To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic pain in Beijing city, Jiangxi province, and Chongqing city, China, and to provide a reference for the development and improvement of pain management strategies for this population.

From January to August 2023, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method combined with convenience sampling was used to recruit 4320 outpatients aged ≥45 years with self-reported pain duration >3 months from six tertiary and six secondary general hospitals in Beijing city, Jiangxi province, and Chongqing city. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic pain, the influencing factors of pain intensity, and the factors that alleviate or exacerbate pain, as well as treatment status.

Among the 4 151 middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic pain finally included in the analysis from the three provinces/cities, 736 had diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence of 17.7%. Among the 736 patients with chronic pain and diabetes mellitus, 163 (22.1%) had mild pain, 441 (59.9%) had moderate pain, and 132 (17.9%) had severe pain. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that living in rural areas, strenuous physical activity, having other medical histories, and having depressive symptoms were risk factors for increased pain intensity in patients with chronic pain and diabetes mellitus. Common pain-relieving factors for patients with diabetes mellitus were bed rest (60.9%), rest days (47.0%), and appropriate massage (38.3%), while aggravating factors were physical fatigue (59.8%), inappropriate exercise (44.8%), and prolonged sitting (35.2%). A total of 672 patients with chronic pain and diabetes mellitus received pain treatment, with a treatment rate of 91.3%. Common pain treatment methods included topical medications (61.9%), oral analgesics (55.1%), and moderate rest (48.7%).

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with chronic pain is high. Patients with diabetes mellitus living in rural areas, with other medical histories, engaging in strenuous physical activity, and experiencing depressive symptoms are more likely to experience increased pain. Moderate rest and appropriate exercise can effectively alleviate pain in patients with diabetes mellitus.

To investigate the detection rate of different subtypes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) high-risk populations in Shaanxi province and their influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of CVD.

From December 2015 to December 2022, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 168 742 permanent residents aged ≥35 years from 12 project sites in 5 cities of Shaanxi province: Baoji city (Fengxiang county, Jintai district, Mei county), Hanzhong city (Chenggu county, Hantai district), Shangluo city (Shangzhou district, Zhen'an county), Weinan city (Chengcheng county, Tongguan county, Pucheng county), and Xianyang city (Sanyuan county, Jingyang county). Questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests were conducted. The detection rates of different subtypes of CVD high-risk populations in Shaanxi province were calculated, and a multifactorial unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the detection of different subtypes of CVD high-risk populations.

Among the 168 379 permanent residents aged ≥35 years finally included in the analysis in Shaanxi province, 60 197 were identified as high-risk for CVD, with a detection rate of 35.75%. Among them, 8 611, 27 047, 28 995, 6 632, 3 310, and 5 737 individuals were identified as having a history of CVD, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, heavy smoking, and World Health Organization (WHO) assessed risk, respectively, with detection rates of 5.11%, 16.06%, 17.22%, 3.94%, 1.97%, and 3.41%, respectively. Multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥45 years, smoking, alcohol consumption, snoring, daytime fatigue or sleepiness, overweight with normal waist circumference (WC), normal body mass index (BMI) with high WC, both high BMI and WC, and a family history of hypertension, diabetes, CVD, and hypercholesterolemia were risk factors for the detection of high-risk CVD populations, while female sex and middle and high socioeconomic status (SES) were protective factors. Age ≥45 years, snoring, fatigue and sleepiness, overweight with normal WC, normal BMI with high WC, both high BMI and WC, and a family history of hypertension, diabetes, CVD, and cancer were risk factors for the detection of high-risk CVD history populations, while female sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and a family history of hypercholesterolemia were protective factors. Female sex, age ≥45 years, alcohol consumption, snoring, fatigue and sleepiness, overweight with normal WC, normal BMI with high WC, both high BMI and WC, and a family history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were risk factors for the detection of high-risk hypertension populations, while high SES, smoking, and a family history of diabetes were protective factors. Age ≥45 years, sleep snoring, fatigue and drowsiness, excessive BMI with normal WC, normal BMI with excessive WC, both excessive BMI and WC, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes were risk factors for the diabetes subtype, and female, moderate and high SES and smoking were protective factors. Age ≥55 years, smoking, sleep snoring, excessive BMI with normal WC, normal BMI with excessive WC, both BMI and WC, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, and family history of hypercholesterolemia were risk factors for dyslipidemia subtype, and female, moderate and high SES, alcohol consumption, and family history of CVD were protective factors. Age 45 to 64 years, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep snoring, fatigue and sleepiness, excessive BMI but normal WC, normal BMI but excessive WC, both BMI and WC and family history of diabetes were risk factors for heavy smoking subtype, and female and high SES were protective factors. Women, age ≥45 years, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep snoring, fatigue and sleepiness, excessive BMI with normal WC, normal BMI with excessive WC, both BMI and WC with excessive BMI, and family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, and family history of hypercholesterolemia were risk factors for WHO risk assessment subtype, and high SES was a protective factor.

In Shaanxi province, the detection rate of CVD in high-risk groups was high, and hypertension and diabetes were the main CVD high risk subtypes. Gender, age, SES, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, sleep snoring status, fatigue and sleepiness status, BMI and WC status, and family history of hypertension, diabetes, CVD, hypercholesterolemia, and cancer were the main influencing factors for the detection rate of CVD in high-risk groups in this area.

To investigate the current status of depression and anxiety and their influencing factors among adolescents with spinal curvature abnormalities.

From September 2021 to December 2022, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 855 adolescents with spinal curvature abnormalities from 28 middle schools in Shenzhen city to complete a questionnaire survey, explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in this population, and establish logistic regression and mixed network models.

The number of adolescents with spinal curvature abnormalities who experienced depression and anxiety were 1 260 (44.1%) and 1 219 (42.7%), respectively, and the prevalence gradually increased with age (P<0.001). Among girls, 835 (48.6%) and 811 (47.2%) experienced depression and anxiety, respectively, while among boys, the numbers were 425 (37.4%) and 408 (35.9%), respectively. Girls (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.15–1.70), average peer relationships (OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.19–2.09), average teacher-student relationships (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.36–2.11), moderate (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.30–2.19) or high (OR=4.61, 95%CI: 3.33–6.38) study pressure, acceptable (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.24–1.83) or poor (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.24–2.53) body image, sometimes (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.11–1.77) or often (OR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.69–3.98) experiencing neck and shoulder pain, sometimes (OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.26–1.98) or often (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.25–2.95) experiencing lower back pain, poor sleep quality (OR=5.09, 95%CI: 4.19–6.18), and screen time ≥2 h/d (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.04–1.51) were associated with a higher risk of depression (all P<0.05). Girls (OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.13–1.64), average peer relationships (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.23–2.12), moderate (OR=2.14, 95%CI: 1.65–2.77) or high (OR=7.31, 95%CI: 5.30–10.08) study pressure, acceptable (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.15–1.69) or poor (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.35–2.68) body image, sometimes (OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.10–1.74) or often (OR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.47–3.30) experiencing neck and shoulder pain, sometimes (OR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.34–2.08) or often (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.18–2.64) experiencing lower back pain, poor sleep quality (OR=3.11, 95%CI: 2.58–3.76), and screen time ≥2 h/d (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.04–1.50) were associated with a higher risk of anxiety (all P<0.05). In the network analysis, sleep quality (Weight=0.47) and peer relationships (Weight=0.25) had strong direct associations with depression, and study pressure (Weight=0.31) had a strong direct association with anxiety.

The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms is high among adolescents with spinal curvature abnormalities in Shenzhen city, and is influenced by factors such as sex, peer relationships, study pressure, body image, neck and shoulder pain, lower back pain, sleep quality, and screen time. Early attention to mental health issues in this population and the timely provision of reasonable and effective interventions are conducive to their physical and mental health development.

To understand the training needs of primary healthcare professionals with integrated medical, preventive, and managerial skills, and to propose suggestions for optimizing the training of such personnel in China, providing a reference for the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" for National Health.

In January 2023, a multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the training needs of 1 641 primary healthcare professionals from community health service centers and township hospitals in 107 prefecture-level cities (autonomous prefectures, districts/counties) across 25 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China. The survey covered four main areas: basic skills, medical skills, preventive skills, and managerial skills.

Among basic skills, the highest training need was for practicing registration qualifications, at 48.08% (789/1 641). For medical skills, the highest training need was for emergency treatment and pre-hospital first aid, at 46.62% (765/1 641). For preventive skills, the highest training need was for community health service investigation, at 45.52% (747/1 641). For managerial skills, the highest training need was for personnel training and scientific research teaching, at 51.86% (851/1 641). The lowest training need was for the implementation and management of basic public health programs, at 33.88% (556/1 641). Primary healthcare professionals in western regions and township hospitals had higher needs in all areas.

There are regional, urban-rural, and skill-based differences in the training needs of primary healthcare professionals with integrated medical, preventive, and managerial skills in China. It is recommended to coordinate the training of these personnel with the development of village (community) public health committees, clarify their corresponding skill development requirements, and accelerate the standardization process.

To analyze the correlation between early or late natural menopausal age and muscle mass percentage and bone mass percentage in postmenopausal women, and to provide a reference for health care of postmenopausal women.

A total of 2 059 naturally menopausal women were selected from the Guangzhou Chronic Disease Prospective Cohort Study of Middle-aged and Elderly People. Baseline survey data were collected from November 2017 to January 2020, including general demographic characteristics, female physiological data, and body composition indicators such as muscle mass percentage and bone mass. Generalized linear models were used for data analysis.

The average age and average menopausal age of the participants were (59.1±5.1) years and (50.4±2.9) years, respectively. After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, compared with the normal menopausal age group, both the early menopausal age group (β=–1.02, 95%CI: –1.83 to –0.21) and the late menopausal age group (β=–0.75, 95% CI: –1.43 to –0.06) were associated with decreased muscle mass percentage (both P values <0.05). No association was found between early or late menopausal age and bone mass percentage.

Early or late natural menopause is associated with decreased muscle mass percentage in postmenopausal women, but not with bone mass percentage.

To investigate the relationship between depressive status and changes in depressive status and fertility intentions among Chinese people of childbearing age.

Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), the depressive status of married individuals of childbearing age was assessed based on the CES-D 8 questionnaire, with a score of ≥7 considered indicative of depressive symptoms. First, using the 2020 CFPS data, χ² tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between current depressive status and fertility intentions among married individuals of childbearing age. Second, combining the 2018 and 2020 CFPS data, logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of changes in depressive status from 2018 to 2020 on fertility intentions in 2020.

A total of 8 905 married individuals of childbearing age were included in the 2020 CFPS survey, with a mean age of (37.1±7.3) years, of whom 53.7% were female. Among the participants, 1 068 (12.0%) expressed an intention to have children in the next two years. No significant correlation was found between depressive status and fertility intentions among all participants (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.69–1.03). Depressive status had an impact on women′s fertility intentions, with women experiencing depressive symptoms showing weaker fertility intentions (OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.55–0.99), but no significant correlation was observed in men. Combining the 2018 and 2020 data, compared to individuals whose CES-D 8 scores remained unchanged or decreased from 2018 to 2020, individuals whose CES-D 8 scores increased (i.e., worsening depressive symptoms) showed a significant decrease in fertility intentions (OR=0.15, 95%CI: 0.04–0.62).

There is a significant correlation between depressive symptoms and fertility intentions in women, with women experiencing depressive symptoms more likely to exhibit weaker fertility intentions. Furthermore, as the severity of depressive symptoms increases, individuals' fertility intentions gradually weaken.