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Powdery mildew (Erysiphe quercicola) can infect a variety of economically important crops, and seriously threatens the rubber industry. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis, the genome of E. quercicola (HO-73 strain) was sequenced and 133 candidate secreted effector proteins (candiate secreted effector proteins, CSEPs), which have homologous proteins only in other powdery mildew, were identified. An effector protein, CSEP02974, which is conserved in powdery mildew, was identified. The function of the signal peptide in secreted protein was assayed using the yeast secretion system. CSEP02974 was a cytoplasmic effector protein verified by using the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system and localization analysis. Further, CSEP02974 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana inhibited chitin- or flg22-induced callose deposition and ROS accumulation. The result suggests that CSEP02974 is a virulence factor in suppressing plant immunity. CSEP02974 was silenced by spraying exogenous double-stranded RNA on E. quercicola. Pathogenicity analysis showed that this gene silencing led to inhibitions of extended growth and infection. In conclusion, this study identified a key E quercicola virulence factor, which would provide an important clue on the mechanism of interaction between rubber tree and E. quercicola.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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