Objective To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap) and use various data analysis methods to quickly identify the chemical composition of Liubao tea. Methods A Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD aQ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm) counm was used with 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile solution (A) and 0.1% formic acid-water solution (B) as the mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. Detection of chemical components in Liubao tea by positive and negative ion mode of electrostatic spray ion source combined with electrostatic field orbital trap detector. Based on accurate mass to charge ratio data from primary high-resolution mass spectrometry, fragment ions from secondary high-resolution mass spectrometry, Thermo Scientific mzCloud network database, Thermo Scientific high-resolution mass spectrometry database for traditional Chinese medicine components, and relevant literature reports, identify the chemical components. Results Rapid analysis was conducted on the chemical components of Liubao tea, and a total of 36 kinds of compounds were identified, included 3 kinds of amino acid compounds, 3 kinds of phenolic compounds, 16 kinds of flavonoids, 1 kinds of lignin compound, 4 kinds of alkaloids, 1 kinds of terpenoid compound, 2 kinds of coumarins, 4 kinds of organic acid compounds, and 2 kinds of other compounds. Conclusion This study apply UPLC-Q-Orbitrap database to analyze the composition of Liubao tea, which can provide scientific basis for further study on the efficacy and flavor substance basis of Liubao tea.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and differences of volatile components in Wuliangye liquor based on non targeted metabonomics technology. Methods The characteristics and differences of volatile components of 5 series of liquor including Wuliangye, Wuliangye alcohol, Wuliangchun, Wuliangtequ and Wuliangtouqu liquor was analyzed by non targeted metabonomics technology. Results A total of 900 kinds of compounds were detected in 5 series of liquor, including 26 kinds of amines, 86 kinds of alcohols, 51 kinds of aromatics, 18 kinds of phenols, 11 kinds of nitrogenous compounds, 11 kinds of sulfur compounds, 3 kinds of halogenated hydrocarbons, 4 kinds of ethers, 47 kinds of aldehydes, 28 kinds of acids, 143 kinds of terpenes, 78 kinds of hydrocarbons, 79 kinds of ketones, 139 kinds of heterocyclic compounds, 172 kinds of esters, and 4 kinds of others. The number and composition of compounds detected in different Wuliangye liquor were different. The number of compounds with significant differences in Wuliangye was significantly higher than that in Wuliangye alcohol, Wuliangchun, Wuliangtequ and Wuliangtouqu. Conclusion The difference of composition and content in different Wuliangye series liquor is an important factor reflecting the quality of liquor. Non targeted metabonomics technology has good application in the analysis and identification of liquor characteristic components, providing reliable data support for scientific differentiation of Wuliangye series liquor.

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector method for the determination of xylo-oligosaccharide content in food. Methods The sample size, hydrolysis time, derivatization time and purification times in the pre-treatment method were investigated. Gradient elution was compared with isocratic elution to fix the chromatographic conditions. Moreover, the detection wavelength and column temperature were obtained at the same time. Results The optimized condition was as follows: Weighing sample 2.0 g; hydrolysis time 100 min; derivation time 100 min; purification for 3 times; mobile gradient elution was employed, column temperature 30 ℃; detection wavelength 250 nm. Conclusion This method has good accuracy and sensitivity for the determination of xylo-oligosaccharides in food. This study provides data support for the development of a method for the determination of xylo-oligosaccharides in food.

Objective To explore of odor differences and volatile differences between rape honey-adulterated and syrup-adulterated samples and real honey. Methods Different proportions of 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% syrup-adulterated and rape honey-adulterated samples were constructed, and the electronic nose technique and headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to analyze the odors and volatiles of the adulterated and authentic honey samples. Results The electronic nose (E-nose) combined with the principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) could distinguish different botanical honey of linden honey, jujube honey acacia honey, and could distinguish syrup-adulterated samples from real honey, but could not distinguish rape honey-adulterated samples from acacia honey. The GC-MS results showed that 62 kinds of volatile compounds were identified in acacia honey, linden honey and jujube honey, with the highest content of alcohols in acacia honey, aldehydes in jujube honey, terpenes in linden honey. The content of volatile compounds in combination with sPLS-DA could distinguish 100% acacia honey, 100% linden honey from 5%-30% syrup-adulterated samples and 5%-30% rape honey-adulterated samples. Conclusion The odor analysis and volatiles analysis based on E-nose and GC-MS combined with chemometrics analysis can be used to identify syrup-adulterated and rape honey-adulterated samples. The results of the study provide a reference for honey traceability and adulteration identification studies.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of nitrite content in pickles by nitroso derivative ultra performance liquid chromatography. Methods A novel and sensitive method for the determination of nitrite content was developed. This is a nitroso derivative produced based on the interaction between nitrite and antipyrine This derivative has strong absorption in 0.02 mol/L acetate buffer solution (contains 0.1% acetic acid) at a wavelength of 345 nm the nitrite content was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography. Results Nitrite in the linear concentration range of 0.05-5.00 mg/L was determined with a limit of detection 0.01 µg/mL. The high, medium and low concentrations were spiked. The extraction recoveries ranged from 88%-96% (n=6). The relative standard deviation was the precision ranged from 2.0%-4.5%. Conclusion The method can effectively eliminate the interference of chloride ions and other anions and pigments on this experiment. The established analytical method has good sensitivity, accuracy, precision and recovery rate, and is suitable for the detection of nitrite in pickles.

Objective To obtain a comparative analysis of the unqualified infant and toddler foods in the sampling inspection of national food safety supervision from 2018 to 2023. Methods The information of unqualified infant and toddler food samples sampled by the national food safety supervision from 2018 to 2023 was summarized and analyzed from the sampling quantity and product brands, unqualified rate, food categories, unqualified items and sampled areas. Results The total amount of sampling of infant and toddler food decreased in the past 4 years. The unqualified rate decreased from 0.20% (2018) to 0.02% (2022), however, the unqualified rate increased significantly since 2022. Domestic and foreign brands of infant and toddler food had certain risk of problems. Milk powder and rice flour were the main unqualified infant food categories, accounting for 30.30% and 23.23% respectively. In the unqualified items, mineral content accounted for the highest proportion, followed by vitamin content. The source of unqualified infant food was mostly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas of China, and the unqualified rate of online shop sampling was also quite high. Conclusion In recent years, the state's supervision of infant and toddler food has achieved remarkable results, but it still needs to be strengthened, while the frequency and quantity of sampling inspection should be reasonably arranged. The content of mineral and vitamin in infant food doesn't meet standards, which is an urgent problem to be solved. National market supervision departments need to strengthen follow-up supervision.

There are many types of pollutants in food, and exposure involves multiple stages such as raw material, processing, transportation, storage, packaging, and sales. With the improvement of people's requirements for the healthy, nutritive and safe condiments, the pollutants in food have received more and more attention. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) combines the separation ability of liquid chromatography with the advantages of high resolution mass spectrometry, such as wide mass range, fast scanning speed, and high sensitivity, making it an important means in the field of food safety analysis. This review summarized the technical characteristics of quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry and quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry, as well as the research progress in the detection of pollutants in food using LC-HRMS technology over the past 5 years. The article focused on the application of LC-HRMS in the targeted and non-targeted determination of pesticides residues, veterinary drugs and their metabolites, food additives, illegal additives and mycotoxins, and prospected the development trend. Aiming to provide reference for the detection of pollutants in food in the future.

Objective To establish a method for determination the content and migration of metal elements (lead, arsenic, aluminum) in paper straws by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES), and analyze the changes in the content and migration of 3 kinds of elements. Methods Microwave digestion and immersion in 4% acetic acid for 2 hours were used as pre-treatment conditions. The instrument was analyzed according to the selected working conditions, and a standard working curve was drawn. Three elements were subjected to spiked recovery experiments, and the recovery rate and precision were calculated. Then, the content and migration amount of 3 kinds of elements were detected in 45 samples. Results The linear range of lead and arsenic elements in the ICP-MS method was 5-50 μg/L, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 and limits of detection of 0.005 and 0.002 mg/kg. The spiked recovery rates were 96.1% and 104.2%, with relative standard deviations of 1.5% and 3.6%. The linear range of aluminum element in ICP-OES method was 0.5-4.0 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and the limits of detection of 0.3 mg/kg. The spiked recovery rate was 94.0%, with a relative standard deviation of 0.2%. The aluminum content and migration amount in paper straws were relatively high, especially the aluminum content, with an average content of 148.00 mg/kg and a maximum content of 1005.00 mg/kg. The 40% of the straws had a content exceeding 100.00 mg/kg. Conclusion Based on the characteristics of lead, arsenic, and aluminum content in paper straws, this study establishes an analytical method for testing aluminum, lead, and arsenic in paper straws. Based on this method, the content and migration patterns of lead, arsenic and aluminum elements in actual use are explored, providing technical support for a deeper understanding of the safety of paper straws.

Objective To investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ZSM-5 nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene (PE) film on the quality and oxidative stress of Prunus persica during cold storage. Methods The 4 kinds of treatments were set up: PE packaging (P), PE packaging combined with 1-MCP (PM), PE film blended with ZSM-5 Nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film (PN), and the combination of ZSM-5 and 1-MCP (PMN). Samples were stored at 0-2 °C for 35 days with sampling every 7 days. Texture, chromatic indexes, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, and the activities or content of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Results 1-MCP and the nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film effectively inhibited fruit softening, color change and fibrosis. On day 21, the fruit hardness in the PM and PMN groups was significantly higher than in other groups (P<0.01), while the cohesiveness of the PMN group was significantly lower than the P group on day 27 (P<0.01). Color analysis showed that the redness and yellowness changes in other treated groups were significantly reduced compared to the P group (P<0.05). Although the PMN group's fruit appeared more yellow by day 35, the over-ripening process was suppressed. In terms of physicochemical indicators, the PM and PMN groups exhibited significantly lower electrical conductivity ratio and titratable acidity lose than the P group (P<0.01), indicating that 1-MCP and the nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film effectively slowed down the increase in cell membrane permeability and the decrease in flavor and nutrients. Physiological measurements showed that by day 35, the MDA level in the PMN group was significantly lower than in the P group (P<0.01), with delayed peak POD and PPO activities. The PMN group's PPO activity was significantly lower than the P group (P<0.01). Conclusion The combination of 1-MCP and ZSM-5 nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film significantly alleviates color change, over-ripening, and oxidative stress in Prunus persica during cold storage, demonstrating promising application potential.

Objective To establish the qualitative and quantitative methods for water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal, and to analyze the effects of producing areas and climatic conditions on the kinds and content of sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal. Methods High performance liquid chromatography equipped with a refractive index detector was performed to analyze maltose, raffinose, sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose in Cyperus esculentus meal. Aminex^® HPX-87C (300 mm×7.8 mm) sugar-analyzing column was used with a column temperature of 85 °C and a mobile phase of pure water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The D-galactouronic acid in Cyperus esculentus meal was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an evaporative light scattering detector. XBridge^® Amide 3.5 μm amino column was used with the column temperature of 40 °C. The mobile phase of 0.2% triethylamine water-acetonitrile (20:80, V:V) was used with the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, and the gas pressure was 40 psi, drift tube temperature was 82 ℃ and the gain of 800. Results An analytical method for 7 kinds of water-soluble sugars in soybean oil was established, which had good accuracy and precision. The limits of detection of the 7 kinds of water soluble sugars were 0.02-0.05 μg and the limits of quantification were 0.06-0.10 μg. The content of 7 kinds of water-soluble sugars, including maltose, raffinose, sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose, and D-galactouronic acid in 186 samples from 11 Provinces and regions were analyzed based on the method. The total sugar content in the Cyperus esculentus meal samples ranged from 11.10% to 25.51%, with significant differences among different regions. Samples from Northeast, North, and Northwest of China were higher than those from Southern China. The water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal were mainly sucrose, accounting for 65.48% to 75.85% of total sugar. In addition, maltose, raffinose, and D-galactouronic acid had high content, ranging from 1.01%-2.93%, 0.37%-1.09%, and 1.94%-2.53%, respectively, accounting for 9.11%-12.73%, 1.62%-6.37%, and 7.95%-17.75% of the total sugar content. The content of D-glucose and D-fructose was 0.01%-1.07% and 0.02%-0.78%, respectively, accounting for 0.07%-4.21% and 0.17%-3.28% of the total sugar content, respectively. Except for the samples from Heilongjiang Province, a few amount of D-galactose was also detected in most of other samples. Conclusion This study establish an analysis method for sugar content in Cyperus esculentus meal and investigated the content of water soluble sugars in samples from different producing areas. This provides a basis for breeding and planting research of Cyperus esculentus, and also can offer the guideline to the deep processing of Cyperus esculentus and the preparation and application of carbohydrates.