We explore the deep-seated motivations that drive the accelerated digital transformation of scientific research institutions in the new era of high-quality development. We analyze the unique operational models and business characteristics of scientific research institutions and, on this basis, construct a working approach to promote the rapid implementation of digital transformation, namely "all online" work system. We also sort out various challenges that scientific research institutions may encounter during the digital transformation process and based on the actual situation, summarize and propose an innovative path for scientific research institutions to achieve digital transformation.

This review highlights the frontiers and hot topics in nuclear physics in 2024. It specifically focuses on areas such as rare-isotope-beams nuclear physics, relativistic heavy-ion collision physics, intersections between low-medium energy and high energy, neutrinoless double beta decay, hyperfine structures, nuclear clocks, the state equation of nuclear matter and nuclear astrophysics, as well as interdisciplinary fields including nuclear medicine. These developments in nuclear physics, encompassing both theoretical expansions and experimental breakthroughs, continue to deepen our understanding of the fundamental composition of matter and the evolution of the universe.

With the fast development of wind power and photovolatics, the issue of electricity peak-shaving, utilizing in situ and power storage has become more and more urgent. Peak-shaving depends upon coal power generation while the dacarbonation of power generation has been proved to finally rely on biomass co-firing. On the other hand, current technologies of power storage cannot fit the huge requirement of big-volume and long-term power storage. Since biomass is natural power storage matter, it can be transferred to syngas through electricity-driven gasification, then converted to gaseous and liquid bioenergies which can be both storaged for long time and shipped for long distance. In case of peak-shaving for wind power and photovolatics, they can be transferred to power through steam turbine easily and immediately. Besides, the breakthrough of biomass gasification makes it possibile to establish the "biomass chemical industry" characterized with zero CO₂ emission, as well as to produce something to substitute petrochemicals, so as to save oil indirectly. In conclusion, biomass will play a more and more important role in energy transformation of China.

Various hydrogen storage and transportation technologies emerging at the forefront of research and development, including solid-state metal hydrides, hydrogen-rich organic liquids, methanol-based hydrogen storage, and ammonia-based hydrogen storage, have distinct characteristics and are suited to different application scenarios. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the technical features, current development status, economic costs, and key technological challenges of these novel approaches. Additionally, it explores future development trends and offers a comprehensive assessment of their economic feasibility and potential applications. At present, solid-state hydrogen storage has been demonstrated through certain applications, but large-scale commercialization remains challenging due to high costs and high energy consumption. Organic liquid hydrogen storage offers operational convenience yet is limited by high dehydrogenation temperatures, slow hydrogen release rates, and reliance on precious metal catalysts. Meanwhile, green methanol and green ammonia-based hydrogen storage face challenges related to energy consumption, safety risks, and economic constraints. Given the unique advantage and limitation of each storage and transportation technology, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive analysis considering factors such as hydrogen storage capacity, transportation distance, safety, carbon emissions, and specific application scenarios to determine the most suitable technological pathway and deployment strategy.

The global imperative of addressing climate change through clean energy transformation has profound implications for the global supply chain. Critical minerals are essential to achieving net-zero carbon emissions and advancing clean energy technologies In the context that Saudi Arabia's pursues economic diversification and realizes "Vision 2030", it tries to reduce reliance on its oil-based economy and revolves around the urgent need to secure the supply of critical minerals and expedite the development of the clean energy sector. Currently, China's "Belt and Road" initiative closely aligns with Saudi Arabia's "2030 Vision". Collaborative efforts in the realm of clean energy between the two nations offer substantial opportunities for resource complementarity, technical expertise exchanges, and access to broader industrial markets. This paper systematically examines and analyzes the foundation and potential for the collaboration between China and Saudi Arabia in the field of clean energy across various dimensions, including politics, society, and the supply chain. Collaborative recommendations from the perspective of mutual interests are put forward to facilitate Saudi Arabia's transition in energy and the realization of its "2030 Vision". Simultaneously, the paper further unleashes the potential for resource sharing, technological innovation, and market expansion between the two parties. This endeavor seeks to advance the establishment of partnerships between China and the surrounding regions of Saudi Arabia and foster a new paradigm for China's international cooperation and development along the "Belt and Road".

Under the environment of carbon neutrality, hydrogen energy has a huge market potential, and whether it can realize the same scale of marine transportation as LNG has become the key factor restricting its wide application. So the development of liquid hydrogen carriers is particularly urgent. By searching the global patent literature in the field of liquid hydrogen carriers and analyzing the patent development path by combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the technological innovation situation in the field of liquid hydrogen carriers is fully displayed in this article. Then the development path of technology is studied from a perspective of patent layout in terms of key technologies such as overall design of the carrier, design of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, research of the liquid cargo handling system, and exploration of the liquid hydrogen power system. Finally, recommendations for China's development are put forward with a view of providing reference for domestic innovation subjects in this field.

Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM), owing to its ultra-high spatial resolution, has become an indispensable tool for advancing nanotechnology and probing quantum phenomena. It has a wide range of applications across various fields, including materials science, physics, chemistry, and biology. The significance of SPM lies in its atomic-scale resolution and multifunctionality. This review summarizes recent progress, development trends, and existing challenges in integrating SPM with extreme conditions. SPM can perform various fundamental measurements, such as mechanical, magnetic, and electrical characterization, making it a versatile platform for exploring the microscopic world. At present, as material performance continues to improve yet seems to encounter a bottleneck in disruptive breakthroughs, leveraging extreme environments to discover new materials and new physics has become a promising direction. Therefore, the integration of SPM with extreme external physical fields—such as ultra-high magnetic fields, ultra-low temperatures, and high vacuum—has emerged as an important development trend.

To systematically assess the satisfaction of mission task requirements for weapon systems, a combined method based on quality function deployment (QFD) and belief rule base inference methodology using evidential reasoning (RIMER) is proposed. First, the QFD method decomposes high-level mission task requirements into specific equipment capability requirements, constructing relevant mapping relationships across different levels of needs. Second, the Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method identifies the importance of each sub-task requirement and utilizes hesitant fuzzy number scoring to improve the traditional relationship matrix determination. In the evaluation of underlying equipment capabilities, the RIMER method builds a belief rule base to enhance the accuracy of assessing complex and uncertain indicator data through evidential reasoning. Finally, by reverse deduction of the QFD mapping relationship an assessment of requirement satisfaction is achieved from underlying capabilities to mission tasks. An example of an urban intelligent manned/unmanned collaborative control task has validated the effectiveness of the method. The results indicate that this method has advantages in handling complex and uncertain data, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the assessment.

Against the background of rapid global economic development, the construction and development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is a key innovation engine for China to promote strategic development and a prime choice for China to achieve sustainable socioeconomic development. This paper summarises and analyzes the influencing factors behind the spatial development characteristics of the coastal city cluster of the Greater Bay Area, Mountain, Sea, Field and City. Based on the remote sensing monitoring data of the coastal cities in the Greater Bay Area for seven periods in 40 years, the natural elements such as mountains, fields and cities are translated, extracted and organised for calculation. It is found that the spatial patterns of mountains, seas, fields and cities in the coastal cities of the Greater Bay Area is characterized by the evolutionary features, that is, 1) the changes in the east are stronger than those in the west, and the cities are developing in a continuous manner; 2) the spatial structure presents different characteristics in various aspects, and the spatial scale presents the characteristics of "segmented expansion of town scale and yearly changes in the scale of mountain, sea, and field"; 3) the transformation of spatial landforms is characterized by different trends in each decade.

An examination of the role of the government and its organizational mechanism in the process of collaboration between the public and private sectors will help to understand the logic and operation of R&D cooperation between government organizations and the private sector in China and create greater public value. The Government-supported R&D Alliance is a public value creation organization centered on public-private partnership, that is, the formation of collaborative forces within the public sector and between private sectors to accomplish tasks centered on R&D. In order to explore the government role in R&D cooperation and actively deal with the relationship between government and market, this paper takes the Manufacturing Innovation Institutes network - R&D alliance ensemble as the research object and apply the government-market relationship theory and public value creation theory. This paper analyzes the public value creation mechanism of the American manufacturing innovation network from the perspectives of public value mission positioning, legitimacy and political support, and action capacity shaping. The American Manufacturing Innovation Network is committed to promoting the rationality of the value mission of science and technology decision-making, the legitimacy of organizational politics and the overall shaping of action ability. It provides a different perspective for the overall system of manufacturing innovation ecosystem. This method will create a leading, exemplary and extensive public value for the country.

Jiang Zehan was a famous mathematician and mathematical educator in China, and the pioneer of Chinese topology school. In terms of academic research, he was deeply engaged in the field of topology, led the team to achieve internationally remarkable results, and made every effort to promote the development of domestic mathematics research; in terms of mathematics education, he attached great importance to the reform of basic mathematics education, emphasized the function of mathematics competitions in talent selection and the educational value of the history of mathematics, which had a positive and profound impact on basic education; in terms of administration, he actively rectified the academic style, deepened the reform of department affairs, and vigorously promoted the prosperity of the Peking University mathematics department. He promoted the flourishing of the Department of Mathematics at Peking University. Although he passed away 30 years ago, his educational thoughts and lofty spirit still inspire the younger generations to move forward bravely. The purpose of reviewing his academic life and contribution to mathematics education is to recall the past and inspire the future.