This study aimed to investigate the effects of different ultrasound-combined pretreatments on the microwave drying efficiency and dried product quality of star anise，identify the optimal pretreatment method and its underlying mechanism，and thereby provide reference for the green，efficient，and energy-saving drying processing of star anise.

Fresh star anise was subjected to three pretreatments as raw materials：ultrasound （US），ultrasound combined with steam blanching （US-SB），and ultrasound combined with freeze-thaw treatment （US-FT），with samples directly subjected to microwave drying without pretreatment served as the control （CK）. Effects of the three pretreatments on the microwave drying characteristics，physicochemical quality，and antioxidant activity of star anise were systematically analyzed，and the underlying mechanisms were further elucidated through microstructural observation and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

All three pretreatments disrupted the cellular structure of star anise and increased the number of water-migration pathways. Compared with the CK group ［drying time of 261.67 min and specific energy consumption of 14.60 （kW·h）/kg］，the drying times of the US，US-SB，and US-FT groups were reduced by 8.92%，46.50%，and 32.48% respectively，while their specific energy consumptions decreased by 13.08%，50.00%，and 33.56% respectively. The US-SB group exhibited the highest drying efficiency. However，polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity was almost completely inactivated，resulting in no significant difference in the redness value （a^*） of dried product compared with the CK group （P>0.05，the same below）. Moreover，its volatile oil content （6.59%），shikimic acid content （8.20%），and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging rate （53.95%） were significantly lower than those of the CK group （P<0.05，the same below）. PPO activity in the US and US-FT groups was significantly higher than that in the CK group，and the a^* values significantly increased by 15.74% and 15.64% compared with CK group respectively，demonstrating a brighter red color；the DPPH radical scavenging rates increased significantly by 22.28% and 25.53% compared with CK group respectively；no significant differences in volatile oil or shikimic acid contents were observed between these two groups and the CK group. The volume shrinkage rate of US-FT group （41.88%） showed no significant difference with the CK group，whereas those of the US （45.78%） and US-SB （54.18%） groups were significantly increased. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the US and US-FT pretreatments increased the free water peak area and promoted water migration，whereas the US-SB pretreatment reduced free water and increased immobilized water. Correlation analysis revealed that a^* had an extremely significant positive correlation with the DPPH radical scavenging rate （P<0.01，the same below），while the volume shrinkage rate showed extremely significant negative correlations with volatile oil content，shikimic acid content，and DPPH radical scavenging rate.

Consi-dering both drying efficiency and product quality，ultrasound combined with freeze-thaw pretreatment exhibits the best overall performance，which can shorten drying time，reduce energy consumption，improve star anise color，effectively retain volatile oil，shikimic acid，and antioxidant activity，without increasing volume shrinkage ratio. This technology provides a feasible approach for the green drying and processing of star anise.

This study aimed to investigate overall structure，key components，and working parameters of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester，providing reference for optimizing operation performance of the whole-stalk sugarcane harvester.

A special leaf stripping channel test platform was built，and different sugarcane varie-ties were selected to carry out systematic experiments to analyze the effects of sugarcane morphology and environmental humidity on leaf stripping of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and determine the optimal parameter interval of leaf stripping roller rotation speed. Based on the self-designed automatic profiling mechanism，an adaptive ground cutting system was constructed，and the automatic lifting control of the cutterhead was discussed. The working performance of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester was evaluated by field experiment.

The physical morphology of sugarcane markedly affected the operation performance of the leaf stripping device. When harvesting sugarcane in upright state and bending state，the leaf stripping roller rotation speed was controlled at 600-800 r/min and 700-900 r/min respectively，which could maintain low impurity rates and loss rates，thus achieving good leaf stripping performance. Environmental humidity also affected leaf stripping performance. The leaf stripping roller rotation speed was controlled at 400-600 r/min under low humidity conditions and 800-1000 r/min under medium and high humidity conditions，which could keep low impurity rates and loss rates. Based on the optimal stubble height in the sugarcane-growing areas of Guangxi，the automatic control scheme for cutterhead lifting was set as follows：when the distance between the cutterhead and the ground was 1-3 cm，the height of the cutterhead remained unmoved；when the distance was < 1 cm，the height of cutterhead was raised；when the distance was > 3 cm，the height of cutterhead was lowered. The field experiment results showed that，for the 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester，the average impurity rate was 2.71%，the average stump breaking rate 6.34%，the average loss rate 2.98%，the qualified cane rate 94.10%，and the qualified cutting height rate 95.80%. The overall operation performance indicators of the machine met the requirements of JB/T 6275-2019 Sugarcane Combine Harvester. Compared with the conventional manual harvesting efficiency （1.0-1.5 t/d），the average harvesting efficiency of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester was 5.31 t/h，and the daily harvesting capacity was equivalent to the workload of about 40 workers.

By controlling the key working parameters of leaf stripping process of 4GL-KC98.6 whole-stalk sugarcane harvester and formulating the automatic control scheme of cutterhead lifting，the impurity rate and loss rate of sugarcane harvesting process can be effectively controlled，and the quality and efficiency of sugarcane harvesting can be improved.

This study aimed to perform prokaryotic expression，purification，and subcellular localization of the lipid transfer protein （OsLTPL108） of rice grain shape regulation，providing theoretical reference for elucidating its biological functions and its molecular mechanism of grain shape regulation.

The OsLTPL108 gene coding sequence （CDS） was obtained from the UniProt database，and primers were designed for PCR amplification. The amplification product was detected by electrophoresis and sequencing. Bioinformatic software were used to predict the physicochemical properties，transmembrane domains，signal peptides，hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity，and subcellular localization of the encoded protein. The OsLTPL108 gene was ligated into pGEX-2T to construct the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108，which was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus（DE3）-RIPL for induced expression. The purified target protein was verified by immunoblotting. Concurrently，the subcellular localization vector pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP was constructed and transformed into rice protoplasts to observe its subcellular localization.

Using cDNA of rice variety Dingxiang B as the template，the amplified OsLTPL108 gene was 477 bp in length and the sequence was completely consistent with japonica rice whose accession number was LOC_Os03g14654 from the RGAP database. The OsLTPL108 gene encoded 158 amino acid residues，with its relative protein molecular mass of 15.66 kD，and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.7；amino acids 1-30 of N-terminal contained a transmembrane domain，and amino acids 31-158 constituted a soluble domain. Amino acids 1-24 of N-terminal formed a typical signal peptide sequence，suggesting the protein was a secretory one. The core region of OsLTPL108 protein （amino acids 30-120） harbored a complete non-specific LTP family domain （Pfam accession number of PF14368） composed of eight highly conserved cysteine residues. After the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-2T-OsLTPL108 was transformed into the prokaryotic expression system，low temperature overnight induction at 18 °C with 0.1 mmol/L IPTG resulted in a high expression of OsLTPL108 protein. A GST-OsLTPL108 protein fusion protein with a molecular mass of approximately 39.64 kD was successfully obtained，showing single bands without obvious non-specific bands. Protein mass spectrometry identified three specific peptides matching OsLTPL108 protein，confirming that the sequence of exogenously expressed and purified protein OsLTPL108 was correct. After the subcellular localization vector pRHV-OsLTPL108-cGFP was transformed into rice protoplasts，the green fluorescence signal of the OsLTPL108-EGFP fusion protein displayed a reticular pattern and completely overlapped with the red fluorescence signal OsHLP1-mCherry of endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein，proving that the protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in rice protoplasts.

OsLTPL108 is a secretory protein. By utilizing the solubility-enhancing GST tag，highly pure soluble fusion protein can be obtained from the prokaryotic expression system，which can be used for subsequent protein antibody preparation. The OsLTPL108 protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum of rice cells，and as the endoplasmic reticulum is the main site of plant lipid synthesis，OsLTPL108 is speculated to function in lipid transport.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions on yield and quality of Orah，providing reference for Orah production and fruit and vegetable waste valorization.

Diffe-rent plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions were uniformly sprayed on leaves of Orah trees at the fruit expansion-ripening stage. Plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions used on treatment A and treatment B were made from cull Orah fruits and discarded cabbage leaves，with an equal spray of purified water as the control treatment （CK）. Relative chlorophyll content （SPAD value），nitrogen content，phosphorus content，potassium content，amino acid content in leaves and fruits，fruit yield traits，and quality indicators under different treatments were determined. Correlation analysis was conducted on leaf indicators，fruit mass，and fruit quality indicators.

The two treatments of spraying plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions effectively increased the SPAD value of leaves，single fruit weight，and total amino acid contents in leaves and fruits，which were significantly higher than those of CK （P<0.05，the same below）；the treatment A exhibited better effects than treatment B. Spraying plant Jiaosu nutrient solutions significantly increased the nitrogen content of leaves，but had little effects on nitrogen content，phosphorus content，and potassium content in Orah fruits. Vitamin C content，soluble sugar contents，total sugar content，and sugar-acid ratio were positive indicators affecting fruit quality. The four indicators of treatment A were significantly higher than those of treatment B and CK；for treatment B，only the sugar-acid ratio was significantly higher than that of the CK，whereas the other three parameters showed no significant differences compared with CK （P>0.05）. In terms of the negative indicators affecting Orah fruit quality （total acid content and crude fiber content），treatment A had the lowest values of both indicators，which were significantly lower than CK. The correlation network diagram of indicators showed that spraying Jiaosu nutrient solutions might affect the yield and quality of Orah fruits indirectly by influencing SPAD value，nitrogen content，potassium content，and amino acid content of leaves.

Foliar spraying the two Jiaosu nutrient solutions increase yield and quality of Orah by influencing indicators such as chlorophyll content，amino acid content，and Jiaosu nutrient solutions prepared from fruits of the same plant species show better efficacy.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of different improvement measures on physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity of peach rhizosphere soil，providing theoretical basis for peach continuous crop obstacle alleviation and sustainable development of peach cultivation.

Replanted peach rhizosphere soil was used as the research object. Three treatments were established：deep tillage of original soil followed by rice rotation + natural grass （DR+NG），deep tillage of original soil followed by rice rotation + alfalfa grass （DR+PA），and deep tillage of original soil + natural grass （DT+NG）. Soil physicochemical property determination and high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial communities of rhizosphere soil in peach orchard under different improvement measures，and function prediction was performed.

The analysis results of soil physicochemical pro-perty showed that，compared with the DT+NG treatment，the DR+NG treatment significantly increased soil pH，alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen，and organic matter content （P<0.05，same below），and significantly decreased electrical conductivity and available potassium content. Compared with the DR+NG treatment，the DR+PA treatment significantly decreased soil pH，electrical conductivity，alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content，and organic matter content while significantly increased available potassium content. Bacterial community analysis showed that，compared with the DT+NG treatment，the relative abundance of Bacteroidota，Crenarchaeota，Latescibacterota，NB1-j，and Nitrospirota significantly or extremely significantly （P<0.01） increased；compared with the DR+NG treatment，the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota，Desulfobacterota，Firmicutes，and Chloroflexi significantly or extremely significantly （P<0.01） increased. Soil microbial diversity showed significant differences among treatments. Compared with the DT+NG treatment，the ACE and Chao indexes under the DR+NG treatment increased by 7.30% and 6.90% respectively，the Simpson index extremely significantly increased by 44.09% （P<0.001），and the Shannon index extremely significantly decreased by 2.27% （P<0.001）；compared with the DR+NG treatment，the ACE，Chao，and Shannon indexes under the DR+PA treatment extremely significantly increased by 13.50%，13.30%，and 2.80% （P<0.001） respectively，and the Simpson index extremely significantly decreased by 25.68% （P<0.001）. Function prediction results showed that rice rotation and grass treatments significantly affected carbon and nitrogen cycling-related functions，and compared with the DT+NG treatment，relative abundance of nitrification function under the DR+NG treatment extremely significantly increased by 103.6% （P<0.01）；compared with the DR+NG treatment，relative abundance of chemoheterotrophy，aerobic chemoheterotrophy，and nitrogen fixation functions under the DR+PA treatment extremely significantly increased by 17.3%，22.0%，and 88.3% respectively （P<0.01）.

Deep tillage followed by rice rotation combined with alfalfa grass treatment can improve soil physicochemical properties and provide an ideal microbial environment for early peach growth. Compared with conventional natural grass and deep tillage alone，it shows better comprehensive improvement effects and can be applied in the renewal of old peach orchards.

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate Bougainvillea germplasm resources in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River，providing theoretical reference for superior variety selection and new variety breeding of Bougainvillea in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River.

A total of 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were taken as research objects to measure 11 cultivar traits and five pigment content indicators. Public scoring and grouping by color category were performed. Comprehensive evaluation of Bougainvillea germplasms was conducted based on analysis of coefficient of variation （CV），cluster analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis （PCA），and membership function analysis.

The 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were divided into purple group，red group，orange-yellow group，pink group，and white group，and the CV of quantitative traits ranged from 28.05%-39.93%，with the largest CV for leaf width at 39.93% and the smallest CV for bract width at 28.05%. The CV of pigment content ranged from 26.52% to 46.62%，with the largest CV for procyanidin content at 46.62% and the smallest CV for chlorophyll a content at 26.52%. Correlation analysis results showed that the procyanidin content had extremely significant negative correlations with betacyanin content and flower color （P<0.001），with the coefficient of correlation of -0.87；flower color had an extremely positive correlation with betacyanin content （P<0.001），with the coefficient of correlation of 0.88；public scoring had significant （P<0.05） or extremely signficant （P<0.01） correlations with flower color，leaf length，procyanidin content，and betacyanin content，with the most pronounced correlation with flower color. Cluster analysis results showed that the 18 germplasms into four major groups，among which Group Ⅱ only included Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila，demon-strating that this cultivar showed greater uniqueness compared with other germplasms；the 11 cultivar traits and five pigment content indicators were divided into four major categories：the first and second categories showed trait characteristics，and the third and fourth categories showed pigment content characteristics. Principal component analysis（PCA） showed that，six principal components from the first to the sixth principal component were extracted at the standard of eigenvalue greater than 1，with the cumulative contribution rate of 82.85%，and the traits that exhibited the highest factor loadings across the six principal components （PC1-PC6） were flower color，bract width，leaf length，leaf width，leaf color，and chlorophyll a content. By calculating the membership function values，Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell had the highest score. According to calculation combined comprehensive PCA with membership function method，the 18 Bougainvillea germplasms were divided into four grades，and the Grade I included Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila，Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt，and Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell.

According to comprehensive evaluation of PCA and membership function method，three Bougainvillea cultivars （Bougainvillea cv. Miss Manila，Bougainvillea cv. Mrs. Butt，and Bougainvillea cv. Killie Campbell） have high scores. As they have big bracts，big leaves，and bright bracts，they are suitable to be popularized and cultivated in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River.

This study aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between native Paphiopedilum germplasms in China，clarify genetic distances and coefficients of genetic similarity，providing theoretical basis for formula-ting strategies of sustainable conservation of Paphiopedilum resources.

Using 31 Paphiopedilum germplasms from China and two exotic Paphiopedilum germplasms conserved ex situ as the core experimental materials，and one Phragmipedium germplasm as the outgroup，iPBS and ISSR primers were selected to amplify the genomic DNA of the 34 germplasms. A binary raw data matrix was generated by manually scoring the amplification electrophoretograms，and multidimensional scaling analysis was performed using NTSYS-pc 2.1，with genetic diversity indexes calculated using PopGen 1.32.

The combined iPBS and ISSR molecular marker-assisted phylogenetic analysis results revealed that when the coefficient of genetic similarity was 0.37，33 Paphiopedilum germplasms were divided into five groups （I-V）. The Group I，Group II，Group III，and Group IV were corresponded to subg. Parvisepalum，subg. Brachypetalum，subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum，subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata in classical taxonomy，and Group V was a collection of subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Cochlopetalum. The genetic diversity at species level of Paphiopedilum germplasms ［iPBS molecular marker：effective number of alleles （Ne） was 1.5969，expected heterozygosity （He） was 0.3492，Shannon diversity information index （I） was 0.5210；ISSR molecular marker：Ne was 1.5515，He was 0.3340，and I was 0.5068］ was obviously higher than that at group level （iPBS molecular marker：Ne was 1.4274，He was0.2730，and I was 0.4292；ISSR molecular marker：Ne was 1.3733，He was 0.2492，and I was 0.4027）. This revealed that Paphiopedilum plants showed marked genetic differentiation at species level，forming multiple distinct genetic groups，as subg. Parvisepalum，subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum，andsubg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata exhibiting the top three genetic diversity among groups. Genetic differentiation was found between groups of Paphiopedilum，but the overall genetic similarity remained high. Analysis results based on iPBS molecular markers showed that subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata shared the closest relationship，while subg. Brachypetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata shared the farthest relationship；analysis results based on ISSR molecular markers showed that the collection of Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Cochlopetalum had the closest relationship with subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata，while subg. Parvisepalum and subg. Brachypetalum shared the farthest relationship.

Paphiopedilum germplasms in China are primarily distributed across five groups：subg. Parvisepalum，subg. Brachypetalum，subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum，subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata，and subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Pardalopetalum，among which the three groups （subg. Parvisepalum，subg. Paphiopedilum sect. Paphiopedilum，andsubg. Paphiopedilum sect. Barbata） show high genetic diversity level. Obvious genetic differentiation is found between Paphiopedilum groups，implying that the groups have undergone long-term genetic isolation or possess distinct regional adaptations.

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of tea germplasm resources from Jiuwan Mountain，Guangxi，providing theoretical reference for tea origin and evolution studies，superior gene mining，and germplasm innovative utilization and conservation.

A total of 120 tea germplasm resources from Jiuwan Mountain，Guangxi were taken as research materials. A total of 19 phenotypic traits of them （including 13 qualitative traits and six quantitative traits） such as tree architecture and leaf morphology were determined，and genetic variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，and cluster analysis were performed to systematically evaluate the major phenotypic traits and their genetic diversity.

Most tea germplasm resources from Jiuwan Mountain，Guangxi，were shrubs （61.67%） and semi-arbors （35.00%）；semi-spreading type accounted for the largest proportion （45.00%），followed by erect type （30.00%） and spreading type （25.00%）. Leaf insertion angle was mainly flat type （70.00%）. Leaf color was dominated by green （74.17%），followed by light green （19.16%）. Leaf apexes were mainly acuminate （38.33%） and acute （36.67%）. Leaf bases were mostly cuneate （74.17%）. Leaf blades were mainly flat （57.50%） and involute （39.17%）. Leaf surfaces were mainly slightly convex （38.34%） and relatively smooth （30.00%）. Leaf margins were mainly flat （87.50%）. Leaf texture was relatively soft or brittle （each accounting for 34.17%）. Leaf serration density were mostly moderately （55.84%） and intensely （38.33%） dense；leaf serration depth was moderate （58.33%） or shallow （25.00%）；leaf serration sharpness was mainly sharp （47.50%） or moderately sharp （45.83%）. The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H'） of 13 qualitative traits was 1.31，with coefficients of variation ranging from 25.01% to 45.07%. The average H' of six quantitative traits was 2.03，and the coefficients of variation ranged from 13.83% to 38.63%. Correlation analysis showed that 11 pairs of traits had extremely significant positive correlations，nine pairs had significant positive correlations，10 pairs had extremely significant negative correlations，and 10 pairs had significant negative correlations. Principal component analysis extracted the first seven principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.29%，and five superior germplasms with high comprehensive scores for leaves were screened according to principal component scores. Cluster analysis showed that the 120 germplasm resources were divided into seven groups at a Euclidean distance of 5.38：Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ had more germplasms，making up 75.83% of all materials；LZ099 and LZ110 in Group Ⅴ，along with LZ034 and LZ081 in Group Ⅲ，could serve as vital materials for tea breeding for their good characteristics such as big leaves and double buds.

Phenotypic traits of tea germplasm resources from Jiuwan Mountain，Guangxi show rich genetic diversity，with great development potential for breeding new distinctive tea varieties and innovative utilization of germplasm. Rare group conservation and exploration and utilization of core germplasms should be strengthened.

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional components and antioxidant acti-vity of different buckwheat germplasm resources，providing theoretical basis for identifying specialized buckwheat varie-ties and their processing and utilization.

A total of 10 tartary buckwheat and 27 common buckwheat germplasms were taken as materials to determine their total protein content，total phenolic content，total flavonoid content，total starch content，1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging capability，2,2'-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt （ABTS） radical scavenging capability，and total antioxidant capability. The genetic variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，and cluster analysis were performed.

Diversity analysis results showed that the total protein content，total phenolic content，total flavonoid content，total starch content，DPPH radical scavenging capability，ABTS radical scavenging capability，and total antioxidant capability of tartary buckwheat were all higher than those of common buckwheat. The coefficient of variation of tartary buckwheat germplasms ranged from 2.27% to 49.36%，among which the ABTS radical scavenging capability exhibited the highest coefficient of variation，while the total protein content showed the lowest coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation of common buckwheat germplasms ranged from 4.62% to 35.19%，with relatively high values for total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging capability （>30%），and the lowest value for total protein content. Correlation analysis revealed that，in tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat，total phenolic content was significantly positively correlated with total flavonoid content，and DPPH radical scavenging capability was significantly positively correlated with ABTS radical scavenging capability（P<0.01）；no significant correlations were observed between total protein content or total starch content and other traits （P>0.05）. Principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rates of the first three principal components were 83.9% for tartary buckwheat and 78.6% for common buckwheat. In tartary buckwheat，Group Ⅰ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total protein content and high total starch content，Group Ⅱ could serve as hybrid parents for genetic analysis of total protein，total phenolic，and total starch traits，and Group Ⅲ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total phenolic content，high total flavonoid content，and high antioxidant activity. In common buckwheat，Group Ⅰ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total protein content and high total flavonoid content，Group Ⅱ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total antioxidant capability，and Group Ⅲ could serve as candidate materials for breeding varieties of high total phenolic content，high total starch content，and high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities.

The ABTS radical scavenging capability in tartary buckwheat，as well as the total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging capability in common buckwheat exhibit rich genetic variation and can serve as target traits for specialized excellent germplasms. The phenolic and radical scavenging capability factor，total antioxidant factor，and nutritional component factor in tartary buckwheat，along with the phenolic and antioxidant activity factor，and total protein factor in common buckwheat，extracted by principal component analysis，can be used as core indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of buckwheat quality. Buckwheat germplasms from different groups can be utilized for the screening and application of specialized varieties with high protein content，high starch content，high phenolic content，and high antioxidant capability.

This study aimed to predict the potential suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in China，clarify the correlation between climate change and its distribution，thereby providing a theoretical basis for its artificial cultivation，introduction，development，and utilization.

Based on the 62 distribution points of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. and 19 environmental factors，the maximum entropy model （MaxEnt） was used to predict its potential suitable habitats under current and future （2050s and 2090s） climate change scenarios （SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5）. The actual suitable habitats were calculated through overlay analysis with land use types. Key environmental factors were screened based on their contribution rates and response curves. Based on changes in suitable habitat area and centroid migration，the chan-ging trends in potential suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. under future climate change were determined.

The current total suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in China was 37.59 × 10⁴ km²，mainly distributed in Guangdong，Guangxi，Hainan，Fujian，Taiwan，and Yunnan. The area of lowly suitable habitat was 24.67 × 10⁴ km²，the area of moderately suitable habitat was 10.09 × 10⁴ km²，and the area of highly suitable habitat was 2.83 × 10⁴ km² respectively. Overlay analysis was performed on geographical layers of forestland and shrubland，which showed that the actual suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. was 21.56 × 10⁴ km². The four key environmental factors affecting the growth of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. was in the order of contribution rate as minimum temperature of coldest month （73.5%） > precipitation of driest month （9.7%） > annual precipitation （6.2%） > mean diurnal temperature range （4.0%），with minimum temperature of coldest month being the dominant environmental factor. Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario，the suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. generally showed an overall expanding trend. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario，although the lowly suitable habitats continued to increase by the 2090s，the moderately and highly suitable habitats shrank sharply，resulting in a declining trend in the total suitable habitats. In addition，under the SSP1-2.6 scenario，the centroid of the suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in China showed no obvious east-west migration but exhibited a continuous northward migration trend. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario，the centroid of suitable habitats rapidly migrated westward and then remained relatively stable in longitude，while continuously migrating northward in latitude.

Under future climate change scenarios，the distribution trends and area changes of suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in China will show different response patterns. The suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in Guangdong and Guangxi will continue to increase under the low radiative forcing scenario but shrink severely under the high radiative forcing scenario. Therefore，meteorological monitoring and artificial intervention should be strengthened，and changes in crop varieties should be considered in a timely manner. The suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in Fujian，Yunnan，and Guizhou will continue to increase. Planting trials should be conducted before introduction and cultivation in newly suitable habitats，while economic viability and feasibility should also be considered. The suitable habitats of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. in Hainan and Taiwan remain relatively stable，but attention should be paid to the decline in suitable habitat levels caused by climate change. Artificial intervention measures should be taken in a timely manner based on environmental factors and meteorological monitoring results to ensure the quality of medicinal materials.