Neonicotinoids (NEOs) contain imidacloprid (IMI) and acetamiprid (ACE), which are widely used in the world. In this study, earthworms (Eisenia foetida) were used as soil animal. Through high-throughput sequencing and measurement of soil physical and chemical properties, the changes of bacterial communities between IMI and ACE contaminated red soil (BCK, DCK) and soil after earthworm introduction (B, D), and the relationship with environmental factors were analyzed to explore the animal remediation mechanism of contaminated red soil. The introduction of IMI and ACE reduced the diversity of microbial population, significantly changed the composition of soil bacterial community structure, and decreased the content of soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN), compared with the natural red soil (CK). The addition of earthworms increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, which have the ability of insecticide resistance and degrading. pH value, TN, total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) contents of contaminated soil increased. Combined with the correlation analysis of soil physiochemical properties, it was found that pH, TN, TK and SOM had a great influence on the bacterial community structure among the treatment groups at the genus level. The study showed that IMI and ACE pollution reduced the contents of SOM and soil TN, and destructed the original bacterial community structure in the soil. Earthworm activity improved soil fertility of contaminated red soil, alleviated the adverse effects of IMI and ACE on soil microbial flora, restored and enriched the diversity of microbial species in NEOs-contaminated soil to a certain extent, and then accelerated the degradation of NEOs in soil. This study showed the feasibility to screen the efficiently IMI and ACE-degrading bacteria from drilosphere, and would provide theoretical basis for the earthworm remediation of IMI and ACE-contaminated soil.

Citrus reticulata cv. chachiensis, also known as Xinhui Mandarin Orange, has a long history of cultivation in Guangdong (Xinhui) and is a local agricultural product in Guangdong. There are no relevant studies on the symptoms description and distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in C. reticulata cv. chachiensis infected with Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). Through this study, it can provide a basis for the study of the movement of CLas in citrus plant branches and fruit pith and can also provide ideal plant materials for the subsequent acquisition of high concentration of CLas. In this study, C. reticulata cv. chachiensis branches and fruit pith infected with CLas were used as plant material to identify symptoms and analyze the distribution of CLas in different parts of citrus branches and different length fragments of the fruit pith based on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Through the observation of the leaves and fruits from the infected citrus plants, the upper leaves of the branches infected with CLas showed mottled and element-deficient yellowing, especially the symptoms of the new leaves of the branches were more obvious, while the color of the lower old leaves was dark green and the texture was hard. Compared with the healthy fruit, the fruit infected with CLas showed uneven coloring, showing typical symptoms of "red nose fruit". Meanwhile, compared with the healthy fruit, the fruit infected with CLas showed uneven size, abnormal body and asymmetrical shape, the seed was small and the seed aborted. The concentration of CLas in the central axis of the fruit was close to that in the fruit pith, and significantly higher than that in other parts of the branches (P<0.05). CLas was also unevenly distributed in different length segments of the same fruit pith, and the concentration of CLas was the highest in the middle of fruit pith (1-3 cm fragment), the concentration of CLas in the central axis and fruit pith of HLB-infected C. reticulata cv. chachiensis fruits is significantly higher than that of other parts. The study could be a reference for the identification of HLB, a basis for the study of the movement of CLas in citrus plant branches and fruit pith, and used to select ideal plant materials for the subsequent acquisition of high concentration of CLas.

Quickly obtain embryogenic callus is the key step to successfully establish the regeneration system in the somatic embryogenesis regeneration system of rubber tree. Rubber tree anthers were used as explants in the study. The effects of different concentrations of picloram, KT, 6-BA, and IAA on the induction of rubber tree anther embryogenic callus were studied through an orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that the optimal combination medium for rubber tree anther callus induction was MS basic medium, 0.4 mg/L thiamine, asparagine 300 mg/L, hydrolyzed casein 100 mg/L, proline 100 mg/L, arginine 100 mg/L, glutathione amino amide 100 mg/L, L-cysteine-hydrochloride 50 mg/L, sucrose 70 g/L, coconut water 50 mL/L, vegetable gel 2.2 g/L, picloram 20 mg/L, KT 2 mg/L and KT 2 mg/L and 6-BA 1 mg/L, and the callus induction rate reached 73.3%-100%. In all treatments, the callus was induced for about 25-28 days, and the callus reached the stage of rapid proliferation. The main effect of the induction of embryogenic callus was the concentration of picloram. It could promote the induction of embryogenic callus. Although low concentrations of picloram could also induce callus production, the callus were basically non-embryogenic potential-ie non-embryogenic callus. At the same time, 11 somatic embryos were used for plant regeneration. Among them, two plants emerged, seven only had roots without sprouting, and two had neither buds nor roots. The plant regeneration rate was 18%. By observing the leaf morphology and plant height of the plants, there was no significant difference with the rubber tree tissue culture seedlings and seedlings in production. In the future, on the basis of the research, the formulation of the callus induction medium would be further optimized, so that it could induce embryogenic callus from anthers more quickly, shorten the induction time of embryogenic callus, and reduce variation. Probability, it could provide callus with better conditions for RITA bioreactors as starting material.

Using the in vitro axillary bud of Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Lind.) as the materials, this article reports the influence of the droplet vitrification on Anthurium after cryopreservation, and plants regenerated tissues genetic stability were assessment. The results showed the highest survival rate of Anthurium (63.70%) was achieved after preculture for 4 days on MS solid medium containing 0.4 mmol/L sucrose and 2 mmol/L glycerol, dehydration with 80%PVS₂ at 0 ℃ for 50 min, cooling in droplets of PVS₂ placed on aluminum foil strips, after immersing in liquid nitrogen for 2 s, directly transferred it to a cryotube filled with liquid nitrogen, and kept it in liquid nitrogen for at least 30 min after rewarming them with MS liquid medium containing 1.2 mmol/L sucrose at room temperature for 20 minutes, transferred to recovery medium. Through ISSR and SSR molecular marker detection, the genetic stability of regenerated plants did not changed. The results would provide an effective way for long-term preservation of Anthurium andraeanum germplasm resources.

In order to analyze the effects of different intercropping patterns on the growth status, yield and quality of G. rigescens, six plant materials including Camellia sinensis (L.), Juglans regia L, Glycine max, Coix lacryma-jobi L., Glycine max (L.) merr and Vicia faba L. were selected to form seven crops patterns of G. rigescens monoculture and intercropping. Plant height, plant width, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter of G. rigescens in vigorous growth period and harvest period were detected, fiber root number, root length, root diameter, gentiopicroside content were determined to explore the effects of different intercropping patterns on the yield and quality of G. rigescens. The results showed that the growth state of above ground part of G. rigescens intercropped with Juglans regia L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) was better than that of G. rigescens intercropped with Glycine max, Coix lacryma-jobi L., Glycine max (L.) merr and Vicia faba L. The intercropping with Juglans regia L. significantly promoted the growth of plant height of G. rigescens, while the intercropping with Camellia sinensis (L.) had large plant width, high leaf expansion and strong plants. The yield of G. rigescens in different intercropping cultivation was: Camellia sinensis (L.)>Juglans regia L.>Glycine max>Glycine max (L.) merr>control>Vicia faba L.>Coix lacryma-jobi L.. The yield of G. rigescens in intercropping with tea was the highest, 142.4 kg per hectare, 46.87% higher than that in the control. In different intercropping patterns, the number of fibrous roots of G. rigescens intercropping with Camellia sinensis (L.) was the highest, about 6-9 fibrous roots per plant, which was significantly higher than that of the control. The determination of gentiopicroside content in G. rigescens under different intercropping modes showed that: Camellia sinensis (L.) intercropping >Juglans regia L. intercropping>Vicia faba L. intercropping>Glycine max (L.) merr intercropping>Glycine max intercropping>control (monoculture)>Coix lacryma-jobi L. intercropping>Pharmacopoeia (1.5%), the gentiopicroside content in the roots and stems of Camellia sinensis (L.) intercropping was the highest, which was 3.36%±0.07%, significantly higher than that of the control and Coix lacryma-jobi L. intercropping intercropping. The correlation analysis showed that the root quality and yield of G. rigescens had a significant positive correlation with the aboveground plant width and leaf length, but had no significant correlation with the plant height of G. rigescens. The comprehensive score of the roots and stems by the membership function showed that the comprehensive quality of G. rigescens was better than that of the control: Camellia sinensis (L.) intercropping>Juglans regia L. intercropping>Vicia faba L. intercropping>Glycine max intercropping>Glycine max (L.) merr intercropping>control (monoculture)>Coix lacryma-jobi L. intercropping, Camellia sinensis (L.) intercropping, Juglans regia L intercropping, Vicia faba L. intercropping, Glycine max intercropping, Glycine max (L.) merr intercropping all higher than control, and the comprehensive score of intercropping Camellia sinensis (L.) was the highest, reaching 0.99.

In order to determine the optimal conditions for the preparation of jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes by Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), the influence of addition of coconut oil, complexation time and complexation temperature on the complexation index of jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes was studied. The Box-Benhnken response surface method was used to optimize the process conditions for the preparation of jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes. The optimal preparation parameters of the jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes were 4% of the addition of coconut oil, 2.40 min of complexation time, 90.70 ℃ of complexation temperature, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the experimental value of complex index was 24.33%, which was in good agreement with the value predicted by the model (24.64%). The gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, and though viscosity of jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes were higher than those of the raw starch, while the final viscosity and setback value were lower than those of the raw starch. This indicated the thermal stability of the complex was improved. The swelling ability of the starch was restricted when the jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes was formed, resulting in the lower swelling power and a lower solubility than those of the raw starch.

In order to explore the polymeric 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (PPECs) components and the structures from agarwood (Aquilaria spp.), ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to acquire the spectrum of TOF-MS and TOF-MS/MS of agarwood samples. The fragmentation pathway of PPECs was analyzed. The screening and structure confirmation of PPECs from agarwood was performed. A total of 55 PPECs components were identified. According to the structural characteristics, 55 components were grouped into three types, including dimeric 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (DPECs), trimeric 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (TPECs) and sesquiterpenoid-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (SPECs). All identified components were consisted of 44 DPECs, 3 TPECs and 8 SPECs, of which nine DPECs, one TPECs and one SPECs were firstly identified in agarwood. Furthermore, 2-4 isomers were observed for some PPECs components from agarwood. The results showed that agarwood were rich in PPECs components and the corresponding isomers. Meanwhile, the proportion of DPECs was the highest (80%) among total PPECs. The results could provide reference for the study of material basis of pharmacodynamics effect and utilization of agarwod.

The proteins on rubber particles of Hevea brasiliensis play key roles in a series of reactions of rubber biosynthesis. They directly determine the number and size of rubber molecules, thus affecting the yield and quality of natural rubber. Small rubber particle protein (SRPP) is the second highest abundance protein in rubber particles following after the rubber elongation factor (REF), which is closely related to rubber particle development and rubber biosynthesis. At present, it is known that there are many SRPP family proteins on rubber particles, but the functions of most SRPP family proteins have not been identified. SRPP may function by interacting with other rubber particle proteins. To screen the interaction protein of HbSRPP7, a normalized H. brasiliensis latex cDNA library was constructed based on the membrane yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) system. The capacity of the cDNA library was 1.5×10⁷ CFU, the average library recombination rate was about 100%, and the average amplification sizes of insert fragments in the cDNA library were above 1500 bp. The pBT3STE-SRPP7 and pBT3SUC-SRPP7 bait vectors were constructed and confirmed that they could be correctly expressed in the NMY32 yeast strain without self-activating activity. The latex MYTH cDNA library was screened using the bait plasmid pBT3STE-SRPP7, and 21 candidate proteins of HbSRPP7 were obtained, including three REF family proteins (HbREF1, HbREF3, and HbREF8), two SRPP family proteins (HbSRPP1 and HbSRPP2), two reactive oxygen species scavenging-related proteins (thioredoxin H-type-like and L-ascorbate peroxidase 2), and five stress-related proteins (high mobility group B protein 2-like, RPM1-interacting protein 4-like, stress-related protein-like, salt stress-induced hydrophobic peptide ESI3-like and F-box/kelch-repeat protein). It is shown that HbSRPP7 may participate in rubber biosynthesis through interaction with the rubber particle proteins related to rubber biosynthesis. In addition, HbSRPP7 may also participate in the regulation of rubber biosynthesis on rubber particles by interacting with biotic and abiotic stress-related proteins and responding to biotic and abiotic stress signals in laticiferous cells of H. brasiliensis. The research results are helpful to understand the function of SRPP family proteins and lay a foundation for revealing the composition of protein complexes involved in rubber biosynthesis on rubber particles and elucidating the molecular mechanism of rubber biosynthesis and its regulation.

The heterozygosity, population structure and genetic diversity of Moringa oleifera and its progeny were analyzed using the SNP markers. The characteristics of genetic variation of M. oleifera and its progeny were studied. Simplified genome sequencing of 96 M. oleifera materials was performed by AFSM technology. The obtained sequencing filtering data were compared to the reference genome. SNP and Indel loci were detected and counted by using VCFtools and BCFtools. In order to analyze the reproduction types of M. oleifera, AWK language was used to analyze heterozygous loci, and compare the different loci of the progeny with the parents. The mutation sites were filtered by Plink software, and the high-quality mutation sites were reserved. The population structure was analyzed by ADMIXTURE software, and the optimal K value was determined according to the cross validation error rate. At the same time, GCTA software was used for principal component analysis, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the population structure of the materials. VCFtools was used to calculate the genetic diversity index and population differentiation index for analyzing the genetic polymorphism of the population. LDBlockShow software was used for linkage imbalance analysis, and the linkage imbalance degree between loci was obtained. The result showed that a total of 1 187 831 SNP sites and 150 861 Indel sites were detected in this paper. We compared M. oleifera progeny genes with parents, which found that among the heterozygous genes in Moringa progeny, about 4.89% of the genes are self-heterozygous genes, and 19.96% of the heterozygous genes caused by foreign genetic materia. It indicates that M. oleifera produce offspring by the ways of self-pollination and cross-flowering. M. oleifera samples were divided into 3 subgroups by population structure and principal component analysis. The cluster analysis is roughly consistent with the above results. The subgroups can be clustered together, and there is a little crossover between the samples. The low genetic differentiation index (0.0049-0.0110) and genetic diversity index (0.001) among different populations of M. oleifera indicated that the level of genetic diversity was low and genetic differentiation was weak. The SNPS of 136 scaffolds which detected were counted and linkage imbalance analysis was performed, we found that scaffold 1 had the most SNPS (62 225), there was strong linkage imbalance between 6 748 044 and 6 748 185 loci. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of M. oleifera and its progeny. It would provide genetic basis for the cross breeding of M. oleifera.

The islands are important pivots for the development of South China Sea, and which play an important role in ensuring the development sustainability of South China Sea and safeguarding national rights and territorial integrity. The islands in South China Sea have rich biodiversity and complex ecological functions, but they are also vulnerable to human disturbances. The paper summarizes the basic characteristics of the climate, water, soil, biology and agriculture development of the islands. It indicates that keeping ecological sustainability is the fundamental task during the development of islands, and it is important to reduce the disturbances of human factors on the islands ecology, and pay attention to the development of island agriculture and modern marine ranching, and build a comprehensive evaluation system for the ecology sustainable development of islands, that will ensure the realization of social, economic and national security services function of the South China Sea islands.