To evaluate the effect of salt-reducing intervention on the content of sodium of dishes in catering units in Shandong.

A stratified, random sampling method was used to recruit a representative sample of catering units, and finally 60 catering units were selected and divided into the intervention group and control group. The content of sodium was determined according to the national detection standard (GB/T 5009.91-2003).

After six months of intervention, the content of sodium of dishes in the intervention group’s catering units decreased from 436 mg/100 g 369 mg/100 g (Z=-3.88, P<0.001), with a decrease of 15.4%, while the control group only decreased by 4.3%. The monthly average salt consumption per meal in the intervention group decreased from 6.49 to 6.03 grams (Z=-3.12, P<0.05).

The salt-reducing intervention can reduce the content of salt of the dishes, and the monitoring of indicators, such as salt consumption, number of diners and sales ratio of low salt dishes in catering units, should be complied.

This study aims to investigate the mortality among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Fangchenggang City, Guangxi Province, and to identify associated factors with AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related deaths, providing scientific evidence for reducing AIDS mortality.

We collected data from the National Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. These data included socio-demographic and follow-up records of 2 728 HIV-1 infected individuals receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) treatment in Fangchenggang City from January 1, 2005 to July 5, 2022. This dataset included socio-demographic and follow-up records during the specified period, providing a comprehensive insight into the therapeutic responses, survival rates, and potential associated complications among ART-treated HIV/AIDS patients within Fangchenggang City. Socio-demographic and follow-up data were analyzed using the cumulative incidence function (CIF) under a competing risk framework and the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard regression model to assess the associated factors with both AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related deaths.

With an average follow-up period of 6.7 person-years, 295 cases experienced AIDS-related death with a mortality rate of 1.06/100 person-years, while 227 cases died from non-AIDS-related causes, with a mortality rate of 1.2/100 person-years. Under consideration of competing risks, the cumulative incidence of AIDS-related death at 1 year, 5 years, and 13 years post-diagnosis was 2.5%, 8.5%, and 15.0%, respectively. The factors associated with a higher risk of AIDS-related death included: age 60 years or older (aHR=1.5, 95%CI: 1.05~2.15), current spouse’s infection status unknown/not investigated (aHR=1.39, 95%CI:1.03~1.90), history of prophylactic treatment for opportunistic infections (aHR=1.4, 95%CI:1.06~1.84), and occurrence of opportunistic infections or tumors (aHR=1.65, 95%CI: 1.12~2.45). On the contrary, factors associated with a lower risk of AIDS-related death included: being female (aHR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.49~0.90), initial treatment regimen containing EFV (aHR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.25~0.68), having changed the treatment regimen (aHR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.12~0.29), first CD₄ cell count ≥ 200 cells/μL (aHR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.20~0.45), initial viral load (VL) between 50 to 1000 copies/ml (aHR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.18~0.54), and VL < 50 copies/ml (aHR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.44~0.84). Regarding non-AIDS related deaths, passive detection (aHR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.0~1.98), uninvestigated/unknown spouse’s infection status (aHR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.01~1.95), and first CD₄ cell count ≥200 cells/μL (aHR=1.68, 95%CI:1.27~2.22) were found to be associated with increased risk. In contrast, lower risk factors included being female (aHR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.37~0.81), having experienced a change in antiviral treatment regimen post-initiation (aHR=0.33, 95%CI:0.21~0.50), initial treatment regimens containing EFV (aHR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.34~0.88), and NVP (aHR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.3~0.83).

The mortality rate among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Fangchenggang City is relatively low. This study underscores the importance of preventing and treating opportunistic infections or tumors for improving the survival of HIV/AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS care clinics should particularly focus on monitoring and following up on female patients, older patients, and those detected passively, enhancing medication adherence, expanding HIV testing among key populations, and thereby striving to reduce the mortality rate among AIDS patients.

To offer insights for enhancing the hierarchical medical system and guiding patient healthcare-seeking behaviors systematically, this study analyzes referral willingness and influencing factors of tertiary public hospitals and primary healthcare institutionsamong chronic disease patients in Sichuan Province.

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 297 chronic disease patients. Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Chi-square tests were employed to analyze the downward referral willingness of chronic disease patients from tertiary public hospitals and the upward referral willingness to primary healthcare institutions.

Patients in large public hospitals showed low downward referral willingness (44.2%). Rural residence, prior medical consortium services, and greater distance from tertiary hospitals increased willingness. Primary healthcare patients exhibited a 28.1% upward referral willingness, influenced by occupation, age, and use of outpatient special disease policy services.

Referral willingness is generally weak in large public hospitals and primary healthcare institutions. Enhancing the comprehensive capacity of primary healthcare institutions, strengthening collaborative mechanisms and the level of medical services within medical consortia, along with expanding reimbursement policies for chronic diseases, contributes to promoting bidirectional patient referrals and advancing the formation of a tiered diagnosis and treatment system.

To analyze the relationship between dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among residents in selected districts of Chongqing,and to provide recommendations for the prevention of T2DM.

Using cross-sectional survey data collected in Chongqing as part of the 2021 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS), and in combination with energy and nutrient intake calculated from the Chinese Food Composition Tables, single-factor and multi-factor Logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association between n-3 PUFA intake and the incidence of T2DM.

This study included a total of 1 511 participants, of which 280 were diagnosed with T2DM, accounting for 18.80% of the total. When compared to participants in the lowest quartile of animal-derived n-3 PUFA intake, those in the highest quartile had a significantly lower risk of developing T2DM (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.42-0.88). The results from adjusted Model 1 were consistent with those of Model 2 (Model 1: OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.44-0.94; Model 2: OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.44-0.98). Notably, in Model 2, the risk of developing T2DM was even lower in the Q₄ group of plant-derived n-3 PUFA compared to Q₁ (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.24-0.98).

The dietary intake of animal-derived n-3 PUFA and plant-derived n-3 PUFA is negatively correlated with the incidence of T2DM. The association between animal-derived n-3 PUFA and T2DM weakens after adjusting for confounding factors, with the highest quartile of plant-derived n-3 PUFA showing the strongest protective effect against T2DM.

To investigate thejob satisfaction and analyze influencing factors of health workers in basic public health service projects.

164 primary medical institutions in Jiangxi Province were selected according to the method of phased cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the health personnel providing basic public health services in these institutions. Nonparametric test and ordered multiclass logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of job satisfaction.

Among the 3 018 basic public health service workers, the average score of job satisfaction was 24.52±6.84 points. The proportion of very dissatisfied, relatively dissatisfied, average, fairly satisfied and very satisfied were 3.78%, 9.87%, 39.83%, 23.92% and 22.60%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational background, job category, working years, income, overtime, training and performance reward mechanism had statistical significance on the overall job satisfaction score (P<0.05).

The job satisfaction of health worker in basic public health service projects in Jiangxi Province was above average. In order to improve the job satisfaction, we can improve the promotion and guarantee mechanism for grassroots talents, strengthen vocational training, and improve the assessment mechanism.

To analyze the epidemiological trends of Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly population in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the specific formulation of prevention and treatment measures.

Based on data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, we analyzed quantitative changes in the number of incidences and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of Alzheimer’s disease among people aged 60 to 89 years in China from 1990 to 2019. Trend changes over the period were assessed by calculating the annual percentage change (AAPC) and linkage regression analysis, age-period-cohort models were constructed by Stata17 to analyze trends in DALY incidence and rates along three dimensions: age, period, and cohort.

The number of DALY and Alzheimer’s disease incidence cases in the Chinese elderly population in 2019 was 1 526 516 and 5 034 024 person-years, respectively, with 5 829 523 and 1 956 623 person-years of DALY and Alzheimer’s disease incidence in elderly men, and 943 563 and 3 077 401 person-years of DALY and Alzheimer’s disease incidence in elderly women, respectively. The Chinese elderly population in 2019 Incidence and DALY rates were 600.49 per 100 000 and 1 980.23 per 100 000, respectively, increasing at an average rate of 1.12% and 0.81% per year, with a more pronounced increase in elderly men than in elderly women.

China’s elderly population faces a heavy burden of disease from Alzheimer’s disease, and the government should take immediate action to alleviate the heavy morbidity and financial burden on patients.

Different library construction methods, combined with high-throughput sequencing methods, were used to understand the genetic characteristics of the virus of the first confirmed imported monkeypox case in mainland China, and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different library types.

The herpetic fluids and nasopharyngeal swabs of the first imported monkeypox case in the Chinese mainland were used as samples. After nucleic acid extraction and quantification, the library was directly constructed or the amplicon library was constructed using the monkeypox virus whole genome capture kit, and the whole genome sequence of the virus was obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Combined with 34 monkeypox virus sequences downloaded from the NCBI and GISAID databases, a phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed using vaccinia, variola, and cowpox sequences as out groups.

The whole genome sequence of the virus was obtained by both library construction methods, named hMpxV/China/CQ-CQCDC-001/2022, which belongs to the monkeypox virus branch IIb, located in the same branch as hMpxV/Germany/BE-ChVir28656/2022 belonging to the IIb B.1 branch. Metagenomic libraries have more uniform sequence coverage than amplicon libraries, but the sequencing depth is lower and the effective data volume accounts for less.

Clade IIb B.1 monkeypox viruses have already been introduced into the mainland China, and the sequencing of subsequently discovered monkeypox viruses should be based on the sample size and sequencing timeframe, sequencing cost-effectiveness ratio, and other factors to choose the appropriate library construction method.

To analyze the incidence trend of cancer from 2015 to 2020 in Sichuan Province and provide a reference for prevention and control of cancer.

Based on the cancer-related case information data on the Homepage of medical records in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020, the crude incidence rate was calculated, and the average annual change percentage (AAPC) of incidence rates was analyzed with Joinpoint 4.2.0.1.

The new cancer cases in Sichuan Province increased from 181 490 in 2015 to 276 770 in 2020, and the incidence rate increased from 198.57/10⁵ in 2015 to 304.76/10⁵ in 2020. From 2015 to 2020, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was 7.514%, 6.751%, 8.611%, 4.713%, and 6.838%, respectively. The incidence of cancer in the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone and the Northwest Sichuan Ecological Economic Zone showed a rising trend, AAPC values with statistical significancebeing 7.549% and 9.668%, respectively. From 2015 to 2020, the incidence rate of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer in Sichuan Province showeda rising trend, with AAPC values of 11.220%(95%CI:5.866-16.845),6.606%(95%CI:1.395-13.202),6.322%(95%CI:1.411-11.472),5.765%(95%CI:1.431-10.284) and 13.222%(95%CI:7.396-19.364),respectively.

The incidence of cancer in Sichuan Province shows a rising trend, and the prevention and control situation is grim. Lung cancer, digestive system cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer are the dominant cancer types in Sichuan Province, and specific prevention, control and screening should be strengthened.

To evaluate the marginal effects of inputs on hospital outputs and the impacts of Integrated County Medical Community on hospital efficiency.

A stochastic frontier model was employed to estimate the production frontier and efficiency of each hospital, and a difference-in-difference method was utilized to identify the net effect of Integrated County Medical Community on hospital efficiency, including a heterogeneity analysis of this effect.

Our findings revealed that, in contrast to investments in fixed assets and equipment, hospital output exhibited a heightened elasticity in response to investments in beds, practicing physicians, and registered nurses. From 2016 to 2022, hospitals in Sichuan Province demonstrated an augmented level of efficiency, with a more conspicuous improvement observed subsequent to the initiation of Integrated County Medical Community. The net positive effect of this policy on hospital efficiency in was approximately 1.17 percentage points (P<0.001), where for-profit hospitals exhibited a greater sensitivity to this effect (P<0.05).

The Integrated County Medical Community pilot in Sichuan Province significantly improved the overall efficiency of hospitals, with a notably greater improvement observed in for-profit hospitals.

To establish a depression prediction model for adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and validate the model.

Patients’ data were collected from the gynecological clinic of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University according to the item pool of risk factors for depression in adolescents with PCOS. Data collected between October 2021 and September 2022. In this study, R software (version 4.2.1) was used to perform regression analysis by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), so as to screen out strong risk factors related to depression in adolescents with PCOS. These risk factors were then incorporated into logistic regression to develop a depression warning model in adolescents with PCOS. The model has been visualized by nomogram and has been verified both internally and externally. The predicted effect of the model was evaluated through discrimination, specificity and sensitivity. Decision curve analysis was used to analyze the clinical effect of the model.

The model was as follows: depression risk=1/(1+exp-(-4.055+0.221×sleep+0.729×hormonal contraceptive use+0.920 ×hirsutism+0.079×illness perception -0.058×social support+1.049×(luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone)≥2)). The area under the ROC curve for this model was 0.881. The optimal cut-off value on the ROC curve was 0.278, corresponding to a high specificity and sensitivity of 76.2% and 88.0%, respectively. The corrected area under the ROC curve obtained was 0.867. In addition, the result of decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide effective evidence support for clinical decision-making. The area under the ROC curve obtained from external validation was 0.871.

In this study, an early warning model of depression risk in adolescents with PCOS was constructed. It can effectively identify people at high risk of depression in adolescents with PCOS at an early stage, thus providing a theoretical basis for the implementation of comprehensive and effective risk prevention measures.