In the 21st century, the application of hydrogen energy and development of hydrogen energy industry have received extensive attention from the society. From the history of the Earth formation and geophysical data, the Earth's interior is a hydrogen energy reservoir. Data from Continental Science drilling suggest that large earthquakes may generate seismic waves that surround the globe and move fracture zones in the Earth's crust and mantle to release gas from the Earth's interior. After earthquakes, the Earth can release gases such as hydrogen, helium and methane, which will rush up through the mantle fracture zones to the upper crust. If there are rock layers with low permeability in the upper crust covering the upwelling gas, they may become a hydrogen energy reservoir in the deep crystalline rock. In China, there may be such deep hydrogen energy storage in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which deserves further study.

This study explores the concept related to hydrogen and its manifestation in hydrogen Chinese medicine (HCM) from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research status in hydrogen medicine from both modern medical and TCM perspectives. Furthermore, it outlines the future directions to integrate hydrogen into HCM. In modern medicine, extensive research on hydrogen has targeted at the conditions including respiratory, endocrine metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and eye-related illnesses. Research findings have indicated the hydrogen's beneficial role in prevention and treatment, yet challenges still remain, such as limited clinical trials and undefined molecular mechanisms. HCM is an emerging field of research, which currently only focuses on hydrogen's synergistic effects with traditional Chinese medicines and the development of related equipment. Future research in HCM should delve into how hydrogen aligns with the principles of TCM treatment, establish a theoretical framework for HCM, and develop HCM therapeutic methods. It should also employ modern scientific research methods to evaluate the feasibility and mechanisms of hydrogen under the guidance of TCM theories. Additionally, conducting clinical trials to provide clinical data for HCM applications will provide valuable insights for the diversified development of hydrogen medicine.

Hydrogen has shown broad prospects in agricultural production due to its conducive biological effects, such as antioxidation, regulation of growth factors and enzyme activities, as well as its high safety in practical applications and environmental protection. In this paper we review the research progress of hydrogen utilization in agriculture and summarize hydrogen application methods. We also pinpoint the physiological and biochemical impact of hydrogen on promoting plant rooting and sprouting, regulating yield/quality of agricultural products, improving plant stress resistance, extending the shelf life of agricultural product, and enhancing the survival rate of animal breeding and the quality of resultant products. In addition, we also prospect the development of hydrogen in agriculture. In the future, hydrogen agriculture will focus on the research and development of key technologies, expansion of its application scopes, environmental protection and sustainable development, and market promotion. Hydrogen agriculture is expected to significantly contribute to the sustainable development of China's agriculture.

Hydrogen metallurgy in the steel industry will be the main scenario for large-scale hydrogen application in the future. Blast furnaces can use hydrogen as a reducing agent to replace the traditional carbon-based reduction process, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In the process of hydrogen metallurgy, establishment of an efficient and reliable hydrogen storage industry chain is the key to success. A brief review on hydrogen metallurgy and worldwide development of hydrogen storage and transportation tech especially via solid-metal hydride is given in this paper. Combined with the demand on hydrogen storage and transportation for hydrogen metallurgy, a scheme for massive H2 usage in iron&steel plant via conceptional "gas-solid-gas phases" separate charge&discharge system by solid-metal hydride is proposed to reach a theoretically economic, safe, longdistance and scale-up industrial application. In the future, production and storage&transportation for massive H2-contained solid material for raw-material handling process in iron&steel or chemical plants will be realized by attainable engineering, which will propel revolutionary change in the upstream alloy industry and green H2-via-renewable industry.

Slush hydrogen, characterized by its commendable energy density and superior rheological properties at low temperatures, is considered a pivotal fuel for future rocket propulsion and a coolant in neutron sources. However, the complex mechanisms of solid-liquid two-phase flow and the limitations inherent in current preparation technologies curtail its broader application within the field. This review delineates the development trajectory of slush hydrogen research and sums up pivotal discussions on its thermophysical properties, methodologies for preparation and measurement, alongside flow and heat transfer dynamics. Comparative analyses of various preparation methodologies elucidate their underlying principles, merits, and demerits. Furthermore, the paper encapsulates the challenges of pipeline pressure drops and heat transfer mechanisms during transit, with a concentrated examination of issues such as sedimentation stratification and thermal leakage oscillations encountered in the transportation of slush hydrogen. Finally, prospective trends in slush hydrogen technology are addressed with an aim to augment its integration into aerospace applications.

Hydrogen has potential biological effects of promoting seed germination and plant growth. Nevertheless, since hydrogen is highly volatile, it is extremely challengng to coat seeds with hydrogen. Solid-state magnesium-based hydrogen storage material magnesium hydride (MgH₂) could offer reliable hydrogen for seed because of its high hydrogen storage density, rich hydrogen supply by hydrolysis, long-term sustained release, and easy use. This study used a seed coating technology to coat soybeans by MgH₂ and set up the MgO-coated soybean group as a positive control and the un-coated soybean group as a negative control. The effects of different treatments on soybean germination potential, germination rate, germination index and the influence of phenotypic traits, such as aboveground/underground fresh weight, stem length/thickness, total root length, number of lateral roots and leaf area of seedlings, were comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the promotion effects of different coating treatments on soybean germination and seedling growth were in the order: non-coating group 2 coating group. Comprehensive analysis was conducted using SPSS, and results suggested that the MgH₂-L₃ coated soybean group exhibited the highest comprehensive score and was thus the best coating recipe. Such optimal germination and growth performance of soybeans by MgH₂-coatings may be attributed to the synergistic biological effects of both magnesium and hydrogen released by hydrolysis of MgH₂.

The research and development progress of enhanced geothermal system(EGS) simulation experimental devices at home and abroad is reviewed in this paper. The functional characteristics of four types of simulation devices, including hightemperature and high-pressure reaction vessels, rock core clamping seepage simulation systems, rock triaxial electro-hydraulic servo control systems, and large-scale true triaxial experimental systems are sum-marized. Then, the applicability of different experimental simulation devices and their supporting roles in key technologies research for EGS construction are compared and analyzed. Based on the problems existing both domestically and internationally in the development and utilization of dry hot rock resources, the research and development direction of EGS simulation experimental equipment are elaborated. A design idea of building a large-scale modular dry hot rock development simulation experimental platform is proposed on the basis of ex-isting equipment platform. The system composition and modular functional characteristics of the new platform device are explained for the study of formation mechanism of thermal storage areas and the coupling mechanism under complex geological conditions, which provides important data support for the engineering practice of dry hot rock development and utilization.

Taking the forest park located on the outskirts of Fuzhou, a typical high-density city on the southeast coast, as an example, this study used ENVI-MET software to simulate and analyze the impact of different vegetation spatial configuration types on the cooling effect, aiming to propose useful strategies to improve the cooling effect of forest park vegetation. The correlation between different vegetation spatial configurations and cooling effects was systematically clarified, 18 idealized scenarios were designed, and the microclimate model ENVI-MET was used for simulation analysis. These 18 scenes represent 3 vegetation spatial configuration types with different degrees of fragmentation (blocky green space, sparse point green space, dense point green space) and 6 vegetation types (bare land, grassland, shrub, small tree + grassland, large trees + grass, large trees + shrubs). The results show that large trees are an important factor affecting the cooling effect while grass and shrubs do not cause cooling of the surrounding air due to the reason of thermal radiation accumulation. In addition, the higher the degree of fragmentation of the spatial configuration type of tree vegetation, the lower the cooling effect will be, while the effect of spatial configuration types of grassland and shrub vegetation is not significant. It is further concluded that in the process of vegetation construction and management of forest parks, attention should be paid to the cooling effect of trees, at the same time, the fragmented design of space for tree clusters should be avoided, allowing the clusters of trees to be highly concentrated.

Improving comprehensive energy efficiency in provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt has far-reaching economic and geopolitical significance so as to enhance openness posture, promote industrial upgrading, and improve location and transportation advantages. Using the data of the provinces and cities along the Silk Road Economic Belt from 2006 to 2019, their comprehensive energy efficiencies and influencing factors were measured and analyzed by adopting the super-efficiency SBM model and geodetector model. The conclusions of the study are as follows. The comprehensive energy efficiency of the Silk Road Economic Belt could be generally characterized by a "V" shape, with the efficiency being an overall upward trend From the results of Malmquist index, technical progress contributed most to the comprehensive energy efficiency, and the technical efficiency of the provinces along the route should be strengthened. The influence of single-influence factor was significant, and the roles of energy structure and industrial structure showed an upward trend while the roles of government intervention, urbanization, Internet penetration, transportation accessibility, and environmental regulation a downward trend. The double-factor interaction was greater than the single-factor, and the energy structure combined with other factors and transportation accessibility combined with other factors were the most important double-influencing factors of the comprehensive energy efficiency of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Finally, suggestions are presented to improve the comprehensive energy efficiency of the provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt.

In China applied research National S&T Funds are designed to solve key techniques for industries so as to achieve technical inventions. This paper designs a representational framework to characterize the patent output, which can be used to identify relevant technical fields through cluster analysis and construct a benchmarkingometric model to compare performances. The performance evaluation of S&T Funds focuses on the three dimensions: output, effect and influence. A relevant indicator system is also designed, including patent outputs, effective inventions, output mode, implementation license, cited times, science linkage, patent family, top 10% highly cited patents, technology influence index, representative patents, etc. Taking "water special project" as an example, the paper compares output, effect and influence from the three dimensions at domestic and international levels. It is found that the technical influence of "water special project" has been significantly improved. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period and 13th Five-Year Plan period, it far exceeded the international and domestic technical influence indexes. At the same time, it comprehensively covered 7 related technical fields, among which the technical field of water purification instruments and equipment was a characteristic field formed by related technical patent achievements under the special water project.