To understand the epidemic dynamics and epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, thus providing a scientific basis for early warning, prediction, and prevention and control of this disease.

On the basis of the case data of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2023 in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, descriptive analysis was performed to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis, and the ARIMA model was adopted to predict the epidemic trend of this disease.

From 2017 to 2023, the annual reported incidences of human brucellosis cases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were 30.63/100 000, 39.92/100 000, 56.84/100 000, 64.77/100 000, 91.03/100 000, 79.57/100 000, and 70.34/100 000, respectively. The incidence rose from 2017 to 2021 and declined from 2022 to 2023 (χ² = 7 843.95, P < 0.001). The epidemic had obvious seasonality (Z = 5 561.78, P < 0.01). The cases showed a male: female ratio of 2.20:1, with farmers accounting for 78.4%. The proportion of cases with a time interval of 0 to 15 days between onset and diagnosis increased year by year (χ² = 419.38, P < 0.001). The reported cases in the acute phase and subacute phase accounted for 80.21% and 16.27%, respectively. The proportion of reported cases transitioning from acute and subacute phases to chronic phase decreased year by year (χ² = 581.18, P < 0.01). The ARIMA(2,1,1)(0,1,1)₁₂ model established with the minimum AIC value of 224.65 was the optimal, demonstrating satisfactory fitting effect in prediction.

The reported incidence of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region shows an overall upward trend from 2017 to 2021 and a decreasing trend from 2022 to 2024.

To analyze the detection status and epidemiological characteristics of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies of suspected measles and rubella cases in Hebei province from 2020 to 2024, thus providing technical support for optimizing the prevention and control strategies.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect IgM antibodies in the serum samples of suspected measles and rubella cases in Hebei province from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024, and the test results were analyzed.

A total of 8 064 serum samples were tested. Among them, 214 (2.65%) were positive for measles IgM antibodies, and 80 (0.99%) were positive for rubella IgM antibodies. The years 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 showed the annual positive rates of measles IgM antibodies being 5.38%, 2.70%, 2.05%, 1.89%, and 1.58% and the annual positive rates of rubella IgM antibodies being 2.30%, 0.97%, 0.85%, 0.54%, and 0.47%, respectively. The IgM antibody positive rates of both measles and rubella showed a declining trend from 2020 to 2024 (all P < 0.001). From 2020 to 2024, positive cases of both measles and rubella were detected among the suspected cases every month. The highest monthly positive rates for both measles (18.67%) and rubella (12.03%) occurred in January. Geographically, Cangzhou city had the highest measles IgM positive rate (4.73%), while Qinhuangdao city had the highest rubella IgM positive rate (4.21%). No significant gender difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the IgM antibody positive rate for measles (2.75% in males vs. 2.54% in females) or rubella (1.11% in males vs. 0.86% in females). Age-specific analysis revealed significant variations (P < 0.001). Specifically, the age groups of < 8 months, 8 months to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, 10 to 19 years, and ≥ 20 years showed the IgM antibody positive rates of measles being 3.77%, 3.95%, 1.45%, 1.99%, and 1.40% and the IgM antibody positive rates of rubella being 0.94%, 0.70%, 0.65%, 4.47%, and 0.75%, respectively. The IgM antibody positive rates of measles in suspected cases with no vaccination, one-dose vaccination, and two-dose vaccination were 2.80%, 8.46%, and 0.79%, respectively, showing significant differences (χ² = 209.186, P < 0.001). The IgM antibody positive rates of rubella in suspected cases with no vaccination, one-dose vaccination, and two-dose vaccination were 1.16%, 1.34%, and 0.76%, respectively, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05).

The IgM antibody positive rates of measles and rubella in suspected cases in Hebei province consistently declined from 2020 to 2024, being the highest in January. Cangzhou and Qinhuangdao were identified as key areas for the prevention and control of measles and rubella, respectively. Measles prevention should prioritize younger age groups and individuals who have not completed the full vaccination course, whereas rubella prevention efforts should focus on the population of 10 - 19 years old.

To analyze the whole genome sequences and the population evolution characteristics of monkeypox viruses from four cases in Guizhou province from 2023 to 2024.

Samples were collected from four monkeypox cases in Guizhou province, and the whole genome sequences of the viruses were obtained by amplicon sequencing. High-quality genome sequences of monkeypox viruses in Asia from 2022 to 2024 were screened and downloaded from the GISAID database to construct a population dataset containing 173 sequences. This dataset was used for divergence time estimation, phylogenetic analysis, and mutation site identification.

In the population dataset, the number of sequences was the largest in 2023 (126), followed by that in 2022 (33) and 2024 (14). It was estimated that the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of monkeypox viruses emerged in 2013, with an evolutionary rate of 3.77×10⁻⁵ subs/site/year. From 2022 to 2024, the diversity of monkeypox virus lineages declined, with the dominant lineage changing from IIb.A.2 to IIb.C.1. China had the most diverse monkeypox virus lineages, including IIb.C.1, IIb.B.1.3, IIb.B.1.20, IIb.B.1, IIb.B.1.5, and IIb.A.1. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the prevalent strains in 2022 were mainly related to lineage A of clade IIb. In 2023, IIb.C.1 became the dominant lineage, and it further evolved to be dominated by sublineage IIb.C.1.1 with the emergence of IIb.B.1. Due to the limited data volume of the 2024 samples, no significant new clusters were formed. The viruses from the four cases in Guizhou province all belonged to the clade IIb.C.1. Nine to 20 mutation sites were identified in each sample. Among them, N3R_R84K was the common mutation site of the four cases, and amino acid mutations and back mutations were observed at this site.

Monkeypox viruses present variations and diversity in China, and its evolutionary dynamics show obvious time dependence. The monkeypox viruses from all the four cases in Guizhou province from 2023 to 2024 belonged to the lineage IIb.C.1 and all carried the key mutation site N3R_R84K. Continuous monitoring of the viral genome should be carried out, with close attention paid to the sources, transmission chains, and variations of the virus.

To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province and its associated factors, providing a scientific basis for developing targeted prevention and control measures for dyslipidemia.

From January to June 2023, 32 857 permanent residents aged ≥18 years in Hainan province were selected via a random cluster sampling method to participate in a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province was investigated. Furthermore, a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was adopted to examine the influencing factors of the prevalence in the local population.

Among the 31 341 adult residents included in the final analysis, 13 377 were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 42.68% and a standardized prevalence rate of 39.40%. Hypercholesterolemia (high TC) showed a prevalence rate of 26.39% (8 271 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 22.34%. Hypertriglyceridemia (high TG) had a prevalence rate of 17.82% (5 586 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 18.62%. High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (high LDL-C) showed a prevalence rate of 17.26% (5 408 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 14.35%, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (low HDL-C) had a prevalence rate of 8.05% (2 524 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 9.02%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by body mass index, BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were risk factors for dyslipidemia, while being female, residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. For hypercholesterolemia (high TC), the risk factors included being female, age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while protective factors were residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight. For hypertriglyceridemia (high TG), rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were identified as risk factors, whereas being female, age ≥ 45 years, being married, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. High LDL-C was associated with risk factors such as age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while higher educational background (college or above), residing in central and western China, and being underweight were protective factors. For low HDL-C, risk factors included diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio, while being female, age ≥ 45 years, alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors.

The prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult residents in Hainan Province is high, with hypercholesterolemia (high TC) being the most common subtype. Age, diabetes, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio were identified as common influencing factors for the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its four subtypes in this population.

To compare different cryopreservation methods for lymphocytes and explore an optimized preservation protocol.

Cryoprotectant formulations [containing different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), fetal bovine serum (FBS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] were screened for lymphocytes to identify two optimized formulations: experimental group 1 (C11): (7.5% DMSO + 10% FBS + 2.5% PEG + 2% BSA) and experimental group 2 (C21): (7.5% DMSO + 2.5% PEG + 2% BSA). On this basis, cryopreservation performance was compared between the two optimized cryoprotectant formulations paired with their respective optimal cooling rates (C11: −3 °C/min; C21: −1 °C/min) and the conventional cryopreservation method [control group (C0)]: (10% DMSO + 90% FBS) with gradient cooling. After 5 days of cryopreservation, cells were thawed to assess preservation quality indicators in terms of cell viability and functionality across groups.

The cell recovery rate at 0 h post-thawing in the control group (C0) (65.70 ± 1.06)% was lower than that in the experimental group 1 (C11) [(82.45 ± 3.27)%, t = −8.44, P < 0.05] and experimental group 2 (C21) [(83.96 ± 0.81)%, t = −23.72, P < 0.05]. The apoptosis rate at 0 h post-thawing in the control group (C0) (6.93 ± 0.55)% was higher than that in the experimental group 1 (C11) [(5.30% ± 0.56)%, t = 3.61, P < 0.05] and experimental group 2 (C21) [(4.93 ± 0.45)%, t = 4.87, P < 0.05]. Moreover, the differences between groups were statistically significant.

Based on multifactorial screening and optimization, the experimental group 2 using a serum-free cryoprotectant with a cooling rate of −1 °C/min outperforms the conventional cryopreservation method in terms of cell quality. This preservation protocol provides a scientific reference for the cryopreservation of lymphocytes.

To grasp the occurrence pattern and epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning events in China from 2014 to 2023, thus providing a basis for the prevention and control of poisonous mushroom poisoning.

The epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents reported by the Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System (PHERMIS) nationwide from 2014 to 2023 were descriptively analyzed.

From 2014 to 2023, a total of 570 poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents were reported nationwide, involving 2 768 reported poisoning cases and 604 deaths. The incidents with 1 to 2 cases and 1 death were predominant, accounting for 35.79% and 48.77% of the total number of incidents, respectively. June to September was the period with high incidence (83.51%) of poisonous mushroom poisoning. Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou were the provinces with higher incidence of poisonous mushroom poisoning, with the reported incidents accounting for 35.79%, 16.32%, and 10.70% of the total, respectively. Self-picked poisonous mushrooms were the main source of poisoning, which accounted for 91.75% of the total number of incidents. The occurrence place of the incidents was mainly households, which accounted for 86.67% of the total number of incidents. Twenty-four species of poisonous mushrooms were identified through the surveillance reports, of which Amanita (Amanitaceae) caused the highest number of poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents, poisoning, and deaths, which accounted for 23.86%, 18.03%, and 31.46% of the total, respectively.

Deaths caused by poisonous mushroom poisoning remain the main factor of deaths caused by food poisoning. The incidence is high in summer and fall, and accidental picking and ingestion by families are the main cause. The poisonous mushrooms eaten by mistake mainly belong to Amanita.

To examine the age-related trajectories of the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and their longitudinal association with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among middle-aged and elderly Chinese residents, providing scientific evidence for dietary guidance in T2DM prevention.

Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort (1991–2018). A total of 4 342 participants aged ≥ 40 years without baseline diabetes, who had completed ≥ 3 rounds of dietary surveys and ≥ 2 rounds of assessments on sociodemographics, lifestyle, medical history, anthropometry, and blood glucose, were included. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify E-DII trajectory patterns, and a two-level Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association between E-DII trajectories and T2DM incidence.

The study included 4 342 middle-aged and elderly participants aged ≥ 40 years, contributing 29 979 person-years of follow-up, mean follow-up (6.90 ± 2.54) person-years. During the follow-up, 401 T2DM cases were identified, yielding an incidence density of 13.38 per 1 000 person-years and a cumulative incidence of 9.24%. Three distinct E-DII trajectory groups were identified for both sexes. Among males, the three groups were labeled as "moderate pro-inflammatory–increasing" (78.82%), "moderate pro-inflammatory–decreasing" (6.10%), and "high pro-inflammatory–stable" (15.08%) groups, with cumulative T2DM incidence rates of 10.05%, 14.17%, and 11.45%, respectively. Among females, the three groups were "low pro-inflammatory–increasing" (16.60%), "moderate pro-inflammatory–decreasing" (6.74%), and "moderate pro-inflammatory–stable" (76.66%) groups, with cumulative T2DM incidence rates of 9.90%, 3.75%, and 8.19%, respectively. After adjusting for baseline age, educational background, marital status, residence, annual per capita family income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep duration, chronic disease history, mean daily energy intake, body mass index, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and follow-up duration, a two-level Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that females in the "moderate pro-inflammatory–stable" and "low pro-inflammatory–increasing" groups had 3.22-fold (95%CI: 1.37–7.55) and 4.81-fold (95%CI: 1.96–11.83) higher risks of T2DM, respectively, than those in the "moderate pro-inflammatory–decreasing" group. No significant association was observed in males.

Pro-inflammatory dietary patterns are prevalent among middle-aged and elderly Chinese residents. In females, both an upward trend in E-DII with age and sustained high pro-inflammatory levels are associated with an elevated risk of T2DM.

To understand the current status and influencing factors of the first-dose and full-course vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV) among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015, thus providing evidence for formulating HPV vaccination strategies for girls.

Data related to HPV vaccination for 691 632 girls born between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015 and registered in the Beijing Immunization Information System were collected. The current status and influencing factors of the first-dose and full-course vaccination for HPV were analyzed.

Among the 691 632 girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015, 27 011 girls received the first dose of HPV vaccine, with the first-dose vaccination rate of 3.91%; 12 534 girls received the full course of HPV vaccines, with the full-course vaccination rate of 1.81%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis results showed that girls born in Beijing between 2010 and 2011, as well as those in areas covered by the HPV vaccination program, had higher first-dose vaccination rates for HPV. In contrast, girls born in Beijing between 2012 and 2015, those with non-local or unknown household registration, and those living in suburban and outer suburban areas had lower first-dose vaccination rates. Among the girls born in Beijing, those residing in areas covered by the HPV vaccination program had a high full-course vaccination rate, while those born between 2011 and 2015, those with unknown household registration, and those living in outer suburban areas had lower full-course vaccination rates.

The girls born in Beijing between 2009 and 2015 had lower first-dose and full-course vaccination rates for HPV, especially those born between 2012 and 2015, living in outer suburban areas, and in areas not covered by the HPV vaccination program.

To analyze the myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023, thus providing a basis for comprehensive prevention and control for myopia.

A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 42 007, 41 680, 43 410, 43 114, and 39 893 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 17 years old from September to October every year from 2019 to 2023 for visual acuity examination.

The myopia rates of students aged 8 to 17 from 2019 to 2023 were 65.59%, 66.56%, 67.51%, 67.09%, and 66.20% respectively, showing a steady trend (APC = 0.29, P > 0.05). The reporting rate of students wearing orthokeratology lenses increased from 2.90% in 2019 to 7.75% in 2023, with an annual growth rate of 27.61% (P < 0.05). The myopia rates in urban areas from 2019 to 2023 were 68.95%, 70.22%, 71.29%, 70.59%, and 69.06%, respectively, which were higher than those (62.56%, 63.22%, 64.09%, 64.08%, and 63.64%, respectively) in rural areas. The proportions of students wearing orthokeratology lenses in urban areas were 4.94%, 6.11%, 9.06%, 11.11%, and 12.70%, respectively, which were higher than those (0.88%, 1.13%, 2.40%, 2.50%, and 2.95%, respectively) in rural areas. The reporting rate of urban students wearing orthokeratology lens showed an upward trend (APC = 26.98, P < 0.01), and that of rural students showed an upward trend (APC = 32.74, P < 0.01). In 2023, the full correction rate of 8- to 17-year-old students wearing orthokeratology lenses was 76.52%. With the increase in age, the proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses and the full correction rate first increased and then decreased, being higher among students aged 10 to 12 years old.

The myopia rate is high among students aged 8 to 17 years old in Beijing. The proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses is increasing year by year, and the full correction rate of orthokeratology lens is high.

To analyze the screening and follow-up results for colorectal cancer (CRC) among urban residents in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2021, thereby providing evidence for optimizing local CRC screening strategies.

From July 2014 to December 2021, a randomized cluster sampling method was used to select 521 799 urban residents aged 40–74 years from 44 communities (8 in Gulou district, 5 in Yunlong district, 15 in Quanshan district, 5 in Jiawang district, and 11 in Tongshan district) in Xuzhou city. A risk assessment questionnaire was administered to identify high-risk populations for CRC, followed by clinical screening. The high-risk rate, colonoscopy compliance rate, and lesion detection rate were analyzed. All participants in the questionnaire survey underwent regular follow-up, with detailed documentation of outcomes.

From 2014 to 2021, a total of 118 012 urban residents in Xuzhou completed the questionnaire, with 15 444 high-risk individuals (high-risk rate: 13.09%) being identified. Among the high-risk group, 4 070 underwent colonoscopy (compliance rate: 26.35%). Colonoscopy detected non-neoplastic polyps (1 096 cases), non-advanced adenomas (812 cases), advanced adenomas (191 cases), and CRC (5 cases), which showed the detection rates of 26.93%, 19.95%, 4.69%, and 0.12%, respectively. The early diagnosis rate was 85.46% (194/227). By December 31, 2023, the median follow-up time was 6.1 years, with 458 reported CRC cases (cumulative incidence: 0.39%) and 107 CRC deaths (cumulative mortality: 0.09%). Among confirmed cases with TNM staging (280 cases, 61.14% of total new cases), the proportion of early-stage cancer was higher in the high-risk group (62.79%) than in the non-high-risk group (44.73%) (χ² = 4.76, P = 0.029).

From 2014 to 2021 in Xuzhou, colonoscopy compliance and CRC detection rates remained low among high-risk urban populations. The high-risk group exhibited a higher proportion of early-stage cancer than the non-high-risk group, which suggested that CRC screening in high-risk populations can improve the early diagnosis rate.