In the field of automotive functional safety, the dualcore lockstep (DCLS) architecture is a redundancy architecture widely used for addressing processor faults. This paper proposes a novel dualcore lockstep architecture for superscalar processors that supports finegrained fault handling. By executing program rollback in the form of a branch instruction, the proposed architecture can detect and correct faults within the same clock cycle they occur, without the need for additional hardware support. Furthermore, the virtual writeback (VW) mechanism is also presented, which feeds specific data to readonly registers to prevent fault propagation. This allows the processor to avoid continuous context saving during program execution, which reduces area overhead significantly. The experimental results show that this architecture achieves more thorough fault coverage with minimal impact on the processor performance, while exhibiting reduced latency and area overhead compared with the DCLSrelated previous work.

To ensure path tracking control precision in selfdriving vehicles with uncertain parameters, the paper proposes an outputfeedback control method with the prescribed control performance criteria. Firstly, by constructing the lateral offset error at the driver's preview point, a secondorder error integration system is established. Considering the unknown lateral velocity and perturbation in the tire cornering stiffness, a control model containing lumped unknown states is established by using the extended state method. The unknown states of the system are obtained by designing a linear extended state observer and the uniformly bounded convergence of the observation error is further proved. Then, to address the issue that the transient and steadystate performance of vehicles cannot meet the predefined accuracies, an output feedback path following controller with prescribed performance is proposed, incorporating observer estimations. The stability of the closedloop system is rigorously proved based on the Lyapunov theory. Finally, Matlab/

The fourwheel independent drivesteering (4WID4WIS) chassis architecture for fullvector wirecontrolled vehicles features multiple controllable degrees of freedom and superior stability at high speeds, which is an ideal solution to improve stability margin under extreme conditions and ensure driving safety. To address the issue of driving safety concerns arising from control conflicts under such conditions, a hierarchical coordinated control method for both longitudinal and lateral vehicle motions was proposed based on model predictive control (MPC). An expected motion state recognition method based on the singletrack model was established, and the model prediction controller was designed to transform the dynamic target. The prediction model was linearized and discretized using Taylor expansion and the forward Euler method. Then the optimal tire force distribution method based on load rate was designed and the arctangent tire inverse model was used to solve the control execution values. The simulation results show that the proposed coordinated control method significantly improves the vehicle's extreme motion stability under different road conditions. It achieves more accurate tracking of the expected motion state, expands the stability margin, and ensures driving safety.

To address the issue of large roll angle rates in the steadystate circular testing of a light commercial vehicle, its suspension system is optimized and improved. The multibody dynamics model of the vehicle is established using ADAMS/car. The accuracy of the suspension simulation model is verified by the antiphase parallel wheel travel test for the front suspension and theoretical calculations for the rear suspension. Through simulation analysis of the vehicle's steadystate circular test and oncenter steering test, it is concluded that the roll angle rate is higher than desired. To achieve the automated process of stability optimization analysis, a cosimulation method based on modeFRONTIER is proposed. Taking the suspension design parameters as optimization variables, and targeting the roll angle rate and yaw rate time delay as the optimization objectives, a hybrid agent model was fitted using the Latin hypercube experiment design method. This model was combined with the multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO) to carry out the multiobjective optimization of the suspension system, and the optimization scheme of the suspension system is obtained. The optimization results show that, while maintaining ride comfort, the roll angle rate is reduced by 13.93% and the yaw rate time delay is reduced by 2.75%, resulting in improved vehicle control and stability.

The operating environment for unmanned mining transport vehicles is challenging, characterized by unstructured roads such as highcurvature bends and slopes, which demand high requirements for unmanned transportation control. To improve the adaptability of traditional control algorithms like PID and to increase the accuracy of both lateral and longitudinal control in unmanned driving trajectory tracking, this study proposes a combined approach. It involves a multipoint preview lateral control method integrating pure pursuit with PID, and a longitudinal control method considering fuzzy control table parameter fitting. This approach is developed to reduce the number of control parameters while improving the algorithm's effectiveness. Initially, a basic controller is designed using the traditional control algorithm. And then the lateral and longitudinal control algorithms are developed based on the advantages of the basic algorithm. Finally, the performance of these algorithms is verified through hardwareintheloop simulation and onvehicle deployment testing. The experimental results show that compared with the Stanley method, the lateral control algorithm significantly improves vehicle path tracking accuracy. In terms of longitudinal control, the speed tracking error is less than 1 km/h, ensuring the smoothness and comfort of the vehicle's driving performance.

To solve the complex challenge of response calculation for the coupling system between the infinitelength road and vehicle, the elastic characteristics of foundation and road roughness are considered in the analysis, and a vehicleroad vibration coupling system is established based on an infinite length EulerBernoulli beam model. Then, the moving coordinate system was set up using the vehicle as the reference point. The analytical solution of vibration response of the coupled system was derived by integral transformation. The numerical calculations were carried out by applying the residue theorem, and the semianalytical solutions for the vehicle's vertical displacement, acceleration and road vibration response were obtained. Compared to the traditional modal superposition method used for the coupling response of finite

Current research show that female passengers have a lower capacity for injury compared with males when subjected to the same level of harm. Additionally, safety protection for rearseat passengers is less effective than for those in the front, posing a greater safety risk for smaller individuals in the rear seats during collisions. This study proposes a corresponding injury optimization solution. Firstly, a collision analysis model was constructed based on the CNACP frontal collision conditions. The reliability of the model was verified through a comparison with data from a frontal collision test, which involved a 100% overlap with a rigid barrier using the Hybrid III 5th female dummy. Subsequently, optimization designs were conducted based on benchmark results, comparing and analyzing the impact of different optimization configurations on passenger safety. Finally, an optimization plan was determined, which included adding collision locking tongues, configuring linear pretensioners, increasing seat stiffness, and adjusting seat belt force limit values. In comparison to the original design, the overall score for the rearseat female dummy during the collision process improved by 84%. According to the CNCAP star rating criteria, the score for the rearseat female dummy now exceeds 94%, indicating an excellent performance and validating the effectiveness of the optimization. The methods in this study provide a reference for research on injury optimization for smallsized rearseat dummies.

To compare the key performance of different drive systems in battery electric vehicles, a study on the motor drive system was carried out based on the same vehicle parameters and companyprovided experimental data for variablewinding permanent magnet synchronous motors. Using the elitepreserving genetic algorithm and dynamic programming theory, the speed ratios for both singleand twospeed AMT drive systems were designed and optimized. These methods were applied to optimize the system speed ratios, and to design the dynamic and economic aspects of the winding switching process in variablewinding permanent magnet synchronous motors. The simulation results show that in terms of dynamics, the twospeed AMT drive system offers the best acceleration performance. In terms of economy, the variablewinding permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system achieves the lowest energy consumption per 100 km.

Research on traffic accident data shows that twowheeler riders are at a high risk of injury. New car assessment protocols have started to impose requirements for the protection of twowheeler riders. According to the changes in the China Insurance Automotive Safety Index (CIASI) 2023 version, this paper analyzes the differences in head shape injuries at different impact angles by selecting car models that meet the requirements and conducting comparative experiments. The test results show that the injury severity at an impact Angle of 45° is greater than that at an impact angle of 65°.

A novel fourstage damping adjustable hydraulic interconnected suspension (FDAHIS) system is proposed. In this system, two solenoid onoff valves with different normal hole areas are connected in parallel to the damping valve of a passive hydraulic interconnected suspension (HIS) system. The solenoid valve's operational states, either open or closed, are controlled by the feedback control strategy, regulating the hydraulic flow to enable fourstage damping adjustment. In order to study the system performance, models for both the FDAHIS system and a 7DOF vehicle are established. The model is validated through bench testing of the system. The vehicle simulation results show that the FDAHIS system performs better in ride comfort and antipitch performance than the passive HIS system.