To investigate the correlation model between 8 kinds of leisure activities and 8 physical and mental health indexes of the elderly.

Outcome-wide analysis was performed based on 15 771 samples aged over 65 years old from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) data in 2018.

Lack of housework increased the risk of cognitive impairment (RR=1.892, 95%CI: 1.666-2.148), physical function (RR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.228-1.425), and activity of daily living (ADL) disability (RR=5.004, 95%CI: 4.159-6.019) in the elderly. Feeding activity was associated with mental health, but lack of feeding activity increased the risk of instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) disability (RR=1.279, 95%CI: 1.180-1.387), while the association with disease risk was not robust (E=1.322, CI=1.185). In terms of cognitive activities, less friends talk was associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment (RR=1.214, 95%CI: 1.061-1.390); reading activities were only related to cognitive function (RR=1.413, 95%CI: 1.123-1.778); playing cards/mahjong was related to depression (β=-0.043,-0.868 to -0.237) and cognitive function (RR=1.752, 95%CI: 1.387-2.212). Watching TV was significantly correlated with emotional health, depression, anxiety, cognitive function, ADL, and physical function.

Leisure activities are beneficial to maintain and promote the physical and mental health and physical function of the elderly, and cognitive activities are beneficial to maintain and improve the cognitive function and mental health of the elderly. Physical activity is more effective in improving living ability and physical function.

To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI), household fuel type, and peak expiratory flow(PEF) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people aged 45 and above.

Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2013 and 2015, the BMI and PEF of the participants were measured and evaluated. According to the self-reported household fuel types, cooking and heating fuels were divided into solid fuel and clean fuel. Linear mixed model was used to analyze the relationships of BMI and household solid fuels using with PEF changes, and residential location was included as a random term. Subgroup analysis and interaction analysis were conducted by gender, urban-rural setting, smoking status, and fuels types.

There was a significant correlation between the reduction of BMI and PEF (β=-1.33,95%CI: -2.31 to -0.33). Compared with the group using clean fuel, the PEF of the group using solid fuel decreased faster than that of the group using clean fuel (cooking: β=-10.16, 95%CI: -16.78 to -3.55; heating: β=-10.13, 95%CI: -18.70 to -1.46). Solid fuels use for heating increased the magnitude of BMI-related PEF decline (interaction P=0.030).

High BMI and solid fuel use are the risk factors for the reduction of PEF in the middle-aged and elderly in China, and there is an interaction between BMI and solid fuel for heating on the reduction of PEF.

To explore the nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Hengshui area and to explore the influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients.

A total of 321 COPD patients in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2022 were selected, including 189 males and 132 females, aged 49 to 62 years, with an average age of(55.23 ±3.01) years. Patients were divided into normal nutrition group and malnutrition group. Univariate analysis was used to compare the demographic characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory examinations between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients.

Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=2.496, 95%CI: 1.204-1.860), annual family income (OR=0.569, 95%CI: 0.386-0.839), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score (OR=1.917, 95%CI: 1.288-2.854), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) (OR=0.550, 95%CI: 0.350-0.865), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) score (OR=1.944, 95%CI: 1.076-3.515), number of acute exacerbations of COPD hospitalization (OR=1.788, 95%CI: 1.053-3.035), and sarcopenia (OR=2.782, 95%CI: 1.542-5.018) were independent influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with COPD in Hengshui area.

In total 47.35% of the 321 COPD patients in Hengshui area had malnutrition, and age, annual family income, CAT score, 6MWT, mMRC score, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sarcopenia are the independent influencing factors of malnutrition in COPD patients. It is suggested to formulate feasible and targeted intervention measures according to the above factors in order to reduce the incidence of malnutrition in patients with COPD, reduce the clinical manifestations of sarcopenia, and prolong the survival time.

To analyze the basic situation and supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020.

The relevant data of economic level and child health care of 31 provinces and cities from 2010 to 2020 in China Statistical Yearbook, China Health Statistical Yearbook, and China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook published by the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Health Commission were retrospectively analyzed, and the concentration index(CI) was used to evaluate the supply equity of child health services in 31 provinces and cities in China. The cluster analysis was performed to investigate the child health care services in various provinces and cities in 2020.

In the child health care service projects of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020, the neonatal visit rate and the systematic management rate of children under three years old showed an overall upward trend (χ²_trend = 7.602, P=0.006; χ²_trend = 8.233, P=0.004). Perinatal mortality decreased year by year (χ²_trend = 9.493, P=0.002) but fluctuated slightly in 2016 and 2020. The perinatal mortality rate was the highest in the western region, and the level of child health care service in the central region was lower than the average, but the gap between regions was decreasing. The CIs of neonatal visit rate and systematic management rate of children under three years old were 0.003-0.035 and 0.004-0.065, respectively. The utilization of child health services was mainly distributed in provinces and cities with high economic level, and the CI of perinatal mortality ranged from -0.080 to -0.125. Among them, the unfairness of perinatal mortality was the highest and there was no significant improvement. The results of cluster analysis showed that except for Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang, the similarities and differences in the utilization of child health services in other provinces and cities could be classified into similar categories.

The level of child health service and the fairness of service utilization in 31 provinces and cities in China have improved steadily in the past 20 years, which may be affected by the second-child policy and COVID-19. It is suggested that we continue to pay attention to perinatal mortality and give priority to improving the level of child health services in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Anhui, Hainan, Henan, and Xizang.

To investigate the reporting quality of notifiable infectious diseases in Jiangxi Province, analyze the problems in the reporting of infectious diseases, and explore the countermeasures to further standardize the reporting and management of infectious diseases.

The report card information and quality evaluation data of notifiable infectious diseases in Jiangxi Province from 2016 to 2021 were collected and sorted out. The database was established by Excel2013, and the normal operation rate, timely reporting rate, timely audit rate, and reporting accuracy rate of the institutional network were calculated with the use of SPSS22.0. The quality was evaluated comprehensively by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method.

The timely reporting rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Jiangxi Province from 2016 to 2021 was 99.95%, the timely audit rate was 99.97%, and the accuracy rate was 97.86%. The comprehensive quality of legal infectious disease reports increased year by year during 2016 and 2021.

The information reporting of notifiable infectious diseases in Jiangxi Province from 2016 to 2021 is generally good, but there are still some problems such as untimely reporting, untimely examination, and non-standard reporting. Standardized management should be further strengthened and the informatization construction of medical institutions should be promoted to improve the quality of infectious disease information reporting and provide timely and accurate surveillance information for disease prevention and control.

To analyze the risk factors related to the development of adolescent myopia to identify the risk factors and protective factors, to provide basis for implementing prevention and control measures for adolescent myopia.

From September 2021 to April 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among junior and senior high school students in a middle school group in Chengdu by stratified cluster sampling, including personal basic information and risk factors related to the development of myopia. A total of 2 072 participants were included. SAS9.4 software was used for univariate analysis, and R4.2.3 software was used to analyze the statistically significant factors using multiple logistic regression.

The results of univariate analysis showed that there were 15 factors including sex (χ²=25.56, P<0.001), age (F=62.11, P<0.001), and grade (χ²=192.7, P<0.001) were significantly associated with myopia. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that among the 15 independent variables, seven variables including gender, grade, and frequency of doing eye exercises were statistically significant. The protective factors included doing eye exercises every day (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.98) and doing physical exercise for more than 1.5 hours (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.33-0.83). The risk factors included female students (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.20-1.81), average daily time of using electronic products > 5 hours to 7 hours (OR=3.10, 95%CI: 1.42-6.80), and average time of doing homework per day > 3 hours to 4 hours (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.16-2.12).

There are multiple risk factors related to the development of adolescent myopia. It is suggested to implement targeted prevention and control measures to prevent and control the risk factors.

To analyze the cost-effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and medical therapy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis in Chinese patients over 70 years old.

Based on the data of different outcomes of asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients who were followed up by CEA and drug therapy for 10 years, a Markov model was established to simulate the cost-effectiveness of the two treatments for 10 years. The outcome index was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which was the ratio of increased cost to increased quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and the thresholds of ICER and willingness to pay (WTP) were compared. In this paper, scenario analysis was carried out, and uncertainty test was carried out by single factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis.

In the basic case analysis, the patients who received CEA could get 7.53 QALYs, the corresponding cost was 67 079.61 yuan and 31 982.38 yuan, and the ICER was 129 435.97 yuan / QALY, which was lower than the threshold of WTP. In scenario analysis, the ICER was 127 946.82 yuan / QALY and 240 283.17 yuan / QALY, respectively. The annual mortality of patients after CEA, the operation cost of CEA, and the perioperative mortality after CEA had great influence on the fluctuation of ICER.

According to the economic evaluation recommendation of WHO, the increased cost of CEA compared with drug therapy is acceptable for Chinese patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis over 70 years old.

To explore the risk factors of early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS) and establish a predictive model.

In total 622 AIS patients treated in Baiyun Hospital affiliated to Guizhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected and divided into END group (n=127) and non-END group (n=495) according to the diagnostic criteria of outcome events. The clinical baseline data, laboratory data, and imaging data of the patients were retrospectively collected. Based on the Logistic regression algorithm, risk factors for the development of END were investigated. The prediction model was constructed and nomogram was drawn, and the prediction value of the model was evaluated by discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability.

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that heart rhythm, middle cerebral artery stenosis, carotid artery stenosis, admission NHISS score, fibrinogen, albumin, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were independent risk factors for END. The prediction model was developed using Stata software, and a nomogram was created. Verification set analysis revealed that the predictive model predicted the risk of END with good discrimination, accuracy, and clinical applicability, with an AUC of 0.888 (95%CI: 0.821-0.955), slope of the calibration curve which was close to 1, and net benefit of the clinical decision curve that exceeded the two reference lines.

The model constructed in this study has high degree of discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability and has good comprehensive prediction efficiency, which has a certain clinical application value for the early prediction of END.

To analyze the incidence and mortality trend of stroke in Chinese population from 2005 to 2019, and to predict the incidence and death from 2020 to 2029.

The incidence and mortality data of stroke in Chinese population according to global burden of disease (GBD) were used. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the changing trend of stroke incidence and mortality in the population, and the annual change percentage and average annual change percentage and their 95% confidence interval were calculated. The GM（1，1）model was established by R, and the incidence and mortality of stroke in China from 2020 to 2029 were predicted.

The incidence of stroke in China showed an upward trend from 2005 to 2019. The incidence of stroke in men increased from 197.94/100 000 in 2005 to 269.17/100 000 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 2.196% and the fastest increase during 2010 and 2014. The stroke incidence in women rose from 198.57/100 000 in 2005 to 284.46/100 000 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 2.616% and the fastest increase during 2017 and 2019. The male mortality rate showed a slight upward trend. It was predicted that in 2029, the incidence of stroke in China may reach 340.93/100 000 for males and 376.67/100 000 for females, and the mortality rate may reach 191.44/100 000 for males and 126.52/100 000 for females.

The study shows that the incidence of stroke is on the rise in China, and the incidence of stroke in females is higher than that in males. The mortality rate of stroke is on the rise in males. Male and female incidence and male mortality may continue to rise from 2020 to 2029, and stroke prevention and control still need to be strengthened.