This study aimed to investigate change patterns of aroma substances of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis pulp during ripening，providing reference for fruit quality regulation and development and utilization of aroma substances of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis.

Fruits at hard ripening （Y0），softening （R0），cracking （K0），and ripening （Y3） stages of the variety Yemutong Ⅰ of Akebia trifoliata ssp. australis were taken as test materials. Widely targeted metabolomic analysis and relative odor activity value （ROAV） analysis were performed，and KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment and sensory flavor were analyzed based on differential volatile metabolites.

A total of 448 volatile metabolites were detected in pulp of Yemutong Ⅰ at the four stages，with terpenoids and heterocyclic compounds being the most abundant. During the whole tree ripening process of Y0→R0→K0，the differential volatile metabolites were mainly up-regulated；the differential volatile metabolites were mainly down-regulated during the process of Y0→Y3 at room temperature. In Y0 vs R0，the significantly enriched pathway of differential volatile metabolites was biosynthesis of cofactor （P<0.05，the same below），while in Y0 vs K0 and Y0 vs Y3，the significantly different metabolic pathway was sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis，followed by biosynthesis of cofactor. A total of 70 key odor components with ROAV > 1 were identified，among which benzyl mercaptan，3,6-nonadienal，5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2（5H）-furanone，phenylethyl isovalerate，and other substances showed great influence on shaping pulp odor of Yemutong Ⅰ. ROAV analysis results showed that the odor characteristics of pulp at each ripening stage were relatively consistent：sweet odor type was dominant，with a contribution rate of 84.40%-89.89%，followed by spicy and floral odor types，with contribution rates of 2.89%-5.02% and 2.71%-3.35% respectively. Fruity and green odor types were the common sensory flavor characteristics annotated to the differential volatile metabolites across all comparison groups.

Pulp of Yemutong Ⅰ exhibits a complex odor type covering green，fruity，and sweet odors，forming a distinctive flavor characteri-zed by sweet and refreshing，tender and smooth，with rich fruity odor and a subtle hint of coconut substances. During the two ripening processes of tree-ripening and post-harvest ripening at room temperature，the overall pulp odor exhibits relatively minor changes. Therefore，fruits harvested at the softening stage are suitable for fresh consumption or short distance transportation，while those at the hard-ripening stage are more appropriate for storage and long distance transportation.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different ultrasound-combined pretreatments on the microwave drying efficiency and dried product quality of star anise，identify the optimal pretreatment method and its underlying mechanism，and thereby provide reference for the green，efficient，and energy-saving drying processing of star anise.

Fresh star anise was subjected to three pretreatments as raw materials：ultrasound （US），ultrasound combined with steam blanching （US-SB），and ultrasound combined with freeze-thaw treatment （US-FT），with samples directly subjected to microwave drying without pretreatment served as the control （CK）. Effects of the three pretreatments on the microwave drying characteristics，physicochemical quality，and antioxidant activity of star anise were systematically analyzed，and the underlying mechanisms were further elucidated through microstructural observation and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

All three pretreatments disrupted the cellular structure of star anise and increased the number of water-migration pathways. Compared with the CK group ［drying time of 261.67 min and specific energy consumption of 14.60 （kW·h）/kg］，the drying times of the US，US-SB，and US-FT groups were reduced by 8.92%，46.50%，and 32.48% respectively，while their specific energy consumptions decreased by 13.08%，50.00%，and 33.56% respectively. The US-SB group exhibited the highest drying efficiency. However，polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity was almost completely inactivated，resulting in no significant difference in the redness value （a^*） of dried product compared with the CK group （P>0.05，the same below）. Moreover，its volatile oil content （6.59%），shikimic acid content （8.20%），and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging rate （53.95%） were significantly lower than those of the CK group （P<0.05，the same below）. PPO activity in the US and US-FT groups was significantly higher than that in the CK group，and the a^* values significantly increased by 15.74% and 15.64% compared with CK group respectively，demonstrating a brighter red color；the DPPH radical scavenging rates increased significantly by 22.28% and 25.53% compared with CK group respectively；no significant differences in volatile oil or shikimic acid contents were observed between these two groups and the CK group. The volume shrinkage rate of US-FT group （41.88%） showed no significant difference with the CK group，whereas those of the US （45.78%） and US-SB （54.18%） groups were significantly increased. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the US and US-FT pretreatments increased the free water peak area and promoted water migration，whereas the US-SB pretreatment reduced free water and increased immobilized water. Correlation analysis revealed that a^* had an extremely significant positive correlation with the DPPH radical scavenging rate （P<0.01，the same below），while the volume shrinkage rate showed extremely significant negative correlations with volatile oil content，shikimic acid content，and DPPH radical scavenging rate.

Consi-dering both drying efficiency and product quality，ultrasound combined with freeze-thaw pretreatment exhibits the best overall performance，which can shorten drying time，reduce energy consumption，improve star anise color，effectively retain volatile oil，shikimic acid，and antioxidant activity，without increasing volume shrinkage ratio. This technology provides a feasible approach for the green drying and processing of star anise.

This study aimed to elucidate the pedigree and traits related to yield and quality of strong gluten wheat varieties bred in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，providing reference for genetic improvement of strong gluten wheat varieties in this region.

Strong gluten and medium-strong gluten wheat varieties proved by national or provincial registration in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used as materials to analyze their genetic pedigree and contribution values of core parents，and data from regional trials were utilized to analyze their traits related to yield，quality，and diseases resistance.

From 2007 to 2023，a total of 70 strong or medium-strong gluten wheat varieties were registered in this region. The breeding methods included systematic selection，cross breeding，and recurrent selection breeding，among which cross breeding accounted for 95.6% of all developed varieties，with single-cross breeding being the predominant method （65.7%），multiple-cross breeding accounting for 25.6%，with three varie-ties developed through backcross breeding. Pedigree analysis of parents revealed that the strong gluten wheat varieties developed in Jiangsu were mainly derived from Sumai No. 6 and its derivative varieties （Zhenmai No. 9，Zhenmai No. 10，and Zhenmai 168），while those developed in Hubei were mainly derived from Zhengmai 9023 and Xinong 979. Among the superior wheat varieties developed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，medium-strong gluten varie-ties accounted for the highest proportion of 58.6%. All varieties met the strong gluten or medium-strong gluten standards in terms of grain protein content and extended area；however，12 varieties failed to meet the quality standard for stability time，five varieties failed for maximum resistance to extension，and five varieties failed to meet the first-class wheat standard for test weight. In terms of yield performance，92.9% of the varieties outyielded the control，with varying degrees of improvement in effective panicle number，kernel number per panicle，and thousand-kernel weight compared with the control. Regarding resistance to Fusarium head blight，the improvement was relatively effective，with 54.3% of varie-ties showing moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight，25.7% showing moderate to high resistance to stripe rust，2.9% showing moderate resistance to sheath blight，and 17.1% showing primary to moderate resistance to powdery mildew.

The breeding of superior strong gluten wheat in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has achieved considerable progress，with 70 high yield and superior strong gluten or medium-strong gluten wheat varieties developed. However，the problems of narrow parental sources and limited genetic basis remain，and thus the introduction and utilization of elite germplasm from other ecological regions or relatives of wheat should be strengthened. For quality improvement，more attention should be paid to the enhancement of gluten quality，and the screening of dough rheological pro-perty indicators should be reinforced. To improve the stable yield and adaptability of superior varieties，resistance to Fusarium head blight needs to be further enhanced，and particular emphasis should be placed on improving resistance to powdery mildew and sheath blight，so as to achieve the goal of superior，high-yield，and green production.

This study aimed to systematically reveal the distribution patterns of repeat sequences in genomic microsatellites of Cynoglossus semilaevis and analyze the functional annotations，providing sequence resources for developing microsatellite molecular markers with potential functional implications and exploring genetic breeding.

Based on the whole-genome sequences of Cynoglossus semilaevis，the microsatellite repeat sequences in genome were screened by bioinformatic methods. GO functional annotation and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on genes associated with microsatellites in exonic regions.

A total of 473776 microsatellite loci belonging to six base repeat types were identified in the Cynoglossus semilaevis genome，accounting for 1.62% of the total genome length；the number of microsatellites decreased with the increase in the base number of repeat units，and mononucleotide and dinucleotide microsatellites accounted for 84.85% of all microsatellites，with a significant positive correlation between chromosome length and number of contained microsatellites （P<0.05，the same below）. Among different repeat motif types in genomic microsatellites of Cynoglossus semilaevis，the A/T motif was the most abundant in mononucleotide repeats，and the AC/GT motif was the most abundant in dinucleotide repeats，and the numbers of each type of microsatellite decreased with the increase of motif repeat times. The significantly enriched GO functional terms of genes containing microsatellites in genomic exonic regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis were regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II and protein phosphorylation. The KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the significantly enriched signaling pathways for genes containing microsatellites in genomic exonic regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis included starch and sucrose metabolism within the metabolism category and necroptosis within the cellular process，followed by the tight junction within the cellular process.

Genomic microsatellites of Cynoglossus semilaevis are mainly composed of mononucleotide and dinucleotide repeats，and a significant positive correlation is found between the number of microsatellites and chromosome length，with the number decreasing as motif repeat number rises. Microsatellites in exonic regions are significantly enriched in signaling pathways associated with transcriptional regulation，energy metabolism，and immune response，and they probably participate in the adaptive regulation of Cynoglossus semilaevis under environmental stresses such as hypoxia.

This study aimed to discover SSR loci of Anthurium andraeanum L. through transcriptome sequencing and develop polymorphic EST-SSR molecular markers，providing reliable tools for evaluating germplasm resources，constructing genetic maps，and molecular breeding in Anthurium andraeanum L.

Transcriptome sequencing of spathes of Anthurium andraeanum L. cultivars of five colors using Illumina，and MISA was employed to screen SSR loci，analyze their types，frequency，and distribution characteristics. EST-SSR primers were designed using Primer 3.0. A total of 120 pairs of primers were randomly selected. After preliminary screening of three representative cultivars，PCR amplification was conducted for 22 Anthurium andraeanum L. cultivars，with calculation of polymorphism information content （PIC）. Finally，the effectiveness of EST-SSR markers was validated by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） using NTSYSpc 2.10e.

Transcriptome sequencing of Anthurium andraeanum L. generated 22381 unigenes，with the total length of 34872210 bp，from which 11324 SSR loci were detected，distributed across 7705 unigenes，with an occurrence frequency of 50.60% and an average distribution distance of 3.08 kb. The predominant repeat motifs were mononucleotide （24.55%），dinucleotide （46.41%），and trinucleotide （27.69%），with the predominant nucleotide repeat type of A/T （21.59%），AG/CT （37.73%），and AC/GT （6.30%）. SSR locus lengths were primarily between 12-20 bp，with repeat numbers predominantly ranging from 5 to 12. A total of 7705 primers containing SSR loci were designed for unigenes，7456 pairs of EST-SSR primers were obtained. Polymorphic detection was performed for the 120 pairs of EST-SSR primers，in which 107 pairs successfully amplified （with the success rate of 89.17%），with 75 pairs of primers showing polymorphism. A total of 20 pairs of primers were further selected，and the DNA of 22 Anthurium andraeanum L. cultivars was taken as templates for validation，yielding 16 pairs of highly polymorphic primers （PIC>0.5000）. These primers demonstrated excellent discriminatory capability for the 22 Anthurium andraeanum L. cultivars that were classified into four groups，consistent with traditional morphological classification.

SSR loci of Anthurium andraeanum L. transcriptomes exhibit high abundance and polymorphism，which can be used for efficient molecular marker development. The developed EST-SSR markers show characteristics such as high polymorphism and stability，providing effective tools for germplasm evaluation，genetic map construction，and breeding assisted by molecular markers，which can facilitate genetic elucidation and cultivar improvement of major ornamental traits of Anthurium andraeanum L.

This study aimed to predict the potential suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in China，clarify the correlation between climate change and its distribution，thereby providing a theoretical basis for its artificial cultivation，introduction，development，and utilization.

Based on the 62 distribution points of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. and 19 environmental factors，the maximum entropy model （MaxEnt） was used to predict its potential suitable habitats under current and future （2050s and 2090s） climate change scenarios （SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5）. The actual suitable habitats were calculated through overlay analysis with land use types. Key environmental factors were screened based on their contribution rates and response curves. Based on changes in suitable habitat area and centroid migration，the chan-ging trends in potential suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. under future climate change were determined.

The current total suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in China was 37.59 × 10⁴ km²，mainly distributed in Guangdong，Guangxi，Hainan，Fujian，Taiwan，and Yunnan. The area of lowly suitable habitat was 24.67 × 10⁴ km²，the area of moderately suitable habitat was 10.09 × 10⁴ km²，and the area of highly suitable habitat was 2.83 × 10⁴ km² respectively. Overlay analysis was performed on geographical layers of forestland and shrubland，which showed that the actual suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. was 21.56 × 10⁴ km². The four key environmental factors affecting the growth of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. was in the order of contribution rate as minimum temperature of coldest month （73.5%） > precipitation of driest month （9.7%） > annual precipitation （6.2%） > mean diurnal temperature range （4.0%），with minimum temperature of coldest month being the dominant environmental factor. Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario，the suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. generally showed an overall expanding trend. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario，although the lowly suitable habitats continued to increase by the 2090s，the moderately and highly suitable habitats shrank sharply，resulting in a declining trend in the total suitable habitats. In addition，under the SSP1-2.6 scenario，the centroid of the suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in China showed no obvious east-west migration but exhibited a continuous northward migration trend. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario，the centroid of suitable habitats rapidly migrated westward and then remained relatively stable in longitude，while continuously migrating northward in latitude.

Under future climate change scenarios，the distribution trends and area changes of suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in China will show different response patterns. The suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in Guangdong and Guangxi will continue to increase under the low radiative forcing scenario but shrink severely under the high radiative forcing scenario. Therefore，meteorological monitoring and artificial intervention should be strengthened，and changes in crop varieties should be considered in a timely manner. The suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in Fujian，Yunnan，and Guizhou will continue to increase. Planting trials should be conducted before introduction and cultivation in newly suitable habitats，while economic viability and feasibility should also be considered. The suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in Hainan and Taiwan remain relatively stable，but attention should be paid to the decline in suitable habitat levels caused by climate change. Artificial intervention measures should be taken in a timely manner based on environmental factors and meteorological monitoring results to ensure the quality of medicinal materials.

This study aimed to investigate overall structure，key components，and working parameters of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester，providing reference for optimizing operation performance of the whole-stalk sugarcane harvester.

A special leaf stripping channel test platform was built，and different sugarcane varie-ties were selected to carry out systematic experiments to analyze the effects of sugarcane morphology and environmental humidity on leaf stripping of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and determine the optimal parameter interval of leaf stripping roller rotation speed. Based on the self-designed automatic profiling mechanism，an adaptive ground cutting system was constructed，and the automatic lifting control of the cutterhead was discussed. The working performance of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester was evaluated by field experiment.

The physical morphology of sugarcane markedly affected the operation performance of the leaf stripping device. When harvesting sugarcane in upright state and bending state，the leaf stripping roller rotation speed was controlled at 600-800 r/min and 700-900 r/min respectively，which could maintain low impurity rates and loss rates，thus achieving good leaf stripping performance. Environmental humidity also affected leaf stripping performance. The leaf stripping roller rotation speed was controlled at 400-600 r/min under low humidity conditions and 800-1000 r/min under medium and high humidity conditions，which could keep low impurity rates and loss rates. Based on the optimal stubble height in the sugarcane-growing areas of Guangxi，the automatic control scheme for cutterhead lifting was set as follows：when the distance between the cutterhead and the ground was 1-3 cm，the height of the cutterhead remained unmoved；when the distance was < 1 cm，the height of cutterhead was raised；when the distance was > 3 cm，the height of cutterhead was lowered. The field experiment results showed that，for the 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester，the average impurity rate was 2.71%，the average stump breaking rate 6.34%，the average loss rate 2.98%，the qualified cane rate 94.10%，and the qualified cutting height rate 95.80%. The overall operation performance indicators of the machine met the requirements of JB/T 6275-2019 Sugarcane Combine Harvester. Compared with the conventional manual harvesting efficiency （1.0-1.5 t/d），the average harvesting efficiency of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester was 5.31 t/h，and the daily harvesting capacity was equivalent to the workload of about 40 workers.

By controlling the key working parameters of leaf stripping process of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and formulating the automatic control scheme of cutterhead lifting，the impurity rate and loss rate of sugarcane harvesting process can be effectively controlled，and the quality and efficiency of sugarcane harvesting can be improved.

This study aimed to systematically characterize the histological structure，cellular ultrastructural features，and distribution patterns of mucous cells and club cells in dorsal，abdominal，and tail skin of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei，thereby providing histological evidence for elucidating its habitat adaptation mechanisms and supporting germplasm resource conservation.

Three healthy adult female fish were selected，and their skin tissues were collected from the dorsal，abdominal，and tail regions. The samples were examined by light microscope and transmission electron microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE） and Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff staining （AB-PAS）. ImageJ was used to conduct quantitative analysis on the thickness of epidermal and dermal layers，as well as the numbers of mucous cells and club cells in the dorsal，abdominal，and tail skin.

The skin of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei was scaleless and consisted of the epidermis，dermis，and subcutaneous layer. Pigment cells were present in the dermis of dorsal and tail skin，whereas adipose tissue was abundant in the subcutaneous layer of abdominal skin. Transmission electron microscope observation results revealed that the epithelial cells in the epidermis，with numerous fingerprint-like micro-ridges on the free end of these cells；abundant desmosomal junctions were observed between epithelial cells；fibroblasts were present in the middle dermis，adjacent to densely arranged bundles of collagen fibers. Epidermis thickness was in the order of abdomen > dorsum > tail，and the dermis thickness of dorsal and abdominal skin was significantly greater than that of the caudal skin （P<0.05，the same below），with only a slight difference in thickness between the dorsal and abdominal dermis，while the caudal dermis was the thinnest. Mucous cells were mainly distributed in the superficial epidermis and were dominated by type III mucous cells，with a small number of type II and type IV mucous cells also observed. The number of mucous cells in the dorsal skin was significantly higher than that in the abdominal and tail skin. No significant difference was observed in the number of club cells among the skin at different parts of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei （P>0.05）.

The scaleless skin of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei contributes to the establishment of a physical barrier and chemical defense system adapted to torrent gravel habitat through coordinated features including epidermal thickening，predominance of type III mucous cells，and relatively uniform distribution of club cells. Differences in skin structure and cellular distribution in different parts of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei reflect functional responses to differential external stresses，such as hydraulic impact and substrate abrasion.

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of tea germplasm resources from Jiuwan Mountain，Guangxi，providing theoretical reference for tea origin and evolution studies，superior gene mining，and germplasm innovative utilization and conservation.

A total of 120 tea germplasm resources from Jiuwan Mountain，Guangxi were taken as research materials. A total of 19 phenotypic traits of them （including 13 qualitative traits and six quantitative traits） such as tree architecture and leaf morphology were determined，and genetic variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，and cluster analysis were performed to systematically evaluate the major phenotypic traits and their genetic diversity.

Most tea germplasm resources from Jiuwan Mountain，Guangxi，were shrubs （61.67%） and semi-arbors （35.00%）；semi-spreading type accounted for the largest proportion （45.00%），followed by erect type （30.00%） and spreading type （25.00%）. Leaf insertion angle was mainly flat type （70.00%）. Leaf color was dominated by green （74.17%），followed by light green （19.16%）. Leaf apexes were mainly acuminate （38.33%） and acute （36.67%）. Leaf bases were mostly cuneate （74.17%）. Leaf blades were mainly flat （57.50%） and involute （39.17%）. Leaf surfaces were mainly slightly convex （38.34%） and relatively smooth （30.00%）. Leaf margins were mainly flat （87.50%）. Leaf texture was relatively soft or brittle （each accounting for 34.17%）. Leaf serration density were mostly moderately （55.84%） and intensely （38.33%） dense；leaf serration depth was moderate （58.33%） or shallow （25.00%）；leaf serration sharpness was mainly sharp （47.50%） or moderately sharp （45.83%）. The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H'） of 13 qualitative traits was 1.31，with coefficients of variation ranging from 25.01% to 45.07%. The average H' of six quantitative traits was 2.03，and the coefficients of variation ranged from 13.83% to 38.63%. Correlation analysis showed that 11 pairs of traits had extremely significant positive correlations，nine pairs had significant positive correlations，10 pairs had extremely significant negative correlations，and 10 pairs had significant negative correlations. Principal component analysis extracted the first seven principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.29%，and five superior germplasms with high comprehensive scores for leaves were screened according to principal component scores. Cluster analysis showed that the 120 germplasm resources were divided into seven groups at a Euclidean distance of 5.38：Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ had more germplasms，making up 75.83% of all materials；LZ099 and LZ110 in Group Ⅴ，along with LZ034 and LZ081 in Group Ⅲ，could serve as vital materials for tea breeding for their good characteristics such as big leaves and double buds.

Phenotypic traits of tea germplasm resources from Jiuwan Mountain，Guangxi show rich genetic diversity，with great development potential for breeding new distinctive tea varieties and innovative utilization of germplasm. Rare group conservation and exploration and utilization of core germplasms should be strengthened.

This study aimed to establish a hypoxia stress model for Pelteobagrus vachelli，clarify the response mechanism of related genes in the gill tissue to hypoxia stress，providing data support for further exploration of its gill tissue hypoxia adaptive regulation and theoretical basis for screening highly adaptive populations of Pelteobagrus vachelli.

One-year-old Pelteobagrus vachelli were used as research subjects，and three treatment groups were set ［control group （C：dissolved oxygen content of 6.50 ± 0.10 mg/L），hypoxia group （H：dissolved oxygen content of 0.75 ± 0.10 mg/L，6 h），and recovery group （R：dissolved oxygen content of 6.50 ± 0.10 mg/L，6 h）］. Gill tissue samples were collected to extract RNA，and differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were screened by transcriptome sequencing. GO functional annotation analysis and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed，and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used for verification.

The results showed that raw data of 57.72 Gb were detected through sequencing nine samples from Group C，Group H，and Group R. According to the reference genome，a total of 22116 genes were annotated and 1824 new genes were found. For the Group C vs Group H，554 DEGs were detected，in which 270 were up-regulated and 284 were down-regulated；for the Group C vs Group R，42 DEGs were detected，in which 12 were up-regulated and 30 were down-regulated；for the Group H vs Group R，993 DEGs were detected，in which 470 were up-regulated and 523 were down-regulated. DEGs were mainly annotated to GO functional items such as cellular process，single-organism process，metabolic process，binding，catalytic activity，nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity，signal transducer activity，cell part，membrane，and cell. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis found that DEGs were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as breast cancer，pathways in cancer，basal cell carcinoma，cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction，chemical carcinogenesis-DNA adducts，and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection results showed that the expression trends of partial DEGs between groups were overall consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results.

Hypoxia stress inhibits the cell proliferation and signaling pathways of Pelteobagrus vachelli to some extent，lea-ding to inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiration activation，and gill tissue up-regulates expression of glycometabolism gene to promote glucose breakdown to produce energy. Activation of the glycolytic pathway leads to pyruvate accumulation，meanwhile，pyruvate kinase expression is inhibited at the transcriptional level，accompanied by a partial activation of gluconeogenesis pathway. Changes in heat shock protein gene expression may counteract hypoxic stress by inhibiting the autophagy pathway to reduce energy consumption.