Phosphatidylserine is an important cell membrane component, especially in animal brain nerve cells. It has many biological activities such as improving nerve cell function, regulating nerve impulse conduction and enhancing memory. Phosphatidylserine liposome is a liposome constructed with phosphatidylserine as the main component. Which is a delivery carrier with amphiphilic characteristics. It can effectively encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic active substances, significantly improve its bioavailability, while also having good biocompatibility and degradability. In this paper, the preparation methods, structure, influencing factors and applications of phosphatidylserine liposomes are summarized. The development potential in the future research direction is prospected, which provides a reference for the further development and product application of phosphatidylserine liposomes.

Cyclodextrin based metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) include prominent tunable porosity and high surface area, which integrate the unique properties of cyclodextrins (CDs) and the structural advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). These hybrid materials exhibit remarkable capacity for encapsulating bioactive compounds, demonstrating significant potential for food-related applications. This review systematically examines the synthesis methods of CD-MOFs, and highlights the auxiliary roles of ultrasound- and microwave-assisted techniques in conventional preparation processes. Additionally, a novel seed-mediated synthesis approach is introduced, followed by a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of existing methods. Furthermore, the applications of CD-MOFs in the food sector are critically evaluated, which are focus on three key areas: Encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive food ingredients, the detection, adsorption and removal of contaminants, and emulsion stabilization. Finally, the development prospects of CD-MOFs in food field are prospected.

N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a crucial structural component of biologically important polysaccharides across species, such as hyaluronic acid in humans, chitin in animals, and peptidoglycan in bacteria. As a reducing functional monosaccharide, GlcNAc exhibits multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Recent years have witnessed significant progress in GlcNAc production via chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial biosynthesis. Notably, microbial biosynthesis technology has garnered significant attention due to its environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and efficient advantages. Currently, this approach has initially enabled the efficient biosynthesis of GlcNAc through the metabolic regulation and optimization of various microbial chassis. As preparation technologies advance and production efficiencies improve, the applications of GlcNAc in food fields are expanding rapidly. This article provides a comprehensive review of the principal methods for GlcNAc production, with a focus on the latest advancements in microbial synthesis. In addition, it explores the multifunctional applications of GlcNAc in food material development, nutritional function optimization, preservation and quality control. Furthermore, by integrating recent breakthroughs in biotechnology, coupled with innovation strategies driven by artificial intelligence, the sustainable production and future applications of GlcNAc are prospected, aiming to offer a scientific foundation for its industrial development and large-scale commercialization.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by excessive beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein accumulation in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. Recent studies suggest that resveratrol (Res), a natural polyphenol, may mitigate AD-related cognitive dysfunction by targeting Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through multiple mechanisms. This article systematically reviews the relevant research on the improvement of cognitive dysfunction in AD by Res, with a focus on elucidating its mechanisms of action, including promoting Aβ clearance, inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses, and protecting neuronal function, as well as the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the application and development of Res in food sciencce and medicine.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) belongs to the genus Juglans of the family Juglandaceae, with a long history of cultivation and a great production in China. It is rich in carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins, which exhibits high nutritional value and unique medicinal effects. Walnut oil, extracted from walnut kernels, is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and contains a variety of characteristic components such as phytosterols, tocopherols, squalene and phospholipids. These characteristic components endow walnut oil with diverse biological activities. The main characteristic components of walnut oil are summarized in this article. It also reviews walnut oil's antioxidant, cardiovascular disease prevention, memory function improvement, anti-inflammatory, protection of intestinal health, antitumor, and other biological activities. Additionally, it summarizes the existing problems in the current research on walnut oil and prospects future research directions. The objective is to provide scientific basis for further research and comprehensive development and utilization of walnut oil.

With the increasing consumption of livestock and poultry meat products, the blood by-products generated during processing has also increased. However, the current comprehensive utilization rate of animal blood was remained below 30%, which not only resulted in severe waste of high-quality protein resources but may also create environmental pressures. Plasma protein, as the main component of blood, possesses exceptional nutritional value and development potential. Based on recent domestic and international research on livestock and poultry plasma proteins, this paper introduces their nutritional value, and focus on the separation and purification techniques as well as the bioactivity of their functional components. It also explores the applications of these bioactive properties, aiming to provide references for research and utilization of functional components in livestock and poultry plasma proteins and promote their efficient utilization.

Through a combined approach of single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, this research aims to optimize the ultrasound-ethanol synergistic extraction parameters for Morus nigra polysaccharides, and comprehensively characterize their bioactive potential. Employing Morus nigra as the raw material, this study systematically evaluates the individual effects of four critical parameters—temperature (40~80 ℃), ultrasonic power (120~240 W), extraction time (30~90 min), and ethanol concentration (0~50%)—on polysaccharide yield through single-factor experiments. The extraction process was optimized using Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) with 29 experimental runs (including 5 center points), establishing a predictive model for yield with ANOVA-verified parameter interactions (P<0.05). Key extraction parameters including temperature (63 ℃), ultrasonic power (180 W), time (61 min), and ethanol concentration (39%) were determined to achieve a maximum polysaccharide yield of 13.63%±0.33%. The bioactive properties of the polysaccharides were systematically evaluated through in vitro assays. Results demonstrated remarkable free radical scavenging capacity with IC₅₀ values of 0.12 mg/mL (ABTS⁺), 0.21 mg/mL (DPPH), and 2.78 mg/mL (hydroxyl radicals). Furthermore, significant enzyme inhibitory effects were observed with IC₅₀ values of 0.16 mg/mL (α-amylase), 0.24 mg/mL (α-glucosidase), and 1.64 mg/mL (lipase), suggesting potential applications in functional foods for glycemic and lipid control. Notably, the optimized polysaccharides demonstrated significant antioxidant properties coupled with potent inhibitory effects on carbohydrate-digesting and lipid-metabolizing enzymes. These findings not only establish an efficient extraction protocol, but also substantiate the potential of mulberry polysaccharides as multi-functional ingredients for developing nutraceuticals targeting oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia.

The single-factor experiments were combined with response surface methodology to optimize the extraction process of dietary fiber from husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium, so as to achieve high-value utilization of woody oil processing by-products. Furthermore, the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) extracted through ultrasound-assisted alkaline (Alk) and enzymatic (E) methods were systematically compared. The results indicated that the optimal parameters for the ultrasound-assisted alkaline method were set as follows: Ultrasound temperature 61 ℃, ultrasound time 16 min, ultrasound power 210 W, and NaOH concentration 4.5%. For the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method, the optimal conditions were determined as enzyme addition 7.9%, ultrasound temperature 55 ℃, ultrasound power 210 W, pH6.7, and ultrasound time 30 min. Under these optimal conditions, the yields followed the order: E-IDF (63.71%±0.16%)>Alk-IDF (59.61%±0.16%)>Alk-SDF (13.17%±0.13%)>E-SDF (11.39%±0.14%). As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, E-SDF exhibited a typically loose and porous structure, while distinct wrinkles were observed on the surfaces of the other components. As confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, all four components possessed characteristic functional groups of dietary fiber. As demonstrated by functional property studies, Alk-IDF showed superior water-holding capacity (12.16±0.05 g/g) and oil-holding capacity (19.12±0.06 g/g), while E-SDF displayed the highest swelling capacity (4.98±0.10 mL/g). At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the reducing power (0.45±0.01) of E-SDF was higher than that of other components, whereas the free radical scavenging capacity (48.21%±1.02%) of Alk-SDF was the strongest. Overall, husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium dietary fiber possesses favorable physicochemical properties, which could provide a theoretical basis for its high-value utilization.

This study investigated the effects of three pretreatment methods-hot water blanching (HWB), high-voltage electric field (HEF), and atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ)-on the heat pump drying characteristics, moisture distribution, microstructure, and physicochemical properties of Saimaiti apricot slices, with fresh slices serving as the control (CK). The results demonstrated that HEF pretreatment showed no significant differences in drying rate and quality characteristics compared to CK. APPJ treatment achieved the shortest drying time (22 h), representing reductions of 35.29%, 17.65%, and 35.29% compared to CK, HWB, and HEF treatments, respectively. The Wang and Singh model best fit the drying curves of CK and HEF samples, while the Page model was most suitable for HWB and APPJ samples. Microscopic analysis revealed that both HWB and APPJ pretreatments disrupted cell wall and middle lamella structures, with APPJ treatment particularly enhancing cell wall porosity and reducing moisture migration resistance. Pectin component analysis confirmed that APPJ pretreatment significantly altered cell wall mechanical strength and porosity by increasing water-soluble pectin (WSP) content while decreasing chelate-soluble (CSP) and alkali-soluble (NSP) pectin fractions. Regarding antioxidant properties, both HWB and APPJ pretreatments significantly improved DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP values, with APPJ showing superior performance in retaining total phenolics (176.40±8.19 mg/kg) and carotenoids (32.64±0.83 mg/kg). Furthermore, APPJ treatment effectively inhibited enzymatic browning by reducing hardness, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities while maintaining brighter color. These findings demonstrate that APPJ pretreatment enhances drying efficiency and product quality through cell structure modification, pectin component alteration, enzymatic browning inhibition, and antioxidant preservation, representing an efficient and eco-friendly pretreatment method with significant potential for industrial applications.

Kokotireke grapes, a geographical indication agricultural product in Xinjiang, exhibit the challenges in uneven quality grades and geographical indication adulteration in the market. The visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy technology was innovatively employed to perform the quality prediction of Kokotireke grapes and geographical indication identification in this study. Kokotireke grape samples with geographical indication and non-geographical indication were collected, and the spectral data, soluble solid content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) were measured. Subsequently, different spectral preprocessing techniques combined with the partial least squares regression (PLSR) to construct quality prediction models and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) geographical indication identification models. The results showed that different preprocessing methods exhibited a significant effect on the model performance, and the SG-LBC-1stD had the best preprocessing effectiveness. Specifically, the determination coefficients (R²) of PLSR model for SSC and TA prediction reached 0.9361 and 0.9478, respectively, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 0.3362 and 0.0368, respectively. Additionally, the PLS-DA model can effectively distinguish the products between geographical indication and non-geographical indication, achieving the identification accuracy of 0.928, R²_X of 0.828, R²_Y of 0.621, Q² of 0.553, and AUC of 0.980. Overall, this research provides a rapid, online, efficient and non-destructive quality prediction and geographical indication discrimination method for the Kokotireke grape industry, which is of great significance for ensuring product quality and avoiding the geographical indication adulteration and also offers the reference for related research in other fruits.