The soil ecological restoration and land recycling of the closed tailings reservoir not only avoid the risk of random discharge, but also increase the land use area. Mulberry has strong root system, strong stress resistance, large biomass and wide application. It has great potential in the remediation and reuse of heavy metals in mines. In this study, the growth of one-year-old seedlings of three mulberry varieties (Y120, G12 and G62) after 60 days of planting in arsenic and nickel combined pollution soil in the mining area and the enrichment of arsenic and nickel in different parts were compared by the original soil pot method. At the same time, the difference of rhizosphere soil microorganisms was analyzed by metagenomics to preliminarily elucidate the adaptability of different mulberry varieties to arsenic and nickel combined pollution mine soil and its relationship with rhizosphere soil microbial diversity. The results showed that after 60 days of planting, the pollution index of nickel in the rhizosphere soil of the three varieties decreased from moderate to mild before planting, and the pollution index of arsenic in the rhizosphere soil of G62 decreased from severe pollution to moderate pollution. The shoot and root growth of the three mulberry varieties were inhibited, but the growth of G62 was better than that of Y120 and G12, and the growth of G12 was worse. The transport coefficient and enrichment coefficient of arsenic in the three mulberry varieties were less than that of nickel. The enrichment ability of arsenic was root>leaf>stem. The accumulation of arsenic in roots accounted for 47.33%-50.52% of the total plant, and the difference between varieties was not significant. However, the enrichment ability of nickel was different among different varieties. The accumulation of nickel in roots accounted for 25.67% (G12), 38.46% (G62) and 47.14% (Y120) of the total plant, and the difference between varieties was significant. The richness of Nocardioides, Thiomonas and Rhizobium in the rhizosphere soil of G62 with better growth was significantly higher than that of G12 and Y120, and the richness of Thiomonas sp. in G62 was the highest. Combined with the fact that the arsenic pollution index of G62 rhizosphere soil decreased more, these genera and species may be more involved in the barrier absorption or detoxification of arsenic in mulberry rhizosphere. The richness of Sphingopyxis sp. was the highest in G12, and the variety had the lowest arsenic and nickel transferred and enriched in the body, which may be related to its more participation in the detoxification of arsenic and nickel combined pollution in mulberry. The results of this study will lay a foundation for the screening of mulberry varieties resistant to compound heavy metals that are suitable for the growth of mining areas and the screening and utilization of strains that can promote the growth of mulberry in the soil of arsenic and nickel combined pollution mines.

Mutation breeding is one of the most promising approaches for increasing genetic and phenotypic variability in a short period of time. In order to explore the feasibility of creating a mango mutant gene library through mutagenesis. The study used Keitt mango as test materials, irradiated branches with ⁶⁰Co-γ ray and soaked seeds in EMS solution to create a mutagenesis population, and analyzed the Genetic diversity by SC-SSR molecular markers. The results indicated that the seemi-lethal dose of ⁶⁰Co-γ ray radiation is 31.37 Gy, and the semi-lethal time of immersion in 0.2% EMS solution is 5.9 hours. The genetic diversity of 100 mutagenized materials and Keitt material was analyzed through 16 pairs of SC-SSR primers, and a total of 117 polymorphic sites were detected. The average values of sexual locus, primer percentage of polymorphism bands, polymorphism information content (PIC), number of observed alleles (N_a), number of effective alleles (N_e), Nei's gene diversity index (H) and Shannon's information index (I) were 93.18%, 0.610, 1.923,1.583,0.334 and 0.493, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient among test materials ranged from 0.373 to 0.984, with an average of 0.779. The study indicated that mutagenesis significantly enhanced genetic diversity in mango, among which EMS mutagenesis seed variation was greater, and the results lay a solid theoretical foundation for mango mutation breeding.

Some soil in the coal mining area of Western Panzhihua has high Pb and Cd contents, and there are certain food safety risks in the development of the plantation. In this paper, we compared and analyzed the trends of Pb and Cd uptake in mango in the region before and after the application of three groups of organic amendment materials (mango grass straw, mushroom residue, mushroom residue+mango grass straw) through a large field experiment, and investigated the degradation of Pb and Cd in the mango in the region by different dosages of organic amendment materials and their influence effects on the quality of mango. Three groups of organic amendment materials improved the organic matter content and pH value of the soil, among which the fungus residue+mango straw group had the most significant effect (P<0.05), and the effect increased by 10.85%-25.66% and 3.55%-8.06%, respectively, compared with that of the control. All three groups of organic improvement materials had certain effects on reducing Pb and Cd content in mango. The effect of reducing Pb in mango was shown as mushroom residue+mango straw>mango straw>mushroom residue; the effect of reducing Cd in mango was shown as mushroom residue+mango straw>mushroom residue>mango straw; the effect of applying mushroom residue+mango straw was most significant, the reduction of Pb and Cd in mango for the mushroom residue+mango straw was 13.80%-27.87% and 6.32%-27.58%, respectively; there were some differences in the effect of different application amounts of organic amendment materials on degrading Pb and Cd in mango. Within the experimental interval, applying 8 kg/plant of mushroom residue+mangrove straw material could reduce Pb and Cd in mango by 27.87% and 27.58%, respectively, which was the best effect (P<0.05). The health risk evaluation showed that the HQi values produced by consumption of mango in each treatment group were less than one, and there was no health risk, so it could be safely consumed. In conclusion, applying 8 kg/plant of mushroom residue+mango grass straw in the experimental range can better inhibit the absorption of Pb and Cd in mango, effectively reducing the enrichment of Pb and Cd in mango. It can be used as an ideal material for the agronomic control of mango cultivation in the coal-mining area of western Panzhihua.

The aim of the study was to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of Qi-Nan essential oil (QEO) based on component analysis combined with the cellular inflammation model. The volatile components of QEO were analyzed by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity of QEO was detected by the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity. Bioinformatics was used to predict the targets and signaling pathways of QEO related to inflammation. NO and ROS levels were detected by fluorescent probe method. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of P-P65, P65, IκB-α and P-IκB-α. The main components of Qinan essential oil were 2-phenethyl-4H-chromen-4-one (50.08%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (8.45%), patchulane (6.46%), elemol (3.88%), 2-methyl-6-(2-propenyl)-phenol (2.78%). The DPPH radicals scavenging of QEO was 51.98% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and the total antioxidant capacity increased with the increase of QEO in the concentration range of 1-10 mg/mL. There were 533 intersecting targets of QEO and inflammation, and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main signaling pathways involved were MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K-Akt pathways. QEO significantly reduced the production and expression levels of NO, ROS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the results of western blot showed that QEO also inhibited the expression of P-P65 and P-IκB-α proteins (P<0.001). Therefore, QEO can achieve anti-inflammatory activity through reducing the production of ROS, thereby inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and further drastically decrease the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results demonstrate that QEO has the potential to be developed as an inflammation inhibitor.

The changing patterns of soil chemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity in rubber plantations intercropped with three potato varieties (Jianchuanhong or JCH, Zishu or ZS, Daniujiao or DJN) were studied in this study. The results showed that rubber plantation intercropped with potatoes could significantly increase the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline dissolved nitrogen, effective phosphorus, soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl β-D-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase activities, compared with rubber monoculture. There were significant differences among different potato varieties, with nutrient contents ranked as JCH>ZS>DJN, and enzyme activity ranked as DJN>JCH>ZS. Potatoes intercropped significantly increased the richness and diversity indexes of soil microorgnisms, and no significant differences among potato varieties. However, there was significant difference in the influence of different potato varieties on the abundance of specific microorgnisms in soil. The overall trend was that the abundance of specific bacterial such as Chloroflexi, Desulfobacterota were significantly decreased; the abundance of specific fungal such as Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Kickxellomycota were significant increased. LEfSE analyses revealed that some beneficial microorganisms involved in material cycle or antagonistic to plant pathogens were enriched in the intercroppedg soil. DJN, ZS and JCH enriched 16, 26 and 31 marker microorganisms, respectively. Redundancy and correlation analysis showed that soil nutrient and enzyme activity were significantly correlated with the abundance of specific bacteria and fungi in the soil of rubber plantation. The increase of soil nutrients and enzyme activity decreased the abundance of specific bacterial and significantly increased the abundance of specific fungi. In conclusion, potato intercropped significantly increased soil nutrients, enzyme activity and soil microbial community diversity, but decreased the abundance of specific bacteria and increased the abundance of specific fungi. There were significant differences in the effects of different potato varieties on soil nutrients and enzyme activity, which may be related to the enrichment of different beneficial microorganisms. This study would provide a new idea and data support for the intercropping in rubber plantation.

Conopomorpha sinensis is a main pest for litchi and longan. Currently, chemical pesticide control is still the primary technique on C. sinensis, which brings negative effects on the environment and increases insect pesticide resistance. Therefore, one imminent task is to develop new control strategies. The insecticidal plant glyceride oil, a new developed agricultural spray oil with no pesticide resistance, has a similar insecticidal effect compared with mineral oil. The contact insecticidal effects on C. sinensis eggs, pupae, adults and oviposition deterrent effect on adults of plant spray oil were evaluated by the spray method, and the evaluation of the field control effect was also conducted. The eggs, pupae, and adults were all susceptible to the oil. With 4.55 g/L of plant spray oil, the mortality rate of adult worms reached 100%, the emergence rate of pupae was less than 20%, the hatching inhibition rate of 1-day-old eggs was over 40%, and the plant spray oil had a certain repelling impact on spawning. Furthermore, the rate of fruit decay in the litchi orchard was greatly decreased by the oil treatment at the concentration of 4.55 g/L. The oil mixed with pesticides could reduce pesticide usage by half, while the rate of fruit decay was reduced to 1%. The results suggested that plant spray oil could be utilized to control C. sinensis in orchards, lessen the application of chemical pesticides, greatly enhance the control effect of C. sinensis, and offer a research foundation for the long-term, healthy growth of the litchi industry.

Pitaya contains abundant nutrients and is highly preferred by consumers. However, this fruit is prone to quality deterioration problems such as yellowing of fruit scales, fruit dehydration, peel shrinkage and decay during the postharvest storage period, which seriously affect its commercial value. Jindu No.1 variety was used to investigate the effect of gibberellin composite chitosan treatment on the postharvest quality and antioxidant capacity of pitaya. Pitayas of uniform size, consistent maturity and intact condition were randomly selected for six types of treatments: water (control group), 5 g/L chitosan, 50 mg/L gibberellin, 25 mg/L gibberellin + 5 g/L chitosan, 50 mg/L gibberellin + 5 g/L chitosan, and 100 mg/L gibberellin + 5 g/L chitosan treatments. The pitayas were stored at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ after treatment, and postharvest quality indicators including lipoxygenase activity (LOX), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant substance content and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured regularly. The results showed the well-maintained storage quality of pitayas treated with 50 mg/L gibberellin + 5 g/L chitosan. After 12 days of storage, the rate of fruit scale yellowing and water loss was reduced by 15.91% and 20.75% respectively compared with those of the control. The soluble sugar content, color a^* value and L^* value of the fruit were substantially higher than those of the other groups and the soluble pectin content was considerably lower than those in the other groups. The 50 mg/L gibberellin + 5 g/L chitosan treatment could also maintain the improved antioxidant capacity of pitaya. After 12 days of storage, MDA content and LOX activity in the fruit decreased by 16.04% and 19.23% respectively compared with the control. The content of antioxidant substances such as flavonoids, total phenols, reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) increased by 10.07%, 10.00%, 31.43% and 12.93%, respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased by 17.61%, 79.22% and 15.00% respectively compared with those of the control. The gibberellin composite chitosan treatment with appropriate concentrations could effectively maintain the postharvest quality of pitaya, increase the fruit’s antioxidant capacity, reduce membrane damage caused by lipid peroxidation, delay the ripening and aging of pitaya, and extend the preservation period. In addition, composite treatments could be considered a green, environmentally friendly, economical and effective preservation method that can serve as an application reference for pitaya storage, transportation and preservation industry after harvest.

In order to clarify the situation of macrofungal resources in Haikou, the analysis on species diversity of macrofungi in Haikou was carried out based on the samples collected by the authors in 2022 and deposited in Fungarium of the Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (FCATAS). A total of 110 species of macrofungi, belonging to 69 genera, 32 families, 10 orders, and 2 phyla, were identified based on morphological and molecular evindence. Two new species, 10 new Chinese records, and 33 new records in Hainan were found. Five dominances with more than 5% in total species were Polyporaceae, Hypoxylaceae, Agaricaceae, Xylariaceae, Omphalotaceae and Pleurotaceae, including 55 species, accounting for 50.00% of the total species. The assessment of the utilization value of the macrofungi showed that there were 8 edible species, 14 medicinal species, and 3 poisonous species in Haikou, indicating the resources have good application prospects. According to the records of “Redilist of China’s Biodiversity-Macrofungi”, 44 species of macrofungi in Haikou were assessed. Among them, Macrocybe gigantea was near to be threatened (NT), 27 species were least concerned (LC), and 16 species were data deficient (DD). The present study would provide important scientific basis for the protection, utilization and management of macrofungal resources in this area.

In order to clarify the application effect of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on rubber trees, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different proportions of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on the yield, leaf and latex mineral nutrients and soil nitrogen content of rubber trees under the condition of nitrogen reduction, and to provide a reference base for reasonable nitrogen application in the cultivation of rubber trees. The results showed that the combined application of controlled-release urea and common urea increased the dry rubber yield and the nitrogen content of leaves. Compared with conventional fertilization, the dry rubber yield increased by 16.28%-39.13% (2021) and 7.94%-9.69% (2022), nitrogen content in leaves increased by 10.54%-19.17% (2021) and 10.24%-21.50% (2022), and the leaf nitrogen content of the combined application of controlled-release urea combined and common urea was above normal value. Combined application of controlled-release urea and common urea also increased the soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen content in the fertilization hole of rubber plantation by 11.27%-80.36% compared with conventional fertilization. When the ratio of controlled release urea and common urea was 50:50, the dry rubber yield (2022), leaf nitrogen content (2021—2022) and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content (2021—2022) were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization. Overall, under the conditions of this experiment, the combination of controlled-release urea and common urea at a ratio of 50∶50 could obtain a higher dry rubber yield, improve the nutritional status of leaves, maintain soil nitrogen level, and help to achieve green and efficient fertilizer management of rubber trees.

Normal rats and diabetes model mice were used to explore the effects of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice and other noni juice on blood pressure of normal rats and blood sugar of diabetes model mice. The changes of blood pressure in normal rats and blood sugar in diabetes model mice were observed before and after the test. After anesthesia in normal rats, medication or fruit juice was infused into the duodenum, using direct pressure measurement method to measure blood pressure, reading blood pressure values before and after the experiment and conducting data analysis. The model of diabetes mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan, and the successful mice were given corresponding drugs or juice, continuous administration or juice for nine days. Mouse blood was collected on the 10th day to measure the fasting blood glucose values for comparative analysis. As the analysis of rat blood pressure revealed, there was no significant difference in blood pressure values between the high dose group of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice before and after injection; there was a very significant difference in blood pressure values before and after 90 minutes of injection in the medium dose group; there was a significant difference in blood pressure values between the low dose group before and after 240 minutes of injection; the medium dose group had the best blood pressure lowering effect. Analysis of blood sugar in diabetes model mice found that the low, medium and high dose groups of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice could reduce blood sugar to varying degrees, and the low-dose group had the best hypoglycemic effect, the hypoglycemic rate of Tahiti noni juice was 0.00%. Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice has the dual effect of lowering blood sugar and blood pressure, and the low dose group has the best effect of reducing blood sugar. Noni introduced from Hawaii to Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and Yuanjiang, Yunnan has no significant effect on its blood sugar lowering effect.