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To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of dust events in Inner Mongolia and their exogenous contributions, high-precision aerosol vertical distribution profiles were obtained using seven multi-band lidars deployed in Inner Mongolia. In addition, the three-dimensional dynamic evolution, atmospheric circulation and exogenous dust sources of summer dust storms in Inner Mongolia were further analyzed by combining ground station observations, atmospheric chemistry models, meteorological reanalysis data and backward trajectory models. It is found that the overall number of dust days in Inner Mongolia from 2014 to 2024 shows a fluctuating upward trend, and spring is the peak season for dust events, with the cumulative number of dust days reaching 117. In the past five years, the change of the number of dust days in spring was relatively stable, but since 2020, the number of dust days in summer began to show an increasing trend. During 20~25July 2024, a serious dust event occurred in Inner Mongolia. The dynamic evolution of the dust event from high altitude to near-surface was effectively monitored by the networked LiDAR in Inner Mongolia. on 20 July, the dust first appeared in the west-central part of Inner Mongolia and the China-Mongolia border, and then spread eastward under the combined effect of the northwesterly winds behind the low-pressure trough and the surface gales. The intensity of the dust weakened somewhat on 22 July. However, the low-pressure trough reappeared on 23 July, and the northerly flow behind the trough guided the cold air southward to form strong winds, which rapidly blew up the surface dust particles, leading to a general increase in dust uptake in west-central Inner Mongolia and transporting them downstream through the northwesterly wind behind the trough. During this dust event, the Sino-Mongolian border became the main potential source area of PM10 during the dust event, contributing most significantly to the PM10 mass concentration. This indicates that the Sino-Mongolian border area is gradually becoming an important source of dust in northern China.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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