In the present study, Manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2_PS) was synthesized using K₂S₂O₈ and(CH₃COO)₂Mn·4H₂O via a solid-phase method. The physicochemical properties of OMS-2_PS were analyzed via X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of persulfate activation by OMS-2_PS for degrading organic contaminants was examined. This study also investigated the effect of various parameters, including dosage of OMS-2_PS, PS concentration, and initial pH, on AO7 removal efficiency. Moreover, the mechanism of PS activation by OMS-2_PS was explored. The results showed OMS-2_PS was successfully synthesized via a solid-phase method, which exhibits a nanorod structure. OMS-2_PS could activate PS to degrade organic contaminants. The use of 50mg/L AO7,1.0g/L OMS-2_PS, and 2.0mmol/L PS led to the AO7 removal and mineralization rates of 97.4% and 50.1%, respectively. Ion coexistence experiments demonstrated that AO7 removal was considerably inhibited by Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and CO₃²⁻, while HA had almost no effect on it. The free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated ·OH and SO₄^•−were the primary active oxygen species in the OMS-2_PS/PS system, and ·OH played the dominant role in the AO7 degradation. XPS analysis revealed Mn(IV) and lattice oxygen on the surface of OMS-2_PS were the main active sites for PS activation. Based on experiment results, a potential activation mechanism of PS by OMS-2_PS was proposed that PS combined with OMS-2_PS through the hydroxyl groups on the surface of OMS-2_PS, and then PS reacted with the active sites on the surface of OMS-2_PS to produce active oxygen species. In addition, The OMS-2_PS/PS system effectively removed AO7 from different water bodies, and also degraded efficiently other pollutants including bisphenol A, naphthalene, and tetracycline, indicating that the OMS-2_PS/PS system have a bright application prospect in environmental pollution control.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) represent a widely adopted approach for eliminating organic pollutants from water bodies. Nevertheless, conventional AOPs grapple with several challenges, notably including inadequate electron interactions, interference from macromolecular substances, constrained mass transfer processes, and moderate efficiency levels. To overcome these limitations, the employment of a spatial confinement strategy, which entails the construction of tailored nanoscale reactors, has emerged as a promising solution to substantially bolster oxidation efficiency. The spatial confinement strategy offers several key advantages: (1) optimize the migration of protons and charges; (2) alter molecular structures and molecular dynamics; and (3) create new active sites. This strategy is commonly integrated into processes such as Fenton oxidation, persulfate oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, ozonation, and electrochemical oxidation. This paper summarizes the implementation and analytical methods of spatial confinement, outlines its three major functions, reviews its applications in various oxidation processes, and evaluates its effects at both microscopic and macroscopic levels. Furthermore, future directions for the development of spatial confinement in advanced oxidation are discussed.

To promote the reduction and recycling of construction and demolition (C&D) waste in housing, a dynamic material flow model was established to simulate the evolving characteristics of housing flow-stock in both urban and rural areas of Beijing from 1949 to 2100. The amount of urban and rural housing C&D waste generated was predicted. The results showed that from 1949 to 2100, cyclical fluctuations were observed in the volume of new construction and demolition of housing in Beijing’s urban and rural areas, with the housing stock following an S-shaped curve. The area of new housing construction in urban and rural regions peaked at 31.456million m² in 2012 and 7.887 million m² in 2015, while the demolition area reached its maximum of 15.008 million m² in 2094 and 4.535 million m² in 2016. The saturation values of housing stock in urban and rural areas were 800 and 1.247 million m², respectively. By the mid-to-late 21 st century, Beijing was anticipated to experience a surge in C&D waste generation, which will reach its peak and then persist at elevated levels with periodic fluctuations. The apex of C&D waste generation was projected to occur in 2094, with an estimated total output of 23.964 million tons. Cement, brick, sand, and gravel were the predominant components of C&D waste by weight, accounting for 90.2%~95.5% of the total weight of housing C&D waste in urban areas and 92.2%~94.1% of that in rural areas, while the weight proportion of iron and steel ranged from 0.1% to 4.5% and 0.1% to 3.0%, respectively. The long-lifetime scenario could defer the peak of C&D waste, with a maximum reduction potential of 72.0%. Additionally, recycling C&D waste as urban minerals could lead to a dramatic decrease in future demand for primary steel, with a reduction of up to 98.5%.

This study aimed to explore the accumulation of MGEs by wetland plants in the treatment of rural sewage using a soil ecological infiltration system. Thus, the changes in the integrase gene intI1and transposase gene tnpA-04 in the vegetative parts of the wetland plant Iris were investigated before and after treatment. The results showed that, over a 60d operational period, the soil ecological infiltration system achieved average removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand from rural sewage of 88.50% and 75.17%, respectively. The average height and fresh weight of the Iris increased by 3.63% and 43.45%, respectively. The concentration of MGEs in the plant increased by 1.67ng/g, with intracellular accounting for 68.26%. Forthermore, the abundance of the tnpA-04 gene was found to be 37.86% higher than that of the intI1gene, which demonstrated a higher propensity for transfer within the vegetative parts of Iris. The bioconcentration ability for MGEs in the plant's vegetative parts followed the order: stem >root > leaf. Moreover, variations in soil properties significantly influenced the plant's ability to accumulate MGEs (P < 0.05). This study suggests that wetland plants can effectively accumulate MGEs from rural sewage, thereby reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance gene dissemination.

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was selected as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, and a strain NCSL-HH10 that could efficiently degrade NMP was isolated from the cleaning wastewater of lithium-ion battery cathode slurry mixer. 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic affiliation analysis showed that this strain belonged to Burkholderia contaminans. The results showed that 100% NMP removal and 94.3% TOC removal could be obtained in 1500mg/L NMP wastewater within 48h using this strain. Such a high mineralization degree indicated that the strain possessed a relatively complete NMP degradation pathway. In addition, the strain could completely degrade NMP with a concentration as high as 15000mg/L, which displayed the highest NMP degradation concentration with a high mineralization degree (63.2%) compared to the publicly available literatures. Finally, 10000mg/L NMP wastewater was treated by Burkholderia contaminans NCSL-HH10 and activated sludge under open environment, respectively. It was found that 95.7% NMP and 76.5% TOC were removed within 60h by NCSL-HH10, which was significantly higher than activated sludge (only 39.0% NMP and 30.2% TOC were removed within 84h).

Owing to high-cost concerns, contractors dispose the construction spoils predominantly through landfilling or dumping at present. How to motivate them to adopt recycling is a challenge. A novel contingent valuation method named HCVM was proposed in this study. Taking the survey data of 585 construction employees in Changsha City, Hunan Province as a sample, the contractors’willingness to pay (WTP) and their influencing factors were analyzed. The unclear pricing principle of non-recycling disposal charge was clarified, and the incentive mechanism for contractor's construction spoils recycling was proposed accordingly. The results show that: 1) the average WTP of contractors is 73.69 yuan/t, which is higher than the current landfilling charge of 20 yuan/t, and the expected penalty cost for dumping of 16.70~25 yuan/t. It is suggested that the government should increase the landfilling cost over 73.69 yuan/t by pricing or tax, and raising the penalty for dumping from 5000 to 15000 yuan per truck. 2) The average disposal cost for construction spoils recycling is 137 yuan/t, and the average price of recycling products selling is 40 yuan/t. Even if including contractors' WTP, it remains lower than the total recycling cost. The government can address this discrepancy with direct monetary subsidies, rewards developing new technologies to reduce the recycling costs or issuing policies to promote the market demand and selling price of recycling products.3) 74.35% of the respondents were willing to pay for the construction spoils recycling. Factors such as the ownership attribute of contractors, pressure from the public, awareness of environmental protection, and satisfaction with current disposal method positively influence their WTP. However, the respondents' construction project experience negatively affected their WTP. The government's guidance, the higher subsidies, rewards of construction spoils recycling and stricter penalties for dumping can also effectively motivate contractors to adopt recycling behaviour.

Taking Huaihai Economic Zone as an instance, the spatio-temporal evolution of land use were analyzed from 2003 to 2023. On this basis, the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and spatial agglomeration of landscape ecological risk were identified for different historical periods and scenarios by combining PLUS model, spatial statistical method and ecological risk assessment model. The results indicate the following: (1) The land use types in Huaihai Economic Zone were mainly cultivated land and construction land. The overall land use pattern has not changed much in the past 20years. Concretely, it mainly manifested as the transformation of cultivated land into construction land. (2) The landscape ecological risk index (LERI) firstly increased and then decreased. In addition, the index was high in the east but low in the west of the study area. Furthermore it was relatively high in the north but low in the south. (3) The Moran's I index of the LERI decreased first and then increased. However, the local spatial agglomeration were mainly 'high-high' and 'low-low' patterns. (4) The LERI under the three scenarios of natural development, economic priority and ecological protection were 0.2470, 0.2451 and 0.2489, respectively. Under the ecological protection scenario, high ecological risk area accounts for the largest proportion across the whole regions. In contrary, the area of low ecological risk area accounts for the largest proportion in the scenario of economic development.

This study aimed to investigate the mitigating effect and regulatory mechanism of humic acid (HA) on the physicochemical properties and pollutant treatment performance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) under prolonged stress induced by graphene (G) and oxide graphene (GO). The results demonstrated that the optimal dosage of HA (10mg/L) significantly enhanced the physicochemical characteristics of AGS, and improved the pollutant treatment performance of the AGS reactor (R2 (1.0mg/L G) and R3 (1.0mg/L GO)). At the 75^th day, in R3, there was an obviously increase in average particle size of AGS from 1224.1µm to 1407.5µm, while in R2it increased from 1313.0µm to 1461.3µm. Simultaneously, the enhancement of AGS physicochemical properties led to a respective increase of 2.3% and 7.6% in TN removal efficiency for R2 and R3. The introduction of HA resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase activity, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity in R2 and R3. This suggested that HA can effectively bind with accumulated ROS within cells to further mitigate oxidative stress levels induced by G and GO. The addition of HA also effectively alleviated the excessive secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in AGS, resulting in a decrease in the content of aromatic proteins and tyrosine-like substances within EPS. Consequently, this led to a more compact and denser AGS particle structure in R2 and R3. Ultimately, the changes in Zeta potential of G and GO (before and after the addition of HA) indicate that the incorporation of HA can enhance the initial potential values of G and GO, thereby augmenting the repulsive effect between G/GO and microorganisms, reducing direct contact between microorganisms and G/GO, thus effectively mitigating the toxic effects exerted by G and GO on microorganisms.

In order to explore the effect of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics (PLA-MPs) on nitrogen conversion in sediments, a laboratory experimental sediment system was constructed, and 0 (control), 0.05%, 0.5% and 5% (W/W) PLA-MPs were added to freshwater sediments, then the incubation experiment was performed for 45d at 25℃ and light intensity of 40µE/(m²·s). The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decreased significantly and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)increased significantly (P<0.05), and the formation of CO₂ and CH₄ was promoted. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of NH₄⁺-N was reduced by the addition of PLA-MPs, and the concentrations of NO₃^--N and TN in the 0.05% and 0.5% PLA-MPs treatment group were lower than those in the control group (compared with the control group, the TN concentrations of the overlying water decreased by 68.44% and 61.83%, respectively). On the contrary, the TN accumulation in the 5% PLA-MPs treatment group was recorded (the TN concentration in the overlying water was 5.71mg/L at the end of the experiment) and was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The NO₂^--N concentration in the 0.5% and 5% PLA-MPs treatment groups decreased and the release of N₂O was reduced, while the concentration of NO₂^--N in the 0.05% and 5% PLA-MPs treatment groups was increased. The addition of PLA-MPs promoted the expression of nitrogen-fixing genes nifH and nitrification genes amoA, and the denitrification genes nirS and nosZ were enriched in the 0.05% and 0.5% PLA-MPs treatment groups. However, the abundance of denitrification gene narG was only up-regulated in the 0.5% PLA-MPs treatment group. The abundance of narG and nirS genes in the 5%PLA-MPs treatment group was down-regulated, and the expression of nosZ gene was inhibited but then promoted. The results show that PLA-MPs changes the properties of the overlying water and sediment, promotes nitrogen fixation and nitrification, and provide carbon source to enhance denitrification and denitrification under 0.05% and 0.5% PLA-MPs treatments, but the reduction of NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N is inhibited due to low pH in 5% PLA-MPs treatment, resulting in TN accumulation.

Varieties of non-noble metal catalysts were prepared and screened by hydrothermal deoxidation of stearic acid for the purpose of efficiently catalyzing the conversion of waste oil into green diesel. The experimental results demonstrated that the nano-Ni-Cu alloy exhibited a significant catalytic effect on stearic acid, with its catalytic performance and product distribution being the most comparable to those of the Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the optimization of reaction conditions, stability analysis, catalyst characterization, reaction mechanism exploration and broad-spectrum analysis were carried out for nano Ni-Cu alloy. The characterization results revealed that the structure of nano-Ni-Cu alloy remained stable, and no significant structural changes were observed after continuous cyclic use. Under the optimum reaction conditions of 330℃, 120min, with the addition of 20µL methanol,30mg catalyst and 80µL water in a 1.67ml micro reactor, stearic acid was primarily converted into heptadecane through catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and decarbonylation. Additionally, the broad-spectrum analysis indicated that the yield of C8-C18 alkanes from various fatty acids and fatty acid esters catalyzed by nano-Ni-Cu alloy could exceed 95%, conforming its excellent catalytic performance.