To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors of fatal drowning in children and adolescents aged 0–17 years in Chongqing, thus providing evidence for the prevention and control of fatal drowning in this population.

The Child Drowning Death Questionnaire designed by the Chronic Disease Center of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was adopted to collect case information of fatal drowning in children and adolescents aged 0–17 years in Chongqing, 2022 by medical history/death record review, telephone interviews, household surveys, and home visits. The investigation comprised three essential components: basic information, drowning death accident information, and drowning death accident investigation process information.

In 2022, the drowning mortality of children and adolescents aged 0–17 years in Chongqing was 3.36/100 000 (standardized mortality of 3.42/100 000). The drowning mortality was higher in boys (4.64/100 000) than in girls (1.93/100 000) and higher in rural areas (4.19/100 000) than in urban areas (1.09/100 000). It was the highest among adolescents aged 15–17 years (5.66/100 000). There were differences in the places of fatal drowning among children of different ages (χ² = 59.918, P < 0.001), with those over 10 years old mostly occurring in natural water bodies, and those under 10 years old primarily happening in public water storage areas. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in injury intention of fatal drowning among children of different sexes (χ² = 3.866) and ages (χ² = 7.021). Most (90.82%) of fatal drowning in children was unintentional, of which 4.26% were skilled swimmers; 0.53% took preventive measures; and 2.70% were effectively cared for (with an adult caregiver, uninterrupted care for nothing else and at arm′s length). On-site first aid mainly consisted of passers-by and adult caregivers, mainly cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, the cases with time interval from drowning to CPR being ≤ 5 min only accounted for 6.76%.

The drowning mortality is high among children and adolescents in Chongqing, and special attention should be paid to the prevention of drowning in boys and rural areas. Attention be focused on the investigation and management of dangerous waters in rural areas, the swimming skill and water safety education for children and adolescents, the nursing awareness and nursing skill training of adult caregivers, the application of intelligent monitoring system in key waters, and the popularization of first aid technology.

To analyze the current status of biosafety laboratory management in testing institutions in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province from 2018 to 2023, identify weak points in management, and propose strategies to enhance the laboratory biosafety management.

A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the on-site biosafety assessment data from laboratories of the testing institutions in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2023.

From 2018 to 2023, a total of 125 institutions were inspected. The biosafety indicator compliance rates varied across different years (χ² = 27.409, P < 0.001). Among the indicators, labeling usage and management had the lowest compliance rate of 63.20%. In addition, significant differences were also found across years in terms of organizational management, facility and equipment, experimental waste management, and labeling usage and management (χ² = 24.312, 24.417, 21.098, and 16.614, respectively, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the distribution of laboratory biosafety assessment scores altered across different years (H = 89.843, P < 0.001).

Hangzhou has made continuous progress and demonstrated a high level in the laboratory biosafety management of testing institutions. However, there are still notable deficiencies in areas such as laboratory waste management, the use of labels, and organizational management.

To explore the difference of influencing factors on the death between young and middle-aged tuberculosis patients and elderly tuberculosis patients and construct an age-stratified nomogram prediction model for the death risk of tuberculosis patients.

A total of 100 811 confirmed cases of tuberculosis treated and closed in 14 designated tuberculosis hospitals in Hangzhou from January 2005 to December 2021 were included as the training set, and 7 669 confirmed cases treated and closed from January 2022 to June 2023 were included as the validation set. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to evaluate the independent risk predictors of death of young and middle-aged and elderly tuberculosis patients, and an age-stratified nomogram model was constructed. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated based on the index of consistency (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), and calibration curve.

Age (HR = 1.056, 95%CI: 1.047–1.066), gender (HR = 1.353, 95%CI: 1.060–1.727), current residence (HR = 1.792, 95%CI: 1.434–2.240), pathogenic diagnosis results (HR = 2.338, 95%CI: 1.711–3.193), drug resistance (HR = 1.724, 95%CI: 1.098–2.707), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (HR = 4.342, 95%CI: 1.391–13.552), history of tuberculosis (HR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.225–2.161), treatment plan (HR = 1.345, 95%CI: 1.054–1.716), use of fixed-dose combination (FDC) in the whole process or not (HR = 2.342, 95%CI: 1.310–4.188) were independent influencing factors for the death of young and middle-aged patients. Age (HR = 1.086, 95%CI: 1.080–1.092), gender (HR = 1.548, 95%CI: 1.390–1.724), pathogenic diagnosis results (HR = 2.144, 95%CI: 1.888–2.435), treatment management methods (HR = 1.182, 95%CI: 1.044–1.337), history of tuberculosis (HR = 1.217, 95%CI: 1.077–1.374), and use of FDC in the whole process or not (HR = 1.200, 95%CI: 1.010–1.426) were independent influencing factors for the death of elderly patients.

The factors influencing the death of young and middle-aged tuberculosis patients were different from those of the elderly. The age-stratified nomogram model constructed demonstrated good performance in predicting the death of tuberculosis patients.

To investigate the intestinal colonization rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among rural residents in Weifang city, Shandong province and identify the associated factors, thereby providing evidence for the prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria at the community level.

In November 2023, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 833 rural residents from 12 villages in Weifang city, Shandong province. Questionnaire surveys and fecal sample CRE detection were conducted. The colonization rate of CRE in the intestine and the associated factors were analyzed.

Among the 767 rural residents ultimately included in the analysis, 59 individuals had fecal samples that tested positive for CRE, resulting in an intestinal colonization rate of CRE being 7.69%. Among the 59 samples that tested positive for CRE strains, 38, 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, and 1 samples were positive for Escherichia coli (64.41%), Escherichia albertii (8.47%), Enterobacter hormaechei (8.47%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.78%), Proteus mirabilis (6.78%), Citrobacter freundii (3.39%), and Klebsiella variicola (1.69%), respectively. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that drinking unboiled well water or tap water (OR = 3.36, 95%CI: 1.16–9.71) and using animal manure as fertilizer (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.05–4.24) were positively correlated with the intestinal colonization rate of CRE among rural residents in Weifang city. In contrast, handwashing after using the toilet (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.15–0.70) and using an indoor toilet (OR = 0.18, 95%CI: 0.05–0.73) were negatively correlated with the intestinal colonization rate.

The intestinal colonization rate of CRE is high among rural residents in Weifang city, Shandong province, with E. coli being the predominant species. Drinking unboiled well water or tap water, using animal manure as fertilizer, handwashing habits after using the toilet, and using an indoor toilet are significantly associated with CRE colonization in the local rural population.

To understand the trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021 and provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control policies.

The data of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021). The standardized incidence rate and standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate were used for descriptive analysis. A Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze the trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021, and annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated.

The standardized incidence rate of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China increased from 0.42/100 000 in 1990 to 2.14/100 000 in 2021, showing an overall upward trend (AAPC = 5.40%, P < 0.001). The standardized DALYs rate decreased from 0.71/100 000 in 1990 to 0.07/100 000 in 2021, demonstrating a declining trend (AAPC = –7.09%, P < 0.001). The standardized incidence rate of dengue fever increased the most from 2010 to 2014 (APC = 21.19%, P < 0.001), and the standardized DALYs rate of dengue fever decreased the most from 1992 to 1998 (APC = –16.78%, P < 0.001). The standardized incidence rates of dengue fever in males, females, population < 5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years old increased from 0.39/100 000, 0.45/100 000, 0.29/100 000, 0.53/100 000, 0.46/100 000, and 0.41/100 000 in 1990 to 2.01/100 000, 2.28/100 000, 1.53/100 000, 2.53/100 000, 2.31/100 000, and 2.08/100 000 in 2021, respectively, showing a rising trend (all P < 0.001). The standardized DALYs rates of dengue fever in males, females, population < 5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years old decreased from 0.88/100 000, 0.52/100 000, 2.36/100 000, 0.37/100 000, 0.07/100 000 and 0.04/100 000 in 1990 to 0.08/100 000, 0.06/100 000, 0.15/100 000, 0.07/100 000, 0.03/100 000, and 0.03/100 000 in 2021, respectively, presenting a declining trend (all P < 0.001).

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China showed an increasing trend, while the DALYs rate showed a decreasing trend. The incidence rate in females and the population < 5 years old increased more.

To investigate the current status of job satisfaction and its influencing factors among public health service personnel in Shanxi province, and to provide a reference for improving the quality of public health services in Shanxi province.

From June to December 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 694 in-service personnel participating in public health services from 60 public health institutions and medical institutions in six cities in southern, central, and northern Shanxi province. An online questionnaire survey was conducted via the Questionnaire Star platform. Non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of job satisfaction among public health service personnel in the region. A random forest model was used to rank the importance of these influencing factors.

The overall job satisfaction score of public health service personnel in Shanxi province was 12.00 (11.75, 16.00). The satisfaction scores for talent treatment guarantee, talent incentive mechanism, talent evaluation model, and talent promotion mechanism were all 3.00 (3.00, 4.00). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female gender (β' = 0.063), higher occupational identity (β' = 0.206), willingness to participate in cross-training of clinical skills for public health technical personnel (β' = 0.029), establishment of a "peace-epidemic" functional transformation mechanism in the unit (β' = 0.042), establishment of a traditional Chinese medicine collaboration mechanism in the unit (β' = 0.056), complete information docking between the unit and medical institutions (β' = 0.071), slight improvement in personnel treatment guarantee in the past three years (β' = 0.103) and significant improvement (β' = 0.147), slight improvement in talent incentive mechanism (β' = 0.143) and significant improvement (β' = 0.170), slight improvement in talent evaluation model (β' = 0.084) and significant improvement (β' = 0.167), and slight improvement in talent promotion mechanism (β' = 0.152) and significant improvement (β' = 0.203) were associated with higher overall job satisfaction among public health service personnel in Shanxi province. A master′s degree or above (β' = –0.029) and participation in technical guidance for primary public health services (β' = –0.054) were associated with lower overall job satisfaction (all P<0.05). Random forest model analysis showed that the top five influencing factors in the importance ranking of job satisfaction among public health service personnel in Shanxi province were occupational identity, talent incentive mechanism, talent promotion mechanism, talent evaluation model, and personnel treatment guarantee, with %IncMSE values and IncNodePurity values of 41.94 and 804.52, 30.51 and 1464.13, 30.45 and 1454.41, 29.66 and 1681.55, and 23.78 and 988.18, respectively.

The job satisfaction of public health service personnel in Shanxi province is at a medium-to-high level. Efforts to improve their job satisfaction can focus on enhancing occupational identity, providing on-demand vocational training opportunities, strengthening information technology construction, and improving talent team development.

To understand the contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among rural elderly empty nesters in eastern, central and western China and the factors influencing them, thereby providing a basis for improving the health of rural empty nesters.

A total of 2 208 rural empty nesters aged ≥ 60 years from 48 villages in six provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (Zhejiang and Shandong in eastern China, Henan and Hubei in central China, and Chongqing and Gansu in western China) were selected by stratified random sampling from July 2023 to August 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information on individual characteristics, personal behaviors, interpersonal relationship, community conditions, medical insurance, and contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among rural empty nesters in eastern, central and western China. Furthermore, the factors affecting them were analyzed.

The overall contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services among rural empty nesters were 49.82% and 42.93% in eastern, central and western China, respectively. Specifically, the contract signing and utilization rates were 39.41% and 36.97% in eastern China, 36.46% and 23.80% in central China, and 83.68% and 79.34% in western China, with differences (χ² = 358.842, 450.389, both P < 0.001) among different regions. The results of multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analyses showed that in eastern China, the contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services were higher for rural empty nesters with annual personal income ≥ 5 000 CNY and lower for rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above, frequent social participation, and retirement. In central China, the contract signing rate was higher among rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above, home address 1 km to 3 km from the nearest medical service institution, and basic medical insurance for urban workers or commercial medical insurance; the utilization rate was higher among rural empty nesters with the education background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above and chronic diseases; the contract signing rate and utilization rate were lower among retired rural empty nesters. In western China, females, chronic disease patients, and smokers among rural empty nesters demonstrated higher contract signing rates, while chronic disease patients and smokers showed higher utilization rates; the contract signing rate was lower among rural empty nesters who used the Internet and had frequent social participation; the utilization rate was lower among rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above and frequent social participation.

The contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services are the highest among the rural empty nesters in western China. The factors influencing the contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among empty nesters were educational background, annual personal income, social participation, and employment in eastern China, educational background and employment in central China, and chronic diseases, smoking, and social participation in western China.

To construct an index system for health management adherence among rural older adults aged 60 and above with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), thus providing a measurement tool for understanding the current situation of health management adherence among this population.

The index system was initially determined by literature research and expert group discussion. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted among 25 selected experts. The analytic hierarchy process was adopted to calculate the weights of indexes.

Experts in the two rounds of consultation showed the positive coefficients of 100.0% and 72.0%, the authority coefficients of 0.892 and 0.883, and the Kendall′s coefficients of concordance of 0.172 and 0.206 (all P < 0.001), which indicated good concordance of experts′ opinions. The finally established index system was composed of 6 first-level indexes and 38 second-level indexes. In the two rounds of consultation, the indexes showed the importance scores of 4.62 ± 0.23 and 4.64 ± 0.22 and the coefficients of variation within the ranges of 0.00–0.23 and 0.00–0.19. The weights of the first-level indexes and second-level indexes ranged from 0.106 6 to 0.270 0 and from 0.007 4 to 0.074 0, respectively.

The index system for health management adherence among rural older adults with CMM is scientific and reliable, providing a measurement tool for evaluating health management adherence for rural older adults with CMM and a reference for related research.