To ensure path tracking control precision in selfdriving vehicles with uncertain parameters, the paper proposes an outputfeedback control method with the prescribed control performance criteria. Firstly, by constructing the lateral offset error at the driver's preview point, a secondorder error integration system is established. Considering the unknown lateral velocity and perturbation in the tire cornering stiffness, a control model containing lumped unknown states is established by using the extended state method. The unknown states of the system are obtained by designing a linear extended state observer and the uniformly bounded convergence of the observation error is further proved. Then, to address the issue that the transient and steadystate performance of vehicles cannot meet the predefined accuracies, an output feedback path following controller with prescribed performance is proposed, incorporating observer estimations. The stability of the closedloop system is rigorously proved based on the Lyapunov theory. Finally, Matlab/

The fourwheel independent drivesteering (4WID4WIS) chassis architecture for fullvector wirecontrolled vehicles features multiple controllable degrees of freedom and superior stability at high speeds, which is an ideal solution to improve stability margin under extreme conditions and ensure driving safety. To address the issue of driving safety concerns arising from control conflicts under such conditions, a hierarchical coordinated control method for both longitudinal and lateral vehicle motions was proposed based on model predictive control (MPC). An expected motion state recognition method based on the singletrack model was established, and the model prediction controller was designed to transform the dynamic target. The prediction model was linearized and discretized using Taylor expansion and the forward Euler method. Then the optimal tire force distribution method based on load rate was designed and the arctangent tire inverse model was used to solve the control execution values. The simulation results show that the proposed coordinated control method significantly improves the vehicle's extreme motion stability under different road conditions. It achieves more accurate tracking of the expected motion state, expands the stability margin, and ensures driving safety.

The operating environment for unmanned mining transport vehicles is challenging, characterized by unstructured roads such as highcurvature bends and slopes, which demand high requirements for unmanned transportation control. To improve the adaptability of traditional control algorithms like PID and to increase the accuracy of both lateral and longitudinal control in unmanned driving trajectory tracking, this study proposes a combined approach. It involves a multipoint preview lateral control method integrating pure pursuit with PID, and a longitudinal control method considering fuzzy control table parameter fitting. This approach is developed to reduce the number of control parameters while improving the algorithm's effectiveness. Initially, a basic controller is designed using the traditional control algorithm. And then the lateral and longitudinal control algorithms are developed based on the advantages of the basic algorithm. Finally, the performance of these algorithms is verified through hardwareintheloop simulation and onvehicle deployment testing. The experimental results show that compared with the Stanley method, the lateral control algorithm significantly improves vehicle path tracking accuracy. In terms of longitudinal control, the speed tracking error is less than 1 km/h, ensuring the smoothness and comfort of the vehicle's driving performance.

This paper aims to investigate the effects of speed on the kinematic response and injuries of riders in frontal collision accidents between trucks and twowheelers. For these purposes, multibody models of the truck and twowheeled vehicle were established using MADYMO software to reconstruct a frontal collision involving these vehicles. Furthermore, 25 accident simulations were performed at different speeds by employing the validated model. The kinematic responses and injury metrics were analyzed for twowheeler riders. The results indicate that the extent of body rotation in riders increases with the speed of both the twowheeler and the truck. The riders face a high risk of severe head and chest injuries when the truck's impact speed exceeds 20 km/h, and a notable risk of serious lower extremity injuries when the truck speed exceeds 25 km/h. At truck speeds between 30 km/h to 40 km/h, there is a trend of increasing HIC values for the rider's head with an increase in twowheeler speed, while the trend for chest acceleration is opposite.

To improve the crashworthiness of automobile energyabsorbing boxes, the paper proposes three different biomimetic doublediamondribbed multicell thinwalled structures, inspired by the microstructure of bamboo. Initially, the finite element model for these biomimetic structures is established and its impact resistance is compared with that of the traditional octagonal multicell thinwalled structure through finite element simulations. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the effects of the arrangement of doublediamond ribs and the thickness of inner walls on the energy absorption characteristics and deformation modes of the novel structures. The results indicate that the biomimetic structures offer significantly better energy absorption than their traditional counterparts. The arrangement of doublediamond ribs and the thickness of both inner and outer walls affect the structural energy absorption characteristics. With the increase in the inner wall thickness, the initial peak force on the structure decreases, but the total energy absorption and specific energy absorption decrease, leading to a reduction in load stability. The proposed biomimetic doublediamondribbed multicell thinwalled structure effectively reduces the injuries to occupants in frontal vehicle collisions, and can be applied in the design and development of energyabsorbing boxes for new energy vehicles.

In the field of automotive functional safety, the dualcore lockstep (DCLS) architecture is a redundancy architecture widely used for addressing processor faults. This paper proposes a novel dualcore lockstep architecture for superscalar processors that supports finegrained fault handling. By executing program rollback in the form of a branch instruction, the proposed architecture can detect and correct faults within the same clock cycle they occur, without the need for additional hardware support. Furthermore, the virtual writeback (VW) mechanism is also presented, which feeds specific data to readonly registers to prevent fault propagation. This allows the processor to avoid continuous context saving during program execution, which reduces area overhead significantly. The experimental results show that this architecture achieves more thorough fault coverage with minimal impact on the processor performance, while exhibiting reduced latency and area overhead compared with the DCLSrelated previous work.

To compare the key performance of different drive systems in battery electric vehicles, a study on the motor drive system was carried out based on the same vehicle parameters and companyprovided experimental data for variablewinding permanent magnet synchronous motors. Using the elitepreserving genetic algorithm and dynamic programming theory, the speed ratios for both singleand twospeed AMT drive systems were designed and optimized. These methods were applied to optimize the system speed ratios, and to design the dynamic and economic aspects of the winding switching process in variablewinding permanent magnet synchronous motors. The simulation results show that in terms of dynamics, the twospeed AMT drive system offers the best acceleration performance. In terms of economy, the variablewinding permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system achieves the lowest energy consumption per 100 km.

A novel fourstage damping adjustable hydraulic interconnected suspension (FDAHIS) system is proposed. In this system, two solenoid onoff valves with different normal hole areas are connected in parallel to the damping valve of a passive hydraulic interconnected suspension (HIS) system. The solenoid valve's operational states, either open or closed, are controlled by the feedback control strategy, regulating the hydraulic flow to enable fourstage damping adjustment. In order to study the system performance, models for both the FDAHIS system and a 7DOF vehicle are established. The model is validated through bench testing of the system. The vehicle simulation results show that the FDAHIS system performs better in ride comfort and antipitch performance than the passive HIS system.

In response to the issue of vehicle brake jitters commonly seen in electrichydraulic composite braking systems driven by multiaxis distributed motors, two strategies are proposed: a motor braking power correction strategy during the pressure buildup stage and a coordinated control strategy based on feedforwardfeedback. These strategies respectively address brake jitter by coordinating the composite braking force during the pressure buildup phase and other stages. A PID controlbased strategy for ABS has been developed to resolve the braking conflict arising from the simultaneous operation of the ABS and the motor braking system by adjusting the motor braking force. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated by conducting a comprehensive joint simulation using TruckSim, Matlab/Simulink, and AMESim. Results show that the brake jolt decreases by 20.66% during the pressure buildup phase and 92.59% during the motor exit phase, significantly improving the overall driving experience. Furthermore, the ABS control strategy facilitates the recuperation of braking energy while maintaining the ideal slip ratio. Supported by the full vehicle braking test results, the coordinated control strategy achieves efficient recuperation of braking energy while ensuring good braking performance.

Research on traffic accident data shows that twowheeler riders are at a high risk of injury. New car assessment protocols have started to impose requirements for the protection of twowheeler riders. According to the changes in the China Insurance Automotive Safety Index (CIASI) 2023 version, this paper analyzes the differences in head shape injuries at different impact angles by selecting car models that meet the requirements and conducting comparative experiments. The test results show that the injury severity at an impact Angle of 45° is greater than that at an impact angle of 65°.