To analyze the risk factors related to the development of adolescent myopia to identify the risk factors and protective factors, to provide basis for implementing prevention and control measures for adolescent myopia.

From September 2021 to April 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among junior and senior high school students in a middle school group in Chengdu by stratified cluster sampling, including personal basic information and risk factors related to the development of myopia. A total of 2 072 participants were included. SAS9.4 software was used for univariate analysis, and R4.2.3 software was used to analyze the statistically significant factors using multiple logistic regression.

The results of univariate analysis showed that there were 15 factors including sex (χ²=25.56, P<0.001), age (F=62.11, P<0.001), and grade (χ²=192.7, P<0.001) were significantly associated with myopia. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that among the 15 independent variables, seven variables including gender, grade, and frequency of doing eye exercises were statistically significant. The protective factors included doing eye exercises every day (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.98) and doing physical exercise for more than 1.5 hours (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.33-0.83). The risk factors included female students (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.20-1.81), average daily time of using electronic products > 5 hours to 7 hours (OR=3.10, 95%CI: 1.42-6.80), and average time of doing homework per day > 3 hours to 4 hours (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.16-2.12).

There are multiple risk factors related to the development of adolescent myopia. It is suggested to implement targeted prevention and control measures to prevent and control the risk factors.

To investigate the correlation model between 8 kinds of leisure activities and 8 physical and mental health indexes of the elderly.

Outcome-wide analysis was performed based on 15 771 samples aged over 65 years old from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) data in 2018.

Lack of housework increased the risk of cognitive impairment (RR=1.892, 95%CI: 1.666-2.148), physical function (RR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.228-1.425), and activity of daily living (ADL) disability (RR=5.004, 95%CI: 4.159-6.019) in the elderly. Feeding activity was associated with mental health, but lack of feeding activity increased the risk of instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) disability (RR=1.279, 95%CI: 1.180-1.387), while the association with disease risk was not robust (E=1.322, CI=1.185). In terms of cognitive activities, less friends talk was associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment (RR=1.214, 95%CI: 1.061-1.390); reading activities were only related to cognitive function (RR=1.413, 95%CI: 1.123-1.778); playing cards/mahjong was related to depression (β=-0.043,-0.868 to -0.237) and cognitive function (RR=1.752, 95%CI: 1.387-2.212). Watching TV was significantly correlated with emotional health, depression, anxiety, cognitive function, ADL, and physical function.

Leisure activities are beneficial to maintain and promote the physical and mental health and physical function of the elderly, and cognitive activities are beneficial to maintain and improve the cognitive function and mental health of the elderly. Physical activity is more effective in improving living ability and physical function.

To investigate the risk factors related to the recurrence in patients with hemorrhagic stroke and to establish a corresponding risk prediction model to provide reference for reducing the recurrence rate of hemorrhagic stroke.

The patients with hemorrhagic stroke treated in the Department of Encephalopathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were included in the study. The clinical data of patients with recurrent hemorrhagic stroke were collected to explore the risk factors related to recurrence of hemorrhagic stroke. The original data were divided into modeling sequence and verification sequence by random grouping method, and the modeling sequence was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses and model construction. The C index, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, standard curve, and clinical decision curve were used to evaluate the discrimination, accuracy, and clinical utility of the model, and the prediction accuracy of the model was verified by verification sequence.

A total of 1 571 patients with hemorrhagic stroke were included, including 253 patients with recurrent hemorrhagic stroke and 1 318 patients with initial hemorrhagic stroke. The original data set was constructed and randomly divided into modeling sequence and verification sequence according to 7:3 ratio. Logistic regression analysis showed that course of disease (OR=3.548, 95%CI: 2.852-4.415), smoking (OR=1.499, 95%CI: 1.136-1.978), drinking (OR=3.330, 95%CI: 2.356-4.709), male (OR=1.424, 95%CI:1.006-2.016), hyperlipidemia (OR=4.372, 95%CI: 2.227-8.584), cerebral infarction (OR=2.254, 95%CI: 1.294-3.928), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR=2.034, 95%CI: 1.220-3.389), prothrombin time (OR=1.103, 95%CI: 1.004-1.211), and homocysteine (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.014-1.047) were the influencing factors of recurrence in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and a risk prediction model was established. The area under the ROC curve of the modeling sequence and the verification sequence was 0.834 (95%CI: 0.810-0.859) and 0.842 (95%CI: 0.804-0.880), respectively, and the standard curves were highly consistent. The results of Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were P=0.900 and P=0.736, respectively, and the thresholds of clinical decision curves were < 0.9 and <0.95, respectively, indicating that the model had high discrimination, calibration, and clinical effectiveness.

Course of disease, smoking, drinking, sex, hyperlipidemia, cerebral infarction, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, prothrombin time and homocysteine are independent risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke. The risk prediction model established in this study can timely identify high-risk patients with recurrent hemorrhagic stroke and prevent the occurrence of adverse events.

To investigate the depression status of de facto orphan caregivers in Sichuan and analyze its influencing factors.

By using the social support rating scale and the simplified version of depression scale, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the social support and depression status of 374 de facto orphan caregivers in a city of Sichuan Province. A structural equation model was used to explore the factors influencing depression and their function routes.

The depression score of orphan caregivers was (13.76 ±5.24) points, and 286 (76.5%) had depressive symptoms. The prevalence of chronic diseases in caregivers (β=0.316, P<0.001), gender (β=0.098, P=0.038), education (β=-0.154, P=0.002), current residence (β=-0.150, P=0.001), care time (β=0.117, P=0.011), and relationship with de facto orphans (β=-0.141, P=0.013) had direct effects on depression. Caregivers who suffered from chronic diseases, female, poorly educated, residence in rural areas, long-term care, and being the orphan’s grandparents had high depression scores. Caregivers’ marital status(β=-0.027, P=0.030), personal monthly income (β=-0.042, P=0.001), and care style (β=-0.037, P=0.004) had indirect effects on depression through social support (β=-0.190, P < 0.001). Caregivers in marriage, with higher monthly income, and assistance from others had higher scores of social supports. The better the status of social support, the lower the score of depression.

The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms of de facto orphan caregivers in Sichuan is high, and the situation of depression is severe, which calls for the attention of the whole society and early intervention.

To measure the fairness and efficiency of primary health resource allocation in Guangxi in 2021, and to explore its spatial autocorrelation pattern.

The degree of aggregation and data envelopment analysis (DEA) were used to analyze the fairness and efficiency of primary health resource allocation in Guangxi, and the spatial autocorrelation method was used to study the characteristics of spatial distribution of fairness and efficiency.

In 2021, the agglomeration degree of primary health resources in Guangxi cities and prefectures ranged from 0.451 to 2.961, and only 4 of the 14 prefectures and cities were DEA effective. There was a certain spatial aggregation effect in the fairness and efficiency of primary health resources allocation (except scale efficiency).

There is a large gap in the fairness and efficiency of primary health resource allocation in Guangxi, and other indicators except scale efficiency show spatial differentiation distribution to varying degrees. It is suggested that Guangxi strengthen the function of overall planning and promote the reasonable quota and complementary advantages of inter-regional primary health resources based on spatial autocorrelation.

To explore the risk factors of early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS) and establish a predictive model.

In total 622 AIS patients treated in Baiyun Hospital affiliated to Guizhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected and divided into END group (n=127) and non-END group (n=495) according to the diagnostic criteria of outcome events. The clinical baseline data, laboratory data, and imaging data of the patients were retrospectively collected. Based on the Logistic regression algorithm, risk factors for the development of END were investigated. The prediction model was constructed and nomogram was drawn, and the prediction value of the model was evaluated by discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability.

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that heart rhythm, middle cerebral artery stenosis, carotid artery stenosis, admission NHISS score, fibrinogen, albumin, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were independent risk factors for END. The prediction model was developed using Stata software, and a nomogram was created. Verification set analysis revealed that the predictive model predicted the risk of END with good discrimination, accuracy, and clinical applicability, with an AUC of 0.888 (95%CI: 0.821-0.955), slope of the calibration curve which was close to 1, and net benefit of the clinical decision curve that exceeded the two reference lines.

The model constructed in this study has high degree of discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability and has good comprehensive prediction efficiency, which has a certain clinical application value for the early prediction of END.

To analyze the epidemiological and spatial-temporal aggregation characteristics of other infectious diarrhea (OID) in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022, to provide scientific basis for disease prevention and control.

The data were collected from the infectious disease surveillance and reporting system of China Disease Prevention and Control Information system. Descriptive epidemiological methods, seasonal index analysis, and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used.

A total of 393 817 OID cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022. The reported annual incidence rate was 49.2/100 000 to 89.2/100 000. The overall incidence increased at first and then decreased. There were two peaks of incidence in winter and summer every year. The incidence rate showed a high-to-low trend from west to east, and the high incidence area changed dynamically with time, mainly in northwest and southwest regions. The sex ratio of reported cases ranged from 1.20 to 1.31, mainly in children under 5 years old (55.3%) and elderly people aged 60 and above(34.0%). The occupational categories were mainly children living at home (53.1%) and farmers (23.0%). Of the reported cases, 43 020(10.9%) were laboratory confirmed cases, of which viral diarrhea accounted for 95.4% and bacterial diarrhea accounted for 4.4%. The results of seasonal index analysis showed that there was a seasonal backshift in the epidemic month of viral diarrhea. The results of spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the Moran I index was between 0.307 and 0.401, and there was spatial aggregation in each year. The number of “high-high” aggregation areas fluctuated and decreased, and the distribution was mainly in the northwest.

The incidence of OID in Hubei Province fluctuates, and there are obvious characteristics of temporal and spatial aggregation. Attention should be paid to the high incidence areas and key populations in the northwest, and the surveillance, prevention, and control of OID should be strengthened.

To explore the chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and anxiety on social support and well-being in elderly patients with chronic diseases.

In total 2 177 elderly patients with chronic diseases ≥ 60 years old in the 2022 psychological and behavioral survey of Chinese residents were investigated using perceived social support scale (PSSS), World Health Organization Five item Well-being Index (WHO-5), New General self-efficacy scale (NGSES), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). The Process plug-in of SPSS was used, and the chain mediating effect test was carried out by Bootstrap method.

Self-efficacy and anxiety played a chain mediating role in the relationship between social support and well-being. Among them, the direct effect of social support on well-being was significant (β=0.345, 95%CI: 0.330-0.432), the individual mediating effect of self-efficacy was significant (β=0.201, 95%CI: 0.164-0.240), the single mediating effect of anxiety was significant (β=0.029, 95%CI: 0.006-0.016), and the chain mediating effect of self-efficacy-anxiety was significant (β=0.006, 95%CI: 0.002-0.013).

Social support can affect the well-being of elderly patients with chronic diseases through the individual or chain mediation of self-efficacy and anxiety, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the well-being of this population.

To analyze the cost-effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and medical therapy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis in Chinese patients over 70 years old.

Based on the data of different outcomes of asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients who were followed up by CEA and drug therapy for 10 years, a Markov model was established to simulate the cost-effectiveness of the two treatments for 10 years. The outcome index was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which was the ratio of increased cost to increased quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and the thresholds of ICER and willingness to pay (WTP) were compared. In this paper, scenario analysis was carried out, and uncertainty test was carried out by single factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis.

In the basic case analysis, the patients who received CEA could get 7.53 QALYs, the corresponding cost was 67 079.61 yuan and 31 982.38 yuan, and the ICER was 129 435.97 yuan / QALY, which was lower than the threshold of WTP. In scenario analysis, the ICER was 127 946.82 yuan / QALY and 240 283.17 yuan / QALY, respectively. The annual mortality of patients after CEA, the operation cost of CEA, and the perioperative mortality after CEA had great influence on the fluctuation of ICER.

According to the economic evaluation recommendation of WHO, the increased cost of CEA compared with drug therapy is acceptable for Chinese patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis over 70 years old.