In order to quantitatively analyze the impact of inspection and enforcement on the autonomous acceptance system towards regional environmental qualities, 47870public administrative penalty cases of illegal autonomous acceptance from 2018 to 2023 have been collected. Correlation analysis has been conducted on simulated environmental qualities based on penalty cases with real regional environmental qualities on 13 provinces that had been national warned for bad environmental qualities. Research found a significant correlation between combined autonomous acceptance and general enforcement with environmental qualities. A goodness of fit at R²=0.8051was found when bringing the percentage of autonomous acceptance cases over all administrative penalty cases as the second variable besides average penalty frequency. Yet found no significant correlation between general environmental enforcement and environmental qualities. Therefore, it was suggested that the inspection and enforcement on autonomous acceptance system leveraged more impact on environmental qualities than general environmental inspection and enforcement. The case analysis found that there was no significant difference in the fine amount for cases of "fraud" in autonomous acceptance compared to other cases. Legal analysis has found that there was a certain degree of functional overlap between autonomous acceptance and Pollutant discharge permit system, but there were still significant differences between the two in terms of regulatory objects and regulatory content.

Based on the high-density observation network of low-cost CO₂ analyzers deployed in Hangzhou, an analysis of CO₂ concentration spanning a complete one-year from April 2023 to March 2024 was conducted. The results showed that:（1）Under field observation conditions, low-cost instruments experience data gaps, with annual data collection rates at various stations ranging from 38.58% to 99.39%. The Mean Bias Error（MBE）for the two non-dispersive infrared（NDIR）instruments is（3.2±1.4）µmol/mol. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the data collection rate at stations when deploying high-density network.（2）Observation from NDIR-based low-cost instruments were highly sensitive to environmental variations, but could be effectively corrected by machine learning-based calibration schemes. After correction, the correlation coefficient R² between the network data and high-precision observation improved from 0.33 to 0.77, with the MBE of 1.2µmol/mol.（3）The high-density network of low-cost CO₂ analyzers was can effectively capture the spatio-temporal variability of CO₂ concentration. Diurnal variations and spatial distributions across stations reflected seasonal variations characteristics of urban CO₂ sources and sinks. The deployment of this network has demonstrated the feasibility of operating a low-cost, high-density monitoring system in cities with complex underlying surfaces, such as those in China. This approach provided a basis for estimating urban carbon emissions and evaluating the effectiveness of emission reduction measures.

A total of 78 water samples from mesotrophic and eutrophic urban lakes in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China were systematically analysed using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix（EEM）fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis（PARAFAC）to characterize dissolved organic matter（DOM）composition and sources as well as their links with water physiochemistry parameters. This study was designed to unravel the effects of eutrophication on the fluorescence characteristics of DOM and its influence pathway. Three distinct fluorescent components were identified: anthropogenic-derived humic-like substances（C1）, terrestrial humic-like substances（C2）, and microbial-produced protein-like substances（C3）. Eutrophic urban lakes exhibited significantly higher fluorescence intensities in both C2 and C3 relative to mesotrophic urban lakes. Fluorescence indices confirmed dual DOM sources-terrestrial inputs and autochthonous production. Meanwhile, although the humification index of DOM in mesotrophic urban lakes exceeded that in eutrophic urban lakes, the humification index of DOM was below 1.0 for all samples. Moreover, the biological index of DOM exhibited an increasing trend with the elevation of trophic status of water column. Additionally, significantly elevated Chla concentration were observed in eutrophic lakes compared to mesotrophic lakes. Strong positive correlations were identified between Chla concentration and the fluorescence intensity of C2 and C3 components alongside the biological index of DOM, suggesting that eutrophication may induced autochthonous DOM by stimulating algae reproduction.

This study was conducted in an agricultural irrigation area of reclaimed water in Suqian City. In the irrigation area, regions with long-term surface water irrigation（S1）, short-term reclaimed water irrigation（S2）, and long-term reclaimed water irrigation（S3）were selected. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from depths of 0~20cm and 20~40cm using plastic and metal rings. CT scanning and image processing technology were used to obtain the connected pores and their structural characteristics under different treatments, while the hydraulic properties of the soils were simultaneously tested. This study aimed to investigate the impact of reclaimed water irrigation on soil pore structure and hydraulic parameters and to analyze the key pore parameters that caused changes in hydraulic properties. The results showed short-term reclaimed water irrigation disrupted the soil pore structure, lending to a simplification of the pore architecture. After long-term reclaimed water irrigation, the soil pore structure improved compared to short-term irrigation, with no significantly difference observed when compared to the soil under long-term surface water irrigation. The use of reclaimed water for irrigation had no significant impact on the pore structure and hydraulic properties of both surface and subsurface soils. Reclaimed water irrigation significantly reduced soil hydraulic conductivity. Compared to the soil under long-term surface water irrigation, the hydraulic conductivity（K_S）for short-term and long-term reclaimed water irrigated soils decreased by 20.81% and 20.18%, respectively. Reclaimed water irrigation had little effect on soil water retention capacity. The changes in pore structure after reclaimed water irrigation significantly affected the soil's hydraulic properties. Redundancy analysis showed that pore parameters explained 83.30% of the variation in hydraulic properties, with surface fractal dimension having the greatest impact on hydraulic properties. Pore shape had no significant relationship with any hydraulic parameters.

In response to the current limitations of the Fe²⁺/periodate（PI）system, which is difficult to sustain effective performance and is merely applicable under acidic conditions, a system of visible light（VL）and 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid（TA）cooperating with Fe³⁺ for activating PI was constructed. The results indicate that the combination of VL and TA can accelerate the redox cycling between Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺, significantly enhancing the performance of activating PI. The VL/TA/Fe³⁺/PI system can achieve the complete degradation of sulfadiazine（SD）within 30min, with better efficacy under neutral and acidic conditions. Anions such as Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻ have minimal effects on SD removal, whereas the existence of HCO₃⁻ significantly inhibits SD elimination. At the same time, humic acid（HA）exhibits a promoting effect. Quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance（EPR）analysis confirmed that hydroxyl radicals（HO•）and singlet oxygen（¹O₂）were the primary reactive species responsible for SD removal. Based on mass spectrometry analysis, 6degradation intermediates were verified, and 3 possible degradation pathways for SD were proposed. Using radish as a model organism for phytotoxicity assessment, it was demonstrated that the toxicity of SD-contaminated water was significantly reduced after treatment. Simultaneously, the system exhibited excellent treatment efficiency in various real water matrices. Furthermore, this system exhibits favourable degradation performance for multiple typical emerging contaminants prevalently existing in natural water bodies, indicating broad application prospects.

To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of dust events in Inner Mongolia and their exogenous contributions, high-precision aerosol vertical distribution profiles were obtained using seven multi-band lidars deployed in Inner Mongolia. In addition, the three-dimensional dynamic evolution, atmospheric circulation and exogenous dust sources of summer dust storms in Inner Mongolia were further analyzed by combining ground station observations, atmospheric chemistry models, meteorological reanalysis data and backward trajectory models. It is found that the overall number of dust days in Inner Mongolia from 2014 to 2024 shows a fluctuating upward trend, and spring is the peak season for dust events, with the cumulative number of dust days reaching 117. In the past five years, the change of the number of dust days in spring was relatively stable, but since 2020, the number of dust days in summer began to show an increasing trend. During 20~25July 2024, a serious dust event occurred in Inner Mongolia. The dynamic evolution of the dust event from high altitude to near-surface was effectively monitored by the networked LiDAR in Inner Mongolia. on 20 July, the dust first appeared in the west-central part of Inner Mongolia and the China-Mongolia border, and then spread eastward under the combined effect of the northwesterly winds behind the low-pressure trough and the surface gales. The intensity of the dust weakened somewhat on 22 July. However, the low-pressure trough reappeared on 23 July, and the northerly flow behind the trough guided the cold air southward to form strong winds, which rapidly blew up the surface dust particles, leading to a general increase in dust uptake in west-central Inner Mongolia and transporting them downstream through the northwesterly wind behind the trough. During this dust event, the Sino-Mongolian border became the main potential source area of PM₁₀ during the dust event, contributing most significantly to the PM₁₀ mass concentration. This indicates that the Sino-Mongolian border area is gradually becoming an important source of dust in northern China.

We used the PLUS model to predict the land use pattern under different development scenarios in 2030 in the Loess Plateau, an important ecological barrier in China, and applied the InVEST-Geodector model to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors in ecosystem carbon storage from 2020 to 2030. The findings were as follows: (1) The area of cropland will decrease under the natural development and ecological protection scenarios; the area of grassland decreases significantly under the cropland protection scenario, and forests and waters are effectively protected under all three scenarios. (2) The ecosystem carbon storage under the natural development, ecological protection, and cropland protection scenarios is 4.922, 5.021, and 4.922Pg, respectively. Compared with those in 2020, carbon storage will increase by 8.07, 37.22, and 8.07Tg, respectively. Carbon storage has obvious spatial heterogeneity, with high carbon density in the northern Qinling Mountains, Taihang Mountains, and Lvliang Mountains and low carbon density in Erdos City and its surrounding areas. Changes in carbon storage are closely related to the changes in the number of land classes and conversion of land use types. In conclusion, the ecological protection scenario is more in line with the future development needs of the study area. (3) The core determinants of ecosystem carbon storage are slope and precipitation, and the dominating combinations of factors driving regional differences and changes in carbon storage are the interactions of slope, soil type, or average annual temperature content with other variables.

An Approximate Homogeneous Turbulence Simulation system was employed to systematically explore algal responses to the interactive effects of turbulence and salinity by integrating the regulatory roles of these interactions on photosynthesis, nutrient metabolism, extracellular polymeric substances secretion, and grazing activities. It was demonstrated that at the biomass level, the damage to algae caused by turbulence was enhanced at 1‰ salinity, with Chl-a content in the low- and high-turbulence groups being 0.37 and 1.41 times that of the still-water group, respectively. At 4‰ salinity, damage was mitigated, with Chl-a content in these groups being 0.82 and 2.29 times that of the still-water group. This phenomenon was attributed to the regulation of algal photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient utilization rate by salinity. At the community structure level, the energy metabolism was enhanced by the increased salinity, which resulted in a lower water pH, thereby providing a competitive advantage to diatoms and leading to their dominance within the phytoplankton community. However, gas exchange and the shift in zooplankton composition were intensified by the elevated turbulence, mitigating the competitive advantage of diatoms caused by increased salinity. Consequently, the proportion of cyanobacteria increases, reinstating them as the dominant phylum.

TiCeO_x bimetallic catalysts were prepared as catalyst carries. And the Ru-supported catalysts with different dispersions were synthesized by the methods of Ru³⁺ impregnation reduction (bottom to up) and Ru colloid solution thermal diffusion (top to down) methods. In the catalyst RuTiCeO_x-N prepared by Ru³⁺ immersion reduction method, Ru species exist in the form of RuO_x nanoclusters. In the catalyst RuTiCeO_x-A prepared by Ru colloid solution thermal diffusion, Ru species exist in the form of single-atom dispersion. The different dispersion states of Ru species lead to the difference of active oxygen species and acid sites involved in chlorobenzene (CB) oxidation. Chemisorbed oxygen and surface lattice oxygen could be the dominating active oxygen species for RuTiCeO_x-N and RuTiCeO_x-A, respectively. And due to the chemisorption of CB, that could be transformed into hydroxyl radical (-OH) to be involved in the catalytic reaction. Catalyst RuTiCeO_x-A performed better with the complete conversion of CB at 300℃ and 24h of durability test without deactivation. That could be attributed to the synergy between its resulted active oxygen species and multiple acid sites (strong and weak).

The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly contributes to the atmospheric oxidative balance and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, thereby influencing global climate. Reactive substances such as methane, non-methane hydrocarbons, dimethyl sulfide, and halocarbons in the ocean are important components of VOCs, primarily produced through biological and non-biological processes. To date, substantial research has been conducted on the source-sink processes of marine VOCs and their response mechanisms to environmental factors. However, much of this research has focused on biological processes, overlooking the contributions of photochemical processes involving dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sea surface (micro) layer, which may result in an underestimation of their emissions. In recent years, marine photochemistry, particularly the photochemical processes of DOM in the sea surface micro-layer, has gained increasing attention. This review systematically examines the research progress on the sources and emission fluxes of marine VOCs, with a focus on the mechanisms of VOCs production via DOM photochemistry, their response to environmental factors, and their implications for climate change. Furthermore, future research directions are proposed from the perspectives of technological innovation, mechanism exploration, and environmental assessment. Long-term observation and simulation studies of photochemical processes of DOM in the sea surface micro-layer are highlighted as crucial for revealing the response of marine VOCs photochemical production to human activities and its impact on climate change.