To investigate the status of heavy metal pollution in lotus root samples in Shandong Province and to assess the health risk.

A total of 1 927 lotus root samples were collected by stratified random sampling method in 16 cities of Shandong Province. According to GB 5009.2682016 "Determination of Multi-elements in Food" and GB 5009.172014 "Determination of Total Mercury and Organic Mercury in Food", the contents of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic in lotus root were determined and analyzed. The pollution index method was used to assess the pollution status of heavy metals in lotus roots, and the target hazard coefficient method and total target hazard coefficient method were used to quantitatively assess the health risks of heavy metals in lotus root to human health.

The four heavy metals in lotus root in Shandong Province were detected to varying degrees. The average values of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic were 0.017 4, 0.004 6, 0.001 8, and 0.029 9 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 42 samples exceeding the standard were collected from 1 927 samples in this study, with an overall eligibility rate of 97.82%. The pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of the four heavy metals in lotus root were all lower than 0.7. The THQ and TTHQ values of the four heavy metals in adults and children were all less than 1.

The overall level of heavy metals in lotus roots in Shandong Province is relatively low. The health risks caused by heavy metals exposed by residents consuming lotus root are at an acceptable level, so it is suggested to continuously monitor the level of heavy metals in lotus root and evaluate its health risk.

To understand the changes of height and growth retardation of students in nutrition improvement plan areas from 2012 to 2021 since the implementation of "Nutrition Improvement Plan for Students receiving Compulsory Education in Rural areas" in 2011, so as to provide a theoretical basis for better improvement of students’ health status and further decision-making.

The stratified cluster sampling method was used to evaluate nutritional status of the students in the monitored schools in Hebei Province by physical examination, monitoring their height and calculating the growth retardation rate.

In 2021, the average height of male and female students in the same age group increased by 3.62cm and 2.65cm on average compared with 2012. The height increase of boys and girls in the same age group was statistically different (all P<0.01). From 2012 to 2021, the peak of average height increase for boys was between the ages of 12 and 13, with an added value of 5.7cm, while that of girls was between the age of 11 and 12, with an added value of 4.3cm. From 2012 to 2021, the growth retarding rates of boys and girls decreased year by year, and the Chi-square linear trend test showed that the difference was statistically significant (Chi-square linear trend test all P<0.005).

From 2012 to 2021, the average height of students aged 6 to 15 years old in the areas under the nutrition improvement plan of rural students in our province increased. However, since the baseline data in 2012 was higher than the national level in rural areas, the height has tended to be stable in recent years, so the average growth rate of students is lower than the national level, and the growth retardation rate of students shows a decreasing trend year by year, and the growth retardation rate is lower than the national average level.

To explore the impact mechanism of peer relationship networks in children and adolescents on overweight and obesity, and to provide some empirical basis for the health management and intervention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Based on a sampling survey data on overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in Nanchong City of Sichuan Province, social network analysis, regression analysis, and Bayesian network models were used to analyze the specific impact mechanism of peer relationship networks on overweight and obesity.

Logistic regression showed that high personal popularity(OR=0.001, 95% CI=0-0.026) and high personal activity(OR=0.084, 95% CI=0.009-0.790) were associated with reduced detection of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, with a relatively stronger correlation between personal activity and obesity. In addition, high household income(OR=19.237, 95% CI=3.799-97.403), high-energy dietary patterns(OR=21.660, 95% CI=1.600-292.904), sitting still for more than 8 hours(OR=10.395, 95% CI=2.013-53.687) increased the risk of overweight and obesity. Long exercise time(OR=0.085, 95% CI=0.019-0.378), both parents have attended college(OR=0.023, 95% CI=0.003-0.169), and mental health(OR=0.030, 95% CI=0.006-0.147) Children and adolescents with high sleep quality(OR=0.006, 95% CI=0.001-0.045) had a lower risk of developing overweight and obesity. The BIC score of the Bayesian network model was -3 954.8. When both individual activity and popularity were set at the 0:1:0 level, the detection probability of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents was 0.126, which was at the lowest level. Adjusting for other intervention variables under the recommended appropriate social network level(i.e. moderate popularity and moderate activity), with the best effect on controlling exercise duration, the likelihood of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents will decrease to 0.044. If social network indicators, dietary habits, exercise duration, psychological and sleep conditions were controlled simultaneously, the detection probability of overweight and obesity was 0, which will achieve the best expected prevention of overweight and obesity detection.

Strengthening social networks, changing lifestyle habits, and improving dietary quality may be important links in the prevention and treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the responsibility of government departments to accelerate the construction of a comprehensive overweight and obesity prevention and control system.

To analyze the influencing factors of condom use frequency and multiple sexual partners(two variables reflecting risky sexual behavior) among HIV-infected women of childbearing age in Xinjiang, and to explore the mediating effect of the "discrimination perception-anxiety-risky sexual behavior" path.

From September 2021 to September 2022, 231 HIV-infected women of childbearing age were selected from designated antiviral treatment institutions in Xinjiang Province by convenient sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted among them, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to condom use and multiple sexual partners per sexual act. ROC curve and AUC value were used to evaluate the model effect. AMOS software was used to establish the mediating effect model of the discrimination-anxiety-risky behavior path.

Among the 231 participants, 25.41% were infected with multiple sexual partners, 36.4% used condoms every time they had sex, 47.6% were protected, and 52.4% were mild or vulnerable. Unclear HIV infection status of sexual partners(OR=12.515, 95% CI: 3.088-50.724), high perception of discrimination(OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.052 -1.156) were risk factors for multiple sexual partners, and medication compliance was good(OR=0.338, 95% CI: 0.149-0.763) as a protective factor for multiple sexual partners; HIV positive OR unknown sexual partner(95% CI:0.049-0.499), rural domicile(OR=0.477, 95% CI:0.260-0.877), anxiety(OR=0.973, 95% CI:0.949-0.997) were the relevant factors for condom use; "Discrimination perception" could indirectly affect "risky sexual behavior" through "anxiety", and the indirect effect size of this path was 0.031, accounting for 10.8% of the total effect.

Low frequency of condom use and multiple sexual partners in HIV infected women of childbearing age in Xinjiang Province lead to the occurrence of risky sexual behaviors.

To describe the incidence of adverse birth outcomes in AIDS-infected parturients in Anhui province, and to analyze the effects of antiretroviral treatment, complications during pregnancy, and other socio-demographic factors on adverse birth outcomes.

Information of all HIV-infected mothers and their newborns in Anhui province from 2011 to 2023 was collected from the National Direct Reporting Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B. The risk factors of adverse birth outcomes among HIV-infected mothers were analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis.

In Anhui Province, the incidence of at least one adverse birth outcome, preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth/neonatal death, and birth defect was 13.9%, 9.0%, 8.2%, 2.6%, and 0.3%, respectively. The risk of total adverse birth outcomes was higher in AIDS-infected women with higher education (OR=2.770, 95% CI: 1.043-7.354), farmers (OR=2.877, 95% CI: 1.454-5.692), and moderate to severe anemia (OR=4.053, 95% CI: 1.411-11.643). Higher education level (OR=3.815, 95% CI: 1.145-12.705), occupation as a farmer (OR=2.763, 95% CI: 1.228-6.218), pregnancy combined with diabetes (OR=2.546, 95% CI: 1.025-6.325) promoted premature birth; The risk of low birth weight was higher in farmers (OR=2.626, 95% CI: 1.108-6.224), taking anti-HIV drugs (OR=12.949, 95% CI: 1.209-138.725), moderate to severe anemia (OR=4.281, 95% CI: 1.288-14.224) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR=4.880, 95% CI: 1.207-19.735). First marriage/divorce/widowhood (OR=0.264, 95% CI: 0.108-0.646) was associated with a lower risk of low birth weight than unmarried/cohabiting individuals. The effect of syphilis in pregnancy on stillbirth/neonatal death was statistically significant (OR=32.795, 95% CI: 1.178-913.003).

Further interventions are needed to improve pregnancy outcomes for women living with HIV.

To explore the association between adherence to community-based health management and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

The study encompassed 2 171 T2DM patients engaged in community health management in Huai’an District, Jiangsu Province. Adherence across five domains—medication, diet, exercise, self-monitoring, and hospital medical check-ups—was evaluated using the Diabetes Regimen Adherence Questionnaire. Adherence was classified as good or poor based on median scores, while glycemic control was defined by HbA_1c levels below 7.0%. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between health management adherence and glycemic control.

After adjusting for confounding factors, the OR for achieving glycemic control among patients with good adherence in medication, diet, exercise, self-monitoring, hospital medical check-ups, and overall adherence were 1.402(95% CI:1.173-1.677), 1.231(95% CI:1.030-1.471), 0.985(95% CI:0.821-1.183), 0.968(95% CI:0.806-1.162), 1.107(95% CI:0.924-1.326) and1.050(95% CI:0.880-1.252), respectively, compared to those with poor adherence. In a subsequent analysis excluding patients with concurrent hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and tumors, the OR were 1.987(95% CI:1.321-2.990) for medication, 1.606(95% CI:1.077-2.397) for diet, 1.282(95% CI:0.867-1.895) for exercise, 1.378(95% CI:0.910-2.085) for self-monitoring, 1.663(95% CI:1.126-2.456) for hospital medical check-ups, and 1.593(95% CI:1.077-2.354) for overall adherence.

Improved adherence to community health management significantly enhances glycemic control in T2DM patients, with substantial improvements observed through meticulous adherence to medication and dietary guidelines.

To explore the prevalence and gender distinctions of metabolic syndrome in elder adults in urban communities and to provide targeted guidance on early intervention of metabolic syndrome.

The data were collected from the 2019 medical examination data of the elderly population aged 65 years or older in Qingyang District, Chengdu, China. Sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behavioral indicators, health self-assessment reports, and metabolic syndrome indicators were selected for the chi-square test and then multi-categorical logistic regression analysis using StataSE16.0 software.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.12% in total, with women (35.81%) having a higher rate compared to men (34.15%), and multifactorial regression analysis showed a higher risk for women, 70-79 years, smoking, and salt addiction. Model 2 and Model 3 regression analyses for men and women showed that partial mental partial physical labor, and maintaining exercise more than once a week were associated with a low risk of developing metabolic syndrome in old age in both male and female populations. Middle school (OR=1.27, 95% CI:1.12-1.44), High school (OR=1.26, 95% CI:1.10-1.45), smoking (OR=1.11, 95% CI:1.01-1.22), and alcohol occasionally (OR=1.15, 95%CI:1.04-1.27) were only associated with a high risk of developing metabolic syndrome in the male elderly population while education level at junior high school and above (OR=0.85, 95% CI:0.77-0.93), and satisfactory health self-assessment reports in older adults (OR=0.78, 95% CI:0.61-0.99) were only associated with a lower risk of the disease for women.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in older adults in urban communities is high, and there are significant gender differences. In the following prevention, control, and intervention work, we should strengthen personalized interventions, targeting and monitoring of key populations.

To apply Social Network Analysis(SNA) to analyze the characteristics of the social support network from 18 to 50 years old HIV/AIDS patients receiving community follow-up management in Luzhou City, and to provide a basis for the development of social support and health intervention work.

A quota sampling method was used, with young and middle-aged HIV/AIDS patients receiving community follow-up management in Luzhou City as the survey subjects. A social support network matrix questionnaire was designed, and a relationship matrix was constructed using Excel 2016. The social support network characteristics were analyzed using UCINET 6.0 software, and a 2-mode social network graph was drawn using Net-Draw.

The social support scores of 165 young and middle-aged HIV/AIDS patients who received community follow-up management in Luzhou City were 24.15±8.10, as follows: hospital(2.45), community(2.36), family(2.16), new media(1.65), traditional media(1.59), friends(1.47), relatives(1.30), social organizations(1.18), colleagues(0.95), and neighbors(0.83); The overall density matrix of the social support network is 1.59, with a core edge final goodness of fit of 0.61, indicating a good fit. Among them, hospitals and communities had the highest centrality and were located in the main core position, while family and new media were in the secondary core position. The rest were situated in the periphery.

The social support level of young and middle-aged HIV/AIDS patients receiving community follow-up management in Luzhou City is relatively low, mainly relying on support from hospitals, community health service centers, family, new media, and social organizations as supplementary sources. In the future, it is recommended to establish a social support network with hospitals and communities as the core, utilizing family members as bridges. Furthermore, expanding the social support network through social organizations and implementing internet-based health interventions can increase the variety and intensity of support, improve the patients’ quality of life, and also serve as a reference for other regions.

To measure the health human resource demand of maternal and child health institutions in China, and to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of maternal and child health human resource allocation.

The data of health personnel in maternal and child health care institutions from 2018 to 2022 were used, the health human resource density index was used to analyze the change trend of the allocation level of maternal and child health human resources in China from 2017 to 2021, and the actual demand, shortage and proportion of health personnel in maternal and child health institutions in 2021 were calculated. At the same time, global and local spatial autocorrelation was used to explore the spatial characteristics of the allocation level of maternal and child health human resources.

From 2017 to 2021, the density index of health personnel in maternal and child health institutions in China increased year by year, but the LISA diagram showed that the allocation of human resources among provinces was uneven, showing a ’east-west’ differentiation distribution. In 2021, the number of practicing(assistant) physicians per thousand population, registered nurses per thousand population, pharmacists per thousand population and technicians per thousand population in China were 11.30, 14.91, 1.31 and 2.73, respectively, and the ratio of doctors to nurses was 1∶1.32. The Global Moran index and Local Moran index of each health human resource index were greater than 0.

The number of health human resources in maternal and child health institutions in China is increasing, but the inter-regional allocation is not balanced. The internal structure of resource allocation needs to be optimized, and there is obvious spatial aggregation of the same attribute in resource allocation.

To explore the situation faced by the strategy of Healthy China in the new era and clarify its connotation, feature and logic.

Citespace was used to conduct the bibliometric analysis of the policy and to explain the theoretical connotation of Healthy China based on the literature review.

In the process of integrating health into the rural revitalization strategy, health poverty reduction was implemented. In the face of the great changes unseen in a century, the construction of Healthy China focused on the conceptual practice of systemic, holistic and synergistic, and enriched its value function, theoretical guidance and practical significance.

The study elaborates the history and experience of the health cause, the situation and requirements of the new era, the connotative features and logical rationale of the construction of a healthy China, and provides a reference for the construction of a theoretical system to comprehensively promote the construction of a healthy China and the development of innovative theories.