In order to quickly and effectively extinguish the lithium-ion battery fire，solve the problems concerned in the fire protection field，such as long fire extinguishing time and high water consumption，and explore the inhibition effect of hydrogel extinguishing agent on the thermal runaway of large capacity lithium-ion batteries. Firstly，the microstructure of hydrogel at high temperatures was analyzed by an environmental scanning electron microscope. Then，by building a lithium battery combustion test platform，the hydrogel fire extinguishing test was carried out. Taking the 135 Ah square aluminium case ternary lithium-ion battery pack for vehicles as the test object，the electric heating method was used to induce its thermal runaway and explore the cooling inhibition effect of hydrogel on lithium batteries. The results show that the pore structure of the hydrogel is destroyed after being heated，which is conducive to its adhesion to the surface of the object and continuous cooling. When using hydrogel for fire extinguishing and cooling，the maximum cooling rate of the battery surface is twice that of water. After the hydrogel is sprayed，the temperature of the lithium battery rises slowly，and the heating rate is only half that of water. Compared with water，the hydrogel can delay the thermal runaway of adjacent batteries for a longer time，which can bring longer safety time for rescue and escape.

The causality causal graph of hazardous chemical accidents was developed to improve the safety management level of hazardous chemical enterprises. Firstly，based on the accident investigation report，an entity-relationship joint extraction model was proposed through an improved CasRel technique. Furthermore，the proposed model aimed to improve the extraction accuracy of textual information by incorporating the relationship-aware bidirectional encoder representation method (R-Bert) and Span pointer network. Subsequently，similarity calculation methods were used to generalize the events to enhance the graph's comprehensiveness and accuracy. Then，the refined data was stored in the Neo4j graph database visualizing the associations between events. Finally，the corresponding guestion-answering system was proposed based on the developed causal graph，and then an intelligent question-answering system for the causality of hazardous chemical accidents was proposed. The results indicated that the F₁ value calculated by the improved CasRel model was 90.5%，and the prediction accuracy of the proposed model was 2% higher than that simulated by the original model. The hazardous chemical accidents causal graph and intelligent question-answering system performed well in terms of multiple evaluation indexes，clearly revealing the logical relationship between events. Therefore，the proposed model in this study can meet question-answering needs of hazardous chemical accidents，facilitating the exploration of accident patterns and potential risk factors，and enabling accident trend prediction.

In order to investigate the influence of interdependent relationships in urban infrastructure systems on urban resilience，a combination of theoretical analysis and Python simulation was used to study the resilience change process of urban interdependent infrastructure systems under perturbation. Firstly，the network of urban interdependent infrastructure was constructed based on the resilience mechanisms and multilayer network theory. Then，the cascading failure process of the urban interdependent infrastructure network after three kinds of external perturbations under the functional linkage was explored，and the resilience assessment model of the urban interdependent infrastructure network was constructed based on the infrastructure function curve method. Finally，a county in the central north of Hunan Province was taken as the research object to conduct an example study. The results show that the clustering coefficient of power nodes in the interdependent infrastructure network is significantly higher than the overall average. The communications network has the strongest resistance and recovery of the 5 types of infrastructure networks and the highest level of resilience. The reliability of the overall interdependent infrastructure network and its sub-networks gradually decreases as the probability of node failure in the network increases，and the number of network layers increases. The network efficiency recovers to a higher level in a shorter time with the betweenness recovery strategy，indicating that it is more appropriate to use the betweenness recovery strategy for this infrastructure network.

In order to improve traffic safety in the coupling area of the township fair and through-village highway，a secondary road through villages and towns in Yunnan Province was taken as the research object. The core area and the radiation area of the fair were defined according to the affordable travel distance of the township residents and the maximum trading radius of the fair. On this basis，29 risk factors in 6 dimensions of people，vehicles，roads，environment，management and accident form were selected. The risk factor identification model based on association rules was used to construct the risk factor network of highway accidents through villages and towns. By analyzing the characteristics of network topology，accident risk factors were identified. The results show that the traffic conflict in the core area of the fair is more serious，and the probability of injury accidents is 57.99 %. The core area of the township fair is the primary risk factor for accidents and plays a leading role in the spread of accident risks. The types of direct risk factors for property loss accidents and injury accidents are heterogeneous. Overall，the average clustering coefficient of driver factors is the largest，which makes it easy to produce a chain reaction. In the core area of the fair，the probability of injury accidents increases by 23.71% and 21.07%，respectively，when the driver's meeting vehicles are improper，and the driver does not give way according to the regulations.

In order to further improve the basic role of emergency shelters in comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation，a multi-dimensional evaluation index system for emergency shelters was constructed based on the resilience perspective in five aspects: safety of the place，standardization of management，accessibility to transportation，guarantee of service and reconstruction and recovery. A comprehensive evaluation model was established by combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. Taking the Ouhai District of Wenzhou City as an example，based on the first comprehensive natural disaster risk survey data and open source data，the disaster prevention and mitigation ability of emergency shelters in the district was comprehensively evaluated，and the scientific and effectiveness of the model was verified. The study shows that the constructed index system and comprehensive evaluation model can be used to analyze and evaluate the disaster prevention and mitigation ability of emergency shelters，the weak indicators of emergency shelters can be found，and the direction of optimization and improvement can be provided for managers. In the case analysis，the low resilience emergency shelters in Ouhai District are mainly concentrated in the western mountainous areas，and the resilience of village-level emergency shelters is relatively low，which is consistent with the actual situation，proving.

In order to coordinate the distribution and use of materials in the emergency supply chain，the reliability evaluation indexes of the emergency supply chain were refined based on literature analysis. The reliability evaluation index system of the emergency supply chain was established，which was composed of three first-level indicators of organizational guarantee reliability，system institutional reliability and operation process reliability and 17 corresponding second-level indicators. AHP，EWM，and trigonometric fuzzy number were used to calculate the index weights，and the partial order relationship containing weight information was introduced into the evaluation，and the combined weighting-partial order set model was constructed to evaluate the reliability of the emergency supply chain. The reliability level of the emergency supply chain in five county-level cities of city C was evaluated and analyzed by using the model. The results show that the reliability of the emergency supply chain in the five county-level cities can be divided into four categories，among which the reliability level of region 03 is high，the reliability level of region 04 and 02 is relatively high，the reliability level of region 05 is medium，and the reliability level of region 01 is low. Through comparative analysis，the strengths and weaknesses of each region，and the areas needing improvement are obtained. This evaluation model can effectively evaluate the reliability level of the emergency supply chain.

To prevent collision accidents caused by ships failing to take timely and effective avoidance actions due to unclear situation awareness，an emergency ship maneuvering method aimed at addressing urgent dangerous threats was proposed. Based on the data from collision accident investigation reports，the ship encounter process was reconstructed. Considering the uncertainty and randomness of the ship collision risk，a bell-shaped grey cloud model was developed to obtain PCR in real-time and reveal its temporal evolution characteristics. The Kriging spatial interpolation algorithm was used to obtain the perception and graph representation of PCR between two ships. Furthermore，an avoidance decision-making assessment index was proposed to provide emergency maneuvering methods for steering collision avoidance. The validations of the collision accident in the crossing situation indicated that steering avoidance could effectively avoid a close-quarters situation if the give-way ship had taken action by the rudder in a crossing situation and turned starboard by 112.5° before the time of closest point of approach (TCPA) was 10 min. Furthermore，if the give-way ship did not take any action，the stand-on ship should turn to starboard by 45° before the TCPA was 4 min to effectively avoid immediate danger. This study proposes a fine-grained accident data-driven emergency ship-handling method that can be implemented in conjunction with traditional radar mapping and nautical experience ship-handling methods.

To systematically review the research progress and current status of fault analysis in civil aircraft flight control systems，both domestically and internationally，this review study was carried out. The study focused on identifying typical fault types of flight control systems through analysing QAR data. Firstly，the process of QAR data preprocessing and feature extraction was summarized. Secondly，based on the performance metrics achievable by fault analysis，four stages of fault research were proposed，including fault monitoring，fault identification，fault diagnosis，and fault prediction. Finally，by combining the progress and depth of domestic and international research，typical fault types of flight control systems were identified，including rudder hydraulic leakage，inconsistent elevator indications，and flap actuation delays. Commonly used QAR data items for modeling include aircraft primary control surface positions，flight attitudes，aircraft performance，left and right flap angles，and flap positions. Calculation methods encompass physical models，multivariate statistics，logical reasoning，and machine learning. The results show that through a systematic analysis of the latest research progress in subsystems such as rudder，elevator，and flaps，it is found that certain achievements have been made in fault types，parameter selection，and the improvement of calculation methods. However，the fault research stage is primarily focused on fault diagnosis or non-real-time prediction. Further emphasis is required on addressing safety assurance and practical maintenance needs to achieve real-time fault prediction technology.

In order to strengthen the understanding of the contribution of the risk zoo to risk culture construction and explore its practical and applied value，the mechanism and path of cultural identity of the risk zoo were explored based on cultural identity theory. As an important carrier of risk culture construction，the cultural identity path of risk zoo also follows the framework of risk culture identity system. The cultural identity system of the risk zoo was presented from two aspects: individual and group. The results show that individual identity develops progressively along the path of value identity→emotional identity→behavioral identity，and group identity develops progressively along the path of risk concept→risk communication→risk participation. Cultural identity is the basis for the practical application of the risk zoo，and the practical application framework of the risk zoo should be carried out in accordance with the cultural identity system. It can actively guide individuals to build a healthy risk awareness and lead groups to create a good risk culture through the creation of a science popularization platform that combines online and offline，and places equal emphasis on professionalism and communication.

In order to effectively prevent the unsafe driving behavior of take-away riders and reduce the traffic accidents caused by take-away riders，based on the work mechanism of take-away platforms' "rush game"，combined with the theory of stress perception evaluation，a theoretical model characterising the effects of time pressure and competitive atmosphere perception on unsafe driving behavior of take-away riders was constructed from the perspective of safety attitude and exemplary norms. A reliable questionnaire was designed through literature review，and 360 valid samples were collected from take-away riders all over the country. The data reliability was analyzed by SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 24.0 data analysis software，and the theoretical model was verified by hierarchical regression analysis using Process 4.0. The results show that time pressure and competitive atmosphere perception have significant positive effects on unsafe driving behavior. Safety attitude can significantly negatively affect the unsafe driving behavior of take-away riders. Safety attitude can mediate the relationship between time pressure and unsafe driving behavior，and also mediate the relationship between competitive atmosphere perception and unsafe driving behavior. Exemplary norms can positively regulate the relationship between safety attitude and unsafe driving behavior.