To better design the smoke exhaust system for tunnel shafts in high-altitude areas, numerical simulation methods were used to calculate and analyze the effects of environmental pressure and shaft inclination angle on the smoke plug-holing effect during tunnel fires. The temperature fields under different working conditions were obtained using FDS simulations. The plug-holing height was introduced to determine the degree of plug-holing for each working condition. Combined with the degree of plug-holing, the dimensionless Richardson number (Ri') was redefined, and a theoretical calculation model for the plug-holing height was proposed. The critical Ri' number (Ri_c') for the occurrence of plug-holing was derived. The results show that the plug-holing height increases with the increase of the angle and environmental pressure. The Ri' number decreases with the decrease of environmental pressure and increases with the increase of the shaft inclination angle. Under the same environmental pressure, Ri_c' number decreases with the increase of the shaft inclination angle. The relationship between Ri' number and the Ri_c' number can be used to determine whether a complete plug-holing effect occurs.

In order to enhance the emergency management capabilities of metal mines on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a comprehensive intelligent emergency capability evaluation model was developed based on the application of intelligent technology. By analyzing the region's unique geographical conditions and complex mining operations, a five-dimensional evaluation index system was proposed, encompassing intelligent technology, behavioral safety, resource allocation, institutional mechanisms, and community relations. This study employed ANP method to determine indicator weights and applied the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method to systematically assess the intelligent emergency capabilities of three representative metal mines (Mines Y, V, and J) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The findings indicate that the comprehensive evaluation system of smart emergency capability based on ANP-VIKOR covers 5 dimensions, including "intelligent technology, behavior safety, resource allocation, mechanism, and community relationship", with a total of 20 evaluation indicators. It fully integrates the complex geographical environment, extreme climatic conditions, and mining operation characteristics of the region. It is helpful to make up for the lack of quantitative research on smart emergency capability in plateau areas. In the case, the mine J exhibits the strongest intelligent emergency management capabilities, particularly excelling in intelligent technology and emergency response. Mine Y demonstrates a moderate level of technological application with notable improvements in emergency management over time, while Mine V shows room for improvement in resource allocation and emergency response speed. The significant differences in emergency capabilities reflect the uneven development of intelligent emergency systems in plateau mining areas. The effectiveness and adaptability of the constructed model are verified.

In order to realize scientific risk assessment of public opinion on extreme rainstorms, this paper proposed a public opinion risk assessment method of extreme rainstorm disasters based on three-way decisions under the event system theory. From the perspective of event system theory, this method determined the life cycle of public opinion and built indicators for evaluating the risk of public opinion on extreme rainstorm disasters by integrating three dimensions: time, space, and strength. Meanwhile, this paper integrated review helpfulness with hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy sets, effectively quantifying public opinion preferences regarding risk assessment indicators of public opinion. On this basis, the paper extended the three-way decision method to classify public opinion risk into five levels, achieving a scientific assessment of public opinion risk towards extreme rainstorm disasters. Using actual cases and comparative analyses, the effectiveness and adaptability of the risk assessment model of public opinion towards extreme rainstorm disasters were verified. The results show that the proposed method not only successfully realizes the scientific selection of public opinion risk assessment indicators with respect to extreme rainstorm disasters and the effective quantification of public opinion preferences, but also alleviates the decision-making errors caused by the information and cognitive limitations of existing assessment methods to a certain extent.

In order to prevent fires in urban villages, IGWO and BP neural network were used to predict the risk of fires in urban villages. By introducing nonlinear convergence factors and mutation operators, the traditional grey wolf optimizer (GWO) was improved to enhance its global search capability, convergence speed, and stability. Furthermore, a fire risk prediction model for urban villages based on IGWO optimized BP neural network (IGWO-BP) was constructed. Taking into account the complexity and specificity of urban village fire risk factors, an indicator system was developed to predict fire risk, and an empirical study was conducted for verification. The results show that IGWO has significantly improved global search ability, convergence speed, and stability compared to traditional GWO, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the Great Wall construction algorithm (GWCA). The IGWO-BP model can predict fire risk in urban villages by processing fire risk indicators.

In order to reveal the water-rock coupling mechanism of CO₂ geological storage. This study employed literature research and theoretical analysis to introduce the experimental conditions and methods for CO₂-water-rock reactions, the physicochemical property changes of reservoirs after CO₂ action, the evolution of microstructure, and the deterioration characteristics of mechanical properties. Key issues regarding the multi-field coupling effects of CO₂-water-rock interactions were proposed, and the research progress on each key issue was summarized and analyzed. The results indicate that systematic research on the dissolution effects of CO₂ in different phases and under long-term dynamic conditions is lacking in CO₂ immersion tests. The experimental setups fail to accurately simulate the migration characteristics of CO₂ in real reservoirs. The mechanism governing the generation, transport, and adhesion of precipitates in CO₂-water-rock reactions remains unclear. This leads to limited research on the correlation between pore structure evolution and mechanical property degradation in reservoirs. Furthermore, the substantive relationship between reservoir microstructure and macroscopic mechanical parameters has not yet been established, which hinders the development of multi-scale damage evolution models. Additionally, current models for reservoir mechanical property degradation do not fully account for the multi-field coupling effects of thermal-hydrological-mechanical-chemical-damage interactions.

Emergency medical material reserve of a certain scale is established for the realization of the army's rapid response service guarantee capability. In order to study the moral risk caused by the asymmetry of information on the effort level between the army and the storage enterprises in the process of emergency medical material production capacity reserve, the military representative's mid-term supervision system was introduced into the design of the reserve incentive mechanism in combination with the characteristics of the army, and a two-stage incentive model was constructed to analyze the influence of the enterprise's effort level and the mid-term supervision of the military representative on the incentive effect, and to make a comparison with the situation of no mid-term supervision. The results show that the military medium-term supervision system has a significant incentive effect on the storage enterprises, can effectively inhibit the lazy behavior of the enterprises and enhance the effectiveness of emergency material protection, thus providing decision support for the formulation of incentive policies for the army production capacity reserve under the condition of asymmetric information.

In order to study the dynamic law and differential response of coal deformation for different gases in the whole process of adsorption-desorption, the deformation test was carried out under the conditions of adsorption-desorption of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂ in primary coal by utilizing the dynamic test platform for adsorption / desorption deformation of coal bodies. The results show that the adsorption strain of each gas changes with time in Langmuir form, and the coal bodies with the strong adsorption gases exhibit larger deformation and faster response. The body strain of different adsorbed gases in the process of desorption decreases with the increase of desorption amount in a nearly linear manner, and the desorption shrinkage of the strong adsorption gas is more significant, but the residual deformation is also larger, and the residual body strain of CO₂ is twice that of CH₄, and that of CH₄ is almost twice that of N₂. With the same desorption gas amount, the shrinkage deformation caused by CH₄ is the most obvious, and the shrinkage deformation caused by CO₂ and N₂ is about 1/3 of it. In the whole process of adsorption and desorption, the adsorption strain is anisotropic and changing constantly, and the adsorption strain in the direction perpendicular to the bedding is always larger than that parallel to the bedding. The change of anisotropy coefficient of CO₂ is the largest, that of N₂ is the next, and that of CH₄ is the smallest.

To solve the problem of difficulty in balancing trajectory optimization and real-time performance in lane change and obstacle avoidance trajectory planning for intelligent vehicles, a CBR mechanism based intelligent vehicle lane changing and obstacle avoidance trajectory planning method was proposed. The optimal trajectories in typical scenarios were obtained by offline optimization of the fifth-degree polynomial trajectory parameters, forming an optimal case library consisting of the state variables and decision variables. The optimal trajectory correction rule in the new case scenario was explored, and a trajectory key parameter update function was established. Thus, existing case trajectories were directly called in similar case scenarios, and the lane changing and obstacle avoidance trajectories were updated according to state variables such as vehicle speed and position in new case scenarios, thus the case library was updated. The comparative test results show that the trajectory performance of proposed method is basically consistent with that of the fifth-degree polynomial online optimization method, and is significantly better than that of A^* and Rapidly-exploring Random Trees-star(RRT^*) methods. Specifically, the maximum curvature of the trajectories from the proposed method and the fifth-degree polynomial online optimization method are both 0.001 2 m^-1, and the maximum lateral acceleration of the trajectories from the two methods are both 1.245 7 m/s² in the similar case scenario. While in the new case scenario, the maximum curvature of the trajectories from the two methods are both 0.001 4 m^-1, and the maximum lateral acceleration is 1.194 9 and 1.1365 m/s², respectively. Meanwhile, compared with the three comparative methods of the fifth-degree polynomial online optimization, A^* and RRT^*, the proposed method has the smallest planning time. The planning time in the new case scenario and the similar case is only 0.001 1 and 0.000 1 s, respectively.

In order to enhance the accident monitoring effect and early warning efficiency of lithium-ion battery energy storage power stations and reduce the probability of fire occurrence, aiming at the problems existing in prefabricated cabin LiFePO₄ (LFP) battery energy storage power stations, such as passive monitoring delay, inaccurate monitoring of a single parameter, and ambiguous classification of disaster risks, an active online multi-source monitoring and hierarchical early warning system for LFP energy storage power stations was designed. Firstly, the thermal runaway and fire occurrence process of the energy storage power station was analyzed. The characteristic index set of each level was constructed, which is specific: internal temperature (single), internal pressure-sound (battery Pack), H₂ and CO concentration (battery cluster), smoke characteristic image (battery chamber), and plan a detailed monitoring implementation path. Then, based on the four-level early warning corresponding to the four levels, formulate the early warning strategy and clarify the early warning process. Experimental results demonstrated that: This monitoring and early warning system can effectively achieve the early warning of LFP energy storage power stations. Under 2C overcharging conditions, it can give an early warning of the thermal runaway of 32 Ah battery cells 38.9 min in advance. The combustion of the 344 Ah battery module was warned 53.2 min in advance under the condition of 0.5C overcharging. This study proves that this system can provide an effective guarantee for the safe operation of energy storage power stations.

To improve the safety of EP in application fields, Calcium Terephthalate(CaT), a metal-organic framework (MOF) material, was utilized synergistically with the liquid flame retardant bisphenol A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) to flame-retardant modify the EP/PPO system. The flame retardant properties were characterized using the limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter tests. The curing kinetics and pyrolysis kinetics of the modified EP/PPO system were investigated using the Kissinger, FWO (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa), and Crane equations. The results show that when 8% BDP and 2% CaT are added to EP, the composite exhibits good flame retardant performance. 34.5% of the limiting oxygen index is reached. V-0 rating of the vertical burning test is achieved. The peak heat release rate and the total heat release are reduced by 76.6% and 51.5% respectively compared to pure EP. The incorporation of CaT is found to be beneficial for the curing reaction. The optimal curing temperature could be determined by extrapolation from non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry curves. It is an initial stage at 100 ℃, followed by 120 ℃, and finally 170 ℃. Analysis of non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis curves and pyrolysis kinetics demonstrates that EP/PPO system exhibits lower activation energy.