To analyze the influencing factors and urban-rural differences in health impairment among empty-nest elderly in China, providing references for reducing health risks and optimizing allocation of elderly care resources.

Using data from 4 025 empty-nest elderly in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS 2018), binary logistic regression was employed to identify influencing factors, and Fairlie decomposition was used to analyze urban-rural differences.

The prevalence of health impairment was 10.58%.Logistic regression showed significant associations with age, physical examination, pension insurance, ≥2 chronic diseases, outdoor activities, and access to healthcare/life care services. Fairlie decomposition revealed a total urban-rural difference of -0.0606, with 44.06% explained by observable factors. The main contributors were: number of chronic diseases (28.22%), healthcare access (19.64%), outdoor activities (-14.36%), and physical examination (7.76%).

Urban empty-nest elderly show higher health impairment rates than rural counterparts. Priority should be given to addressing disparities in chronic disease management, healthcare access, outdoor activities, and health examination between urban and rural areas.

To examine the impact of fertility opportunity cost on childbearing intention among career women, with particular focus on career development cost.

Using data from the Chinese Residents’ Psychology and Behavior Survey, we analyzed 2 183 career women through binary logistic regression to assess how fertility opportunity costs (represented by career development costs) influence childbearing intentions.

Among participants, 348 (15.9%) reported higher career development costs, while 627 (28.7%) expressed childbearing intention. Regression analysis showed positive associations between childbearing intention and: Han ethnicity (OR=1.863, 95%CI: 1.086-3.196), being married (OR=2.528,95%CI: 1.842-3.471), having ≥2 children (OR=1.687, 95%CI: 1.175-2.423), and higher career development costs (OR=1.336,95%CI: 1.038-1.721). Negative associations were found for age ≥36 years (OR=0.465, 95%CI: 0.273-0.795) and government/institutional employment (OR=0.770, 95%CI: 0.597-0.994).

Fertility opportunity costs, particularly career development costs, significantly influence career women’s childbearing intentions. These findings highlight the need for workplace policies that better support work-life balance and reduce opportunity costs associated with childbearing.

To construct a contemporaneous network model of adolescent obesity-related eating behaviors and family health, identifying potential intervention targets to provide reference for effective management of obesity-related eating behaviors and prevention of obesity-related diseases.

A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 1 065 adolescents from 120 Chinese cities between July and September 2021. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Chinese version of the Sakata Eating Behavior Scale, and Chinese version of the Family Health Scale. Network analysis was performed using R language to explore relationships between obesity-related eating behaviors and family health.

The network model revealed FH2 (family health lifestyle) as the node with the highest expected influence (EI=0.970). EB6 (others’ eating behavior stimulates my eating desire) showed the highest bridge expected influence (BEI=0.048), while FH3 (family health resources, BEI=-0.397) and EB1 (irregular mealtime, BEI=-0.235) exerted strong negative connecting effects in the network.

Interactive relationships exist between adolescent obesity-related eating behaviors and family health. Targeted interventions focusing on eating behavior regulation, integration of family health resources, and establishment of regular mealtimes may improve dietary behavior management and prevent obesity-related diseases in adolescents.

To investigate the status and influencing factors of fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), providing evidence for improving glycemic management and psychological health.

From March 2022 to January 2023, 302 elderly T2DM patients from three tertiary hospitals in Chengdu were assessed using general information questionnaires, Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Worry Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.

The mean FoH score was 33.009±11.243, indicating high overall fear levels. Random forest model screening (optimal λ=0.77925) identified seven key factors in descending importance: psychological resilience, social support, subjective support, objective support, support utilization, hypoglycemia type, and education level. Multiple linear regression showed psychological resilience (β=-0.315, 95%CI: -0.455 to -0.246), subjective support (β=-0.260, 95%CI: -0.845 to -0.374), objective support (β=-0.176, 95%CI:-0.895 to -0.256), and support utilization (β=-0.145, 95%CI:-1.327 to -0.226) negatively influenced FoH, while hypoglycemia type (β=0.314, 95%CI: 2.227 to 3.873) and frequency (β=0.296,95%CI: 2.632 to 4.719) were positive contributors.

Elderly T2DM patients exhibit high FoH levels influenced by multiple factors. Healthcare providers should enhance psychological resilience and social support, with particular attention to patients experiencing severe or frequent hypoglycemic episodes.

To investigate the compositional and functional differences in gut microbiota between Tibetan hyperuricemia patients and healthy controls in Lhasa.

From the Southwest China Natural Population Cohort, 108 Tibetan participants were enrolled and stratified into hyperuricemia and control groups based on serum uric acid levels. Fecal samples underwent metagenomic sequencing, with bioinformatics analyses comparing microbial composition and function. Spearman correlation and linear regression assessed phenotype-microbiome associations.

Hyperuricemia patients showed significantly reduced α-diversity (W=938.000, P=0.046). Fusobacterium varium (LDA=4.315, P<0.001), Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (LDA=4.284, P=0.018), and Oscillibacter sp. PEA192 (LDA=4.259, P=0.050) were enriched in hyperuricemia, whereas Bacteroides uniformis (LDA=4.032, P<0.001), Phocaeicola dorei (LDA=3.750, P=0.028), and Bacteroides fragilis (LDA=3.945, P=0.005) predominated in controls. B. pseudolongum positively correlated with hyperuricemia (r=0.267, P=0.005), while B. uniformis showed negative association (r=-0.305, P=0.001).

Tibetan hyperuricemia patients exhibit gut dysbiosis characterized by reduced beneficial bacteria and increased pathogenic species, which may contribute to disease pathogenesis.

To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum and investigate its in vitro hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities as well as preventive effects on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

Single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface methodology were employed to determine the optimal extraction conditions. In vitro experiments evaluated the inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase activities. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, high-fat diet (HFD), and three treatment groups (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg doses),with six mice per group. After 8 weeks of intervention, serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes, blood glucose, and histopathological changes were analyzed.

The optimal extraction conditions yielded 10.43 (±0.52) mg/g total flavonoids. The IC50 values for pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase inhibition were 0.99 mg/ml and 5.17 mg/ml, respectively. Compared with HFD group, medium and high dose groups showed significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, and blood glucose levels (P<0.05), along with improved hepatic and adipose tissue pathology.

The optimized extraction process effectively enhances flavonoid yield from Allium mongolicum, and the obtained flavonoids demonstrate potential in preventing high-fat diet-induced obesity by improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.

To investigate the knowledge and attitudes of tuberculosis (TB) control workers regarding preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, providing evidence for promoting LTBI preventive treatment.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among TB control workers from 14 prefectures in Xinjiang. Data were entered using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS 26.0, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.

Among 235 respondents,92.77% (218/235) knew about LTBI, 63.40% (149/235) understood the probability of LTBI progression, 73.62% (173/235) knew screening methods, 29.79% (70/235) recognized high-risk populations, 65.11% (153/235) knew target groups for preventive treatment, and 60.85% (143/235) understood treatment efficacy. Of those aware of LTBI, 71.56% (156/218) believed preventive treatment was necessary. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in recommending preventive treatment by gender (χ²=4.565, P=0.033), occupation (χ²=10.839, P=0.004), knowledge of treatment efficacy (χ²=16.490, P<0.001), perceived necessity (χ²=122.919, P<0.001), and training experience (χ²=5.200, P=0.023). Main concerns included uncertain efficacy (39.57%), adverse reactions (32.34%), public knowledge gaps (15.32%), and implementation difficulties (12.77%).

TB control workers demonstrated limited knowledge and moderate acceptance of LTBI preventive treatment. Targeted training and education programs are needed to improve acceptance and implementation of preventive treatment among high-risk populations.

To establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection prevention and control in hospitals, and conduct empirical research to analyze current management status and propose improvement strategies.

The evaluation system was developed through literature review, Delphi expert consultation, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess current MDRO prevention and control practices.

Both Delphi rounds achieved 100% response rates, with expert authority coefficients (Cr) of 0.9736 and 0.9794 respectively. Kendall’s W values were 0.520 (χ²=645.23, P<0.01) and 0.537 (χ²=593.525, P<0.01) for successive rounds. The system demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach’s α=0.757) and validity (I-CVI=0.833-1.000, S-CVI/UA=0.938,S-CVI/Ave=0.990), comprising 3 first-level, 15 second-level, and 48 third-level indicators. Empirical data revealed suboptimal implementation: MDRO patient reporting rate (23.71%), isolation rate (59.79%), PPE utilization (14.95%), and hand hygiene compliance (53.09%). ICUs showed significantly higher MDRO infection rates (1.88‰, χ²=39.130, P<0.01), detection rates (25.58%, χ²=103.308, P<0.01), and identification rates (16.76%, χ²=1629.737, P<0.01) than other departments.

The developed evaluation system is scientifically sound and practical. Current MDRO prevention measures require substantial improvement, necessitating targeted interventions and precision management strategies.

To analyze the quality of life (QoL) status and influencing factors among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) co-infected individuals in Yunnan using structural equation modeling (SEM), providing empirical evidence for improving their QoL.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2024 using convenience sampling in Dehong, Dali, Kunming, and Lincang. Data on socio-demographics, social support, and depression were collected, with QoL assessed using the SF-36 scale. SEM was constructed using AMOS 24.0.

The mean QoL score (65.91±21.71) was lower than Chinese norms. SEM revealed direct effects on physical health from monthly income (β=0.18, 95%CI: 0.09-0.29), occupation (β=-0.09, 95%CI: -0.18 to -0.01), HIV diagnosis duration (β=-0.11, 95%CI: -0.19 to -0.02), HIV knowledge (β=-0.36, 95%CI: -0.47 to -0.27), HCV knowledge (β=-0.14, 95%CI: -0.22 to -0.05), social support (β=0.14, 95%CI: 0.02-0.28),and depression (β=-0.34, 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.24). Monthly income (β=-0.17, 95%CI: -0.27 to -0.06), HIV knowledge (β=0.14,95%CI: 0.05-0.24), and social support (β=-0.25, 95%CI: -0.36 to -0.11) indirectly affected physical/mental health through depression.

HIV/HCV co-infected individuals in Yunnan exhibit poor QoL. Interventions should enhance mental health support and social assistance, particularly targeting those with low income, unemployment, long HIV diagnosis duration, and limited disease knowledge to improve treatment adherence and self-management.

To evaluate the independent and joint effects of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and sarcopenia on fall risk among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed baseline data from 2011 and recorded fall events during 9-year follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression models were established to examine independent and joint effects, with sensitivity analyses conducted to verify robustness.

Among 9 037 participants, 3 627 (40.1%) experienced falls during follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression showed both KOA (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.38-1.65) and sarcopenia (HR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.11-1.40) were independent risk factors for falls. For joint effects, compared with the non-KOA/non-sarcopenia group, the non-KOA/sarcopenia (HR=1.25, 95%CI:1.09-1.42), KOA/non-sarcopenia (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.37-1.67), and KOA/sarcopenia (HR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.46-2.29) groups all showed increased fall risks. Sensitivity analyses confirmed result stability.

Both KOA and sarcopenia increase fall risk in middle-aged and older adults, with their combined effect exceeding individual impacts. Enhanced fall prevention strategies combining early intervention and comprehensive measures should be implemented for this vulnerable population.