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Accurately assessing the degradation status of seagrass bed ecosystems was essential for formulating effective protection and restoration decisions However, existing assessments of seagrass bed ecological degradation were primarily conducted from the health perspective, neglecting the endpoint of degradation and its critical levels during the degradation process. This study took ecosystem collapse as the endpoint of degradation and, from an ecological risk perspective, the assessment framework of the Red List of Ecosystems was drawn upon. Three main criteria—habitat range degradation, abiotic environmental degradation, and biological process degradation—were integrated to establish an assessment framework for seagrass bed ecosystem degradation. Fourteen seagrass bed distribution areas along the South China coast were selected for empirical study. The assessment results showed that the seagrass bed in Tangjiawan had reached an extremely degraded level. Eight seagrass beds, such as Zhelin Bay, were severely degraded (57%); the seagrass bed in Li'an Port was moderately degraded; and four seagrass beds, such as Liusha Bay, were slightly degraded (29%). Among the three major assessment criteria, biological processes were identified as the main manifestation of seagrass bed degradation along the South China coast. From the perspective of ecosystem collapse risk, a framework for assessing seagrass bed ecosystem degradation was constructed, providing a new perspective for evaluating the degradation status of seagrass beds and other ecosystems, and offering important decision-making support for ecosystem conservation and restoration.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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