The study investigated the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on yield, quality, and economic benefits of pomelo under the condition of water and fertilizer integration to provide a basis for exploring and practicing the integrated fertilization model of water and fertilizer for pomelo through a 3-year fixed position experiment. Four treatment methods were set up for Pinghe honey pomelo yield orchard: conventional fertilization (TF), 30% water and fertilizer package (30%WF), 50% water and fertilizer package (50%WF), and 70% water and fertilizer package (70%WF). The results showed that the effect of different degrees of reduced fertilization with a water-soluble fertilizer package on the yield of pomelo was significant. The average yield was as follows: 70%W>50%WF>TF>30%WF. The average 3-year yield increase rate of 50%WF, and 70%WF treatments in high-yield orchards was 12.43%, and 24.67%, respectively, compared to TF treatment. The average annual yield increase rate of 50%WF, and 70%WF treatments in low yield orchards compared to TF treatments was 15.05%, and 26.80%, respectively. The average 3-year yield of honey pomelo in high-yield and low yield orchards was the highest in the 70%WF treatment (high-yield orchards 67 845.5 kg/hm², low yield orchards 53 495.5 kg/hm²), and the yield increase in low yield orchards was greater than that in high yield orchards. 70%WF had the best 3-year average secondary fruit rate in both high and low yield orchards (5.71% in high yield orchards and 4.67% in low yield orchards). The application of different water-soluble fertilizer combinations in high-yield and low yield orchards had no significant effect on the granulation rate of pomelo flesh, but had a more significant impact on single fruit weight and flesh weight. Moreover, there was a significant interannual variation in the cracking rate of honey pomelo treated with different water-soluble fertilizer combinations. The 70% water-soluble fertilizer package significantly improved the basic agronomic traits of pomelo, increased single fruit weight, and reduced fruit cracking rate. The increase and decrease in soluble solids, soluble sugars, and titratable acidity of the four treatments in high-yield and low yield orchards after 2 years were not significant, and there was no significant difference among the treatments. The 70% water-soluble fertilizer package had the best quality indicators for honey pomelo. The 3-year average final net income of high-yield orchards treated with 50%WF, and 70%WF increased by 30.58%, and 47.79% compared to the TF treatment, respectively. The 3-year average production to investment ratio was the highest in the 70%WF treatment (4.29∶1), which is 1.31 times higher than that of the TF treatment. The 3-year average final net income of low yield parks treated with 50%WF, and 70%WF increased by 40.41%, and 59.67% compared to the TF treatment, respectively. The 3-year average production to investment ratio was the highest in the 70%WF treatment (3.63∶1), which is 1.17 times higher than that of the TF treatment. The 70% water-soluble fertilizer package treatment had the highest economic benefits in both high and low yield orchards, with the economic benefits of low yield orchards increasing more than those of high yield orchards. Under the integrated mode of water and fertilizer, different water and fertilizer combinations with reduced fertilization had the effect of increasing the yield and economic benefits, improving the quality of honey pomelo, and the application of 70%WF treatment in high and low yield orchards had the best effect on improving the yield and economic benefits, and improving the quality of honey pomelo. This is the best fertilization treatment and is recommended for application.

Guangxi spans the southern subtropics and central subtropics, with the Tropic of Cancer crossing the central part of the province, and belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, which breeds rich wild sugarcane germplasm resources. From 2016 to 2023, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences organized a team of researchers to carry out systematic surveys and collection of Narenga porphyrocoma germplasm resources in Guangxi. The team collected a total of 58 copies of N. porphyrocoma germplasm resources in 43 townships of 18 cities and districts in Guangxi. The results showed that the N. porphyrocoma germplasm resources in Guangxi were mainly distributed in the area of 60.0-602.5 m above sea level, longitude E: 107°08′01″-111°32′02″, latitude N: 23°08′02″-26°01′43″. The genetic diversity indices of the 20 descriptive quality traits of N. porphyrocoma germplasm resources in Guangxi ranged from 0 to 1.2044, with a mean value of 0.5557, in which the diversity of the color of the internodes after exposure was the highest, that of the cork was lower, and the diversity of the three traits of stem shape, aerial roots and water splitting was not reflected; the genetic diversity indices of N. porphyrocoma germplasm resources in Guangxi of the different collection areas ranged from 0.1040 to 0.4911, with Hezhou being the highest and Baise being the lowest. The phenotypic traits of N. porphyrocoma germplasm resources in Guangxi were rich in variation, and the coefficients of variation for six quantitative traits ranged from 17.3% to 53.6%, with an average of 34.8%; the coefficients of variation of N. porphyrocoma germplasm resources in Guangxi from different collection areas ranged from 29.4% to 36.9%, with Hechi being the largest and Guilin being the smallest. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 58 N. porphyrocoma germplasm resources in Guangxi were classified into six major groups, but were not closely related to the geographical origin, in which the materials in the first major group had better overall traits and excellent biomass and quality traits. The collection expanded the number of resources in Guangxi Sugarcane Germplasm Repository and would provide excellent genetic resources for sugarcane breeding and genetic improvement.

Coconut oil residue (COR) and coconut milk residue (CMR) are the two main by-products of coconut meat, which are produced during the processing of coconut oil and coconut milk, respectively. In order to explore the processing suitability of the two by-products, the nutritional and physicochemical properties of the two by-products were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the fat content of COR (19.37 g/100 g) was lower than that of CMR, while the nutrients such as protein (11.32 g/100 g), total dietary fiber (63.92 g/100 g), soluble dietary fiber (4.42 g/100 g), polysaccharides (25.67 mg/g), flavonoids (4.21 mg/g), total phenols (1.15 mg/g) and other active ingredients were higher than those of CMR. The hydrolyzed amino acids of COR and CMR were similar, but the content was significantly different, which was 94.955 mg/g and 56.975 mg/g, respectively. COR showed better hydration properties nificantly different, which was 94.955 mg/g and 56.975 mg/g, respectively. COR showed better hydration properties than CMR at different temperatures, but the fluidity of both was poor. COR had relatively higher thermal stability, more complete crystal structure and higher group activity than CMR. In conclusion, compared with CMR, COR has more nutrients and active ingredients, hydration properties and fluidity, and has higher thermal stability and stable crystal structure, which is an ideal raw material for low-fat, low-sugar and high-fiber food processing. The results of this study could provide theoretical guidance for the high-value utilization of coconut meat processing by-products in the food industry.

The bottom fraction of the latex from the Brazilian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), specifically the biological membranes that includes lutoids and the Frey-Wyssling complex, may undergo changes in its membrane lipids and membrane proteins. The changes could affect the coagulation rate of the latex during the tapping process and the speed of blockage of the incision of the latex vessels, thereby preventing the flow of latex and reducing yield. Two types of rubber trees with rapid and normal coagulation rates of latex were selected. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology (with both positive and negative ion detection modes) was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the lipids in the bottom fraction of the two types of latex, obtaining information on differential lipids. In the bottom fraction of the latex from trees with normal coagulation rates, phosphatidylethanolamine was the most abundant phospholipid subclass (accounting for about 22% of total lipids in negative ion mode and about 5.9% in positive ion mode); it was greater than phosphatidylcholine (about 12% in positive ion mode and about 4% in negative ion mode); phosphatidic acid had a high abundance (about 4% in positive ion mode and about 12% in negative ion mode), comparable to phosphatidylcholine; cardiolipin was abundant in the bottom fraction (about 6% in negative ion mode) and may be present in the Frey-Wyssling complex. In the rubber trees prone to rapid coagulation, cardiolipin in the bottom fraction significantly decreased to about 3.4% in negative ion mode. The phospholipids in the bottom fraction accounted for 31%-56%, neutral lipids 35%-54%, and glycolipids only 1%-2%. The bottom fraction contained a high abundance and quantity of non-bilayer phospholipids, namely phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, and cardiolipin, showing a highly dynamic nature of the latex bottom fraction. The significant downregulation of cardiolipin in the latex prone to rapid coagulation may affect the stability of the bottom fraction, thereby affecting latex coagulation, laticifer blockage, and latex flow. The discovery of high abundant non-bilayer phospholipids in bottom fraction in this study introduces a new perspective into the research of latex coagulation and laticifer blockage mechanisms.

In order to investigate the edible quality of different provenances of areca nuts, this study was carried out to determine the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protopectin and arecoline, and to analyze the textural structure of hardness, chewiness, viscosity, springiness and cohesion of areca nut from different varieties planted in Hainan. The results showed that there were significant differences between different provenances of areca nuts in terms of fruit shape, hemicellulose, chewiness, viscosity, cohesion and arecoline content. HN-TY showed good quality characteristics of soft fiber and high viscosity. HN-YG had the least hardness and high elasticity. HN-TY and HN-CG had high arecoline contents of 5910.61 and 7121.70 μg/g, respectively. In addition, among all the traits, arecoline content varied most frequently among betel nuts of different varieties and the coefficients of variation were large. Protopectin content was the most unstable, with the coefficients of variation ranging from 27.78% to 74.88%. The coefficients of variation for each trait of the TW were generally large, resulting in a rich genetic diversity. The present study would provide information on the important quality of different provenances of areca nuts available in Hainan province, while the determination of the coefficients of variation of thirteen trait indexes of areca nuts in six groups provide a basis for parental selection in areca nut improvement.

Photosynthesis plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants, and the light response curve can describe the relationship between photosynthetic rate and light intensity under different light conditions. As a thermocrop plant, clarifying the photosynthetic characteristics of Noni is crucial for understanding its growth and development process, while there are relatively few reports on the photosynthetic aspects of Noni. In order to study the photosynthesis of Noni and its environmental adaptation, this study took Noni with four shade treatments (CK, T₁, T₂, T₃) as the research object, and measured the daily change of light intensity, daily change of net photosynthesis and light response curve by LI-6400 portable photosynthesizer, and used four commonly used light response models to fit, and then screened the optimal model to obtain the corresponding photosynthetic characteristic parameters. The daily change of light intensity showed a single-peak parabolic trend, and the daily light intensity reached the maximum at 12∶00 noon, while the daily change of net photosynthesis of Noni showed an inverted U-shaped change, with a rapid increase from 6∶00 to 10∶00, and a slow decline from 10∶00 to 16∶00, and a rapid decline at 16∶00. The daily changes of the two existed some synchronous and non-synchronous changes. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and light intensity (I) both showed obvious decreasing trends with the increase of shade between different treatments. The modified model of the right-angle hyperbola (MRHM) fit most effectively for the light response curve of Noni. With the exception of 90% shade, both the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were lower than those of the other three models, ranging from 0.06 to 0.12 and 0.05 to 0.09, respectively. With the increase of shade, the photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax), light saturation point (LSP) and dark respiration rate (R_d) of Noni gradually decreased, while the light compensation point (LCP) gradually increased, indicating that under the induction of low light, the photosynthetic efficiency of Noni gradually decreased, and the photosynthetic efficiency of Noni gradually decreased when over-shaded. This indicates that the photosynthetic efficiency of noni decreases gradually under low light induction, and even decreases dramatically under excessive shade, and its high photosynthetic efficiency can only be activated under strong light stimulation. This study reveals the photosynthetic characteristics of Noni and its response strategy to different shade, which would provide a theoretical basis for the deep understanding of Noni ecological adaptation, and also provide a reference for the production of Noni understory planting or shade measures.

Frequent pre-harvest fruit abscission occurs during the development of longan fruits due to insufficient carbohydrate supply. The metabolism of carbohydrates is closely related to energy metabolism, and changes in energy charge related respiration and carbohydrate consumption, which are important indicators for measuring fruit physiological functions. In order to reveal the relationship between abnormal abscission and energy charge of longan fruits, this study used the fruits of the late stage of development (80 days after flowering) of “Chu Liang” longan as the materials, and used ear girdling plus defoliation treatment to block carbohydrate supply and artificially create hunger stress, which can lead to complete fruit abscission within 5 days. During this process, this study analyzed the changes in ATP, ADP, and AMP contents and energy charge levels in different tissues during fruit abscission. The results showed that the energy charge values of different tissues in the fruit were as follows: seeds>fruit skin>fruit flesh, and with the intensification of starvation stress, during the fruit abscission process, ATP significantly decreased and AMP significantly increased throughout the experiment. The energy charge values of different tissues showed a downward trend, but the decrease in seed energy charge value was the smallest, and the seed was the organ with the most stable energy charge. The results indicated that starvation stress could lead to a decrease in fruit energy levels, but the magnitude of energy changes varied among different tissues, seeds could maintain relatively stable energy charge levels, suggesting that under starvation stress, fruit resources prioritized the supply of seeds, thereby maintaining the energy state.

As an imported crop, date palm lacks planting management experience in China. It is imperative for the development of Chinese date palm industry to select suitable nutrients, construct the date palm rooting system quickly and efficiently, ensure the full absorption of nutrients by the roots during the field planting period, and shorten the growth cycle of date palm. In order to study the effects of different microalgae fertilizer on the growth of date palm seedlings of “Mabroom” and “Sillege” varieties, fresh microalgae (M₁), fermented microalgae solution (M₂), microalgae nutrient solution (M₃) and microalgae circulation solution (M₄) were selected to treat the seedlings. The growth and physiological indexes (leaf length, relative permeability of cell membrane, malondialdehyde MDA, peroxidase POD, catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR) of date palm seedlings were measured. The results showed that the leaf length of “Mabroom” seedlings was significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment with microalgae nutrient solution (M₃) and microalgae circulation solution (M₄), and the microalgae nutrient solution (M₃) and microalgae circulation solution (M₄) could promote the growth of “Mabroom” seedlings. The osmotic regulation ability of leaf cells was strong. The contents of catalase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were lower than those of the control. After treatment with fresh microalgae (M₁) and fermented microalgae solution (M₂), the leaf elongation length of “Sillege” seedlings was significantly higher than that of the control, and fresh microalgae (M₁) and fermented microalgae solution (M₂) were more suitable for the growth of “Sillege” seedlings, with fresh microalgae (M₁)>fermented microalgae solution (M₂). The osmotic regulation ability of leaf cells was higher than that of the control. The change of catalase content was lower than that of the control. This study showed that during the cultivation of microalgae, the microalgae nutrient solution (M₃) and microalgae circulation solution (M₄) could synthesize related active substances to produce primary metabolites. Such bioactive substances were absorbed by seedling roots and promoted the elongation and growth of date palm leaves. The “Mabroom” seedlings were more suitable to apply the secondary metabolites of microalgae as fertilizer. “Sillege” date palm seedlings are more suitable for fresh and fermented microalgae.

Cassava, commonly known as the “underground granary”, serves as the food staple for more than one billion people globally. Additionally, it is a prevalent and advantageous crop in southern China. Recently, the food security situation has intensified, leading to an increased emphasis on the utilization of cassava in China. Therefore, the breeding of new sweet cassava variety holds immense importance. In this study, using a self-crossing segregating populations and SNAP molecular marker assisted technology, a new sweet cassava variety, Gui 11 was bred. This variety exhibits a compact plant shape, with light yellow fleshy roots. The hydrogen cyanide content in its fresh tuberous root is 12.30 mg/kg, and it yield is 43.35 t/hm², presenting 24.64% higher than the current main sweet cassava variety 'South China 9'. Additionally, the fresh tuberous root of Gui 11 contains 38.40% dry matter, 28.20% starch, 4.71% soluble sugar, and 1.80% crude fiber, and it displays moderate resistance to Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The successful breeding of Gui 11 exemplifies the effective utilization of molecular marker technology to assist in the selection of new cassava varieties through self-crossing segregating populations. This advancement offers technical and variety support for promoting the transformation and enhancement of the cassava industry.

Plant peroxidase (POD) plays a role in plant development, hormone signaling, and stress response, but there are few research reports on the POD gene in mango. This study used mango genome data as a reference and employed bioinformatics methods to identify members of the POD gene family from multiple aspects, including protein characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, promoter cis acting elements, and gene expression patterns. The expression patterns of POD gene family members under enhanced UV-B irradiation through transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) experiments were analyzed. The mango POD (MiPOD) gene family had a total of 77 family members, and the genes were then mapped to 17 chromosomes and 2 scaffolds, encoding amino acids with a number of 206~500 aa, Stable proteins were accountted for the majority, most of them were hydrophilic proteins. Most MiPOD were predicted to localize in subcellular within chloroplasts, and classified into seven subgroups using phylogenetic analysis. The gene structure among members of the subgroup were similar. The results of collinearity analysis indicated that the proportion of MiPOD genes involved in segmental duplication was relatively high. It was speculated that it may be related to the expansion of the MiPOD family. The selection pressure analysis indicated that the K_a/K_s values of collinear genes were far less than 1, indicating that MiPODs may be mainly subjected to purifying selection during the evolutionary process. The MiPODs promoter region contained a large number of light responsive, hormone responsive, and stress responsive elements. MiPOD had different expression patterns, which may be related to its different protein functions. MiPOD exhibited different expression patterns during fruit growth and development under enhanced UV-B irradiation, with only MiPOD7 showing significant differences in expression levels among the highly expressed members. MiPOD7 expression levels were significantly higher than those of the control under UV-B stress, suggesting that it may play an important role in the response of mango fruit to UV-B stress. In summary, members of the MiPOD gene family may have evolved through segmental duplication and intron reduction patterns, and perform different functions by sensing different types of signals, thus forming different expression patterns. This research would lay the foundation for further studying the response mechanism of mango POD genes to different signals.