds in different farming systems. This study provides province-wide information on the spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils and cropping systems, which is of great significance to the management and control strategies of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils in Guangdong Province.

This study analyzes provincial panel data from China covering the period from 2014 to 2022 to measure the level of industrial digitalization across three sectors: agriculture, industry, and services. Additionally, it accounts for the input of data factors and various undesired outputs while evaluating green total factor productivity, thereby exploring the interaction effects and mechanisms between the two. The research findings are demonstrated as follows: Significant disparities exist in the levels of industrial digitalization among provinces, demonstrating a spatial pattern of “East >Central >West.”Moreover, green total factor productivity shows a consistent upward trend, indicating a progressive improvement in regional multi-level differentiation. Robustness tests reveal that industrial digitalization across Chinese provinces significantly enhances green total factor productivity, with impact effects characterized by the order of agriculture < industry < services. Regarding transmission pathways, the development of industrial digitalization in each province predominantly boosts green total factor productivity by reducing the mismatch between capital and labor and facilitating industrial structure upgrades; In provinces characterized by high public environmental awareness and lower industrialization levels, the effect of industrial digitalization on enhancing green total factor productivity is comparatively pronounced; The impact of industrial digitalization on green total factor productivity exhibits a single threshold characteristic, contingent upon the intensity of various forms of environmental regulation, with threshold values of 0.4582 for command-and-control regulation and 0.0096 for market-based regulation. Consequently, the government should formulate differentiated regional industrial policies and marketing strategies to more effectively promote the development of industrial digitalization and bolster green total factor productivity, thereby achieving sustainable green development.

The collaborative ecological governance demonstration test project in the coal gangue backfills subsidence area of a city in Shaanxi Province provided an example for this study. This research investigated the environmental pollution risks in the backfill area, where coal gangue was used as the backfill material. It analyzed the spatiotemporal laws of heavy metal leaching and migration. The variation and processes of heavy metals in the soil were simulated using Hydrus-1D.A comparison of measured values from the soil column experiment with the simulated values verified the model, and the analysis identified relationships between infiltration distances at different periods and concentration equilibrium times in various soil layers. The results demonstrated that the established model effectively simulated the migration and change patterns of heavy metals in the soil of the backfill area. Over time, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals varied with depth, ranked as Cr（Ⅵ）= Pb>Ni>Hg, with maximum migration distances of 21.60, 21.60, 20.70 and 16.20m, respectively. At different soil layer depths, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals followed the order Pb>Cr（Ⅵ）>Ni>Hg. The concentration trends increased rapidly and stabilized, with none exceeding the limit values. The findings confirmed no significant environmental pollution impacts occurred in the coal gangue backfill subsidence area.