The frequency and types of new pollutants detected in rivers and lakes are increasing, including persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, microplastics and other new pollutants. Management of new pollutants has become one of the priorities of ecological environmental protection. Compared with traditional pollutants, new pollutants pose potential risks to the safety of river and lake ecosystems and the health of drinking water. China's new pollutant management started late in general, facing fewer technological monitoring means, the bottom of pollutants being unclear, lacking of better related prevention and control regulations etc. In this paper, the development of policies and action plans for new pollutants are sorted out, the characteristics and ecological risks of new pollutants in rivers and lakes are analyzed, the research progress on new pollutant prevention and control technologies in rivers and lakes is summarized, and new pollutant prevention and control strategies for rivers and lakes and methods for evaluating the effects of health risks are proposed, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control strategies of new pollutants in rivers and lakes.

Sludge is an important "sink" of emerging pollutants and the ecological risk caused by emerging pollutants is the key to the resource utilization and safe disposal of sludge. This paper deals with the occurrence characteristics of emerging pollutants in urban sludge in China, summarizes the removal characteristics of emerging pollutants by sludge treatment and disposal, puts forward the shortcomings in the current situation to treat emerging pollutants in sludge, further condenses the key scientific problems still existing in the treatment of emerging pollutants in sludge, and thus puts forward the prevention and control strategies. From the perspective of the existence level of various emerging pollutants in sludge, the detection rate of antibiotics is high, with a concentration of up to μg/g dw; concentrations of perfluorocarbons and endocrine disrupting agents are in the level of ng/g dw; the existence level of microplastics is generally high, with an abundance range of 1600.00~5640.00 /kg dw. Sludge anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting treatment technologies can effectively control and reduce the existence of emerging pollutants in sludge. The removal effects of different emerging pollutants are affected by the physical and chemical properties, bioavailability and other conditions of the pollutants themselves. Further research can be conducted on the removal paths and degradation mechanisms of a variety of emerging pollutants coexisting systems. The strategy of optimizing composting conditions and introducing specific microbial strains can be combined to improve the degradation efficiency of emerging pollutants, so as to obtain safer compost products. Land use is the final destination of sludge compost products. It is urgent to carry out ecological risk assessment of various emerging pollutants in the process of sludge land use and establish corresponding limit control standards, so as to provide a scientific basis for the safe use of sludge land.

Antibiotics have emerged as a significant contaminant, and gained increasing attention both domestically and internationally. In this study, the environmental risk management needs and the current handling situation of antibiotic fermentation residues are proposed to find out the key points and approaches to the management of antibiotic residue environmental pollution control that align with China's national conditions. To address long-term environmental risk management of antibiotic fermentation residues and effectively control the pollutants produced in the residues, three key strategies have been proposed. First, to conduct production information surveys and hazard screenings to continuously assess and clarify the risk situation including evaluating the risk of antibiotic resistance. Then, to support scientific research and the application of technology, enhance collaboration between antibiotic production enterprises and research institutions through an integrated approach of "industry-academia-research-application", develop specialized scientific projects, accelerate the development of monitoring and early warning methods, and promote the innovation and industrial application of technologies for harmless treatment and resource utilization. Last, to improve the risk evaluation methods for safe use of antibiotic fermentation residues, explore the mechanisms of resistance risk transmission through laboratory and field trials, and establish environmental safety evaluation methods for resource-based products, as well as management and long-term safety monitoring systems for the flow of resource-based products, to comprehensively promote the green transformation of the antibiotic industry and effective control of pollution at its source.

Urban wastewater treatment plants are important sinks and sources of emerging contaminants, which are a crucial barrier to interrupt its discharge into the aquatic environment. To provide ideas for the prevention and control of emerging contaminants in urban wastewater treatment plants and help achieve the construction of a healthy China, this paper focuses on the categories of emerging contaminants in urban wastewater. We argue that the concentrations of emerging contaminants in wastewater from different districts show significant geographical characteristics, which are closely related to regional environmental conditions, population density, wastewater sources, socio-economic conditions and industrial layout. We analyze the migration and transformation patterns of emerging contaminants in various units of urban wastewater treatment plants. The results indicate that removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater treatment plants is influenced by critical factors including wastewater treatment processes and emerging contaminants categories. We also illustrate that removal of emerging contaminants from urban wastewater treatment plants is currently challenged by the lack of regulations and standards, outdated monitoring technologies, hard-to-construct risk assessment systems, and ineffective removal technologies. We propose appropriate prevention and control strategies to address these challenges.

The YQ-BaP microbial community with Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon source was enriched from the sludge straw combined anaerobic sludge system. The effects of different environmental factors on the biodegradability of bacteria were studied by single factor experiment. The intermediate metabolites degraded by benzo[a]pyrene were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of macrogene sequencing showed that the dominant genera of this bacterium were Pseudomonas and Methyloversatilis. After 14 days of culture, the degradation rate of 30 mg/L BaP was stable at 38.69%±6.24%, and the degradation effect of phenanthrene and pyrene was better. YQ-BaP showed strong degradation ability at pH=7 and 35~40℃. When the concentration of BaP was 20 mg/L, the degradation rate of BaP reached 46.89%. GC-MS analysis showed that phenanthrene, anthracene, naphthalene and other hydroxylation and methylation metabolites were produced during BaP degradation. The bacterial community has a strong ability to degrade BaP, which provides a theoretical basis for the remediation technology of PAHs pollution.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease caused by mechanical injury, inflammation and metabolic disorders. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is a clinical physical therapy that can effectively relieve joint pain and delay the process of joint inflammation. In this study, we collect and sort out the related studies of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of osteoarthritis from clinical trials and animal models, and then summarize the potential mechanism of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of damaged cartilage and remodeling subchondral bone. This study provides a basis for further improving the effect of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease of joint, which is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and inflammation of articular capsule. Inflammatory reaction of articular cartilage is usually related to oxidative stress and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in OA microenvironment. This article describes the role of inflammatory reaction in osteoarthritis and discusses the related progress in the treatment of osteoarthritis with cyclooxygenase, interleukin-1, inhibitor, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, and antioxidant stress drugs.

Citrus Huanglongbing is the most destructive bacterial infectious disease in the citrus industry, posing a significant threat to the healthy and long-term development of the citrus industry. This article elaborates on the research progress of the pathogens and pathogenic mechanisms of citrus Huanglongbing, analyzes rapid detection methods of citrus Huanglongbing which are mainly based on nanopore sequencing and image datasets, and summarizes the current main methods for preventing and controlling citrus Huanglongbing, including traditional prevention and control methods, disease resistant breeding, drug formulation prevention and control, and biological prevention and control. Based on the current basic status of resistance, prevention, and detection technologies for citrus Huanglongbing, it is proposed to conduct in-depth research in establishment of in vitro cultivation technology for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas), development of rapid field detection technology, innovative technologies for large-scale production of new resistant (tolerant) varieties, pathogenic mechanisms of citrus Huanglongbing, and green prevention and control.

Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by Brucella infection, which poses a significant risk to both human and animal health. Despite efforts to control its spread, the incidence of brucellosis in China continues to rise. Unfortunately, due to the non-specific symptoms of brucellosis, misdiagnosis，and mistreatment often result in chronic and recurring illness, leading to a significant burden on the society. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on potential diagnosis markers of brucellosis from perspectives of proteins, genes, and cells, as well as potential treatment targets of brucellosis from perspectives of vaccine development and new type protein targets, providing a comprehensive summary of new knowledge and perspectives for the development of precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for brucellosis.

The effects of the flight height of the head, disk speed, pressure difference of the head/disk interface, and lubricant thickness on Zdol lubricant transfer were studied by using the coarse-grained molecular dynamics model. The results showed that with the increase of head flight height, lubricant transfer increased first and then increased rapidly. Lubricant transfer increased with an increase in disk speed. And compared with low flight height, the impact of disk speed on lubricant transfer at high flight height was more severe. Furthermore, lubricant transfer also increased with the increase of the pressure difference at the head/disk interface. And compared with the low flight height, the pressure difference had the most obvious effect on lubricant transfer at the high flight height. What’s more, lubricant transfer increased with the increase of lubricant thickness as well.

As a famous physicist, playwright and social activist, Ding Xilin attached great importance to the work of science communication. In his spare time, he actively participated in the cause of popular science, promotes and promotes the work of science communication, and propagates the ideas of truth, good and beauty in the field of science and society. Based on the analysis of Ding Xilin's popular science articles, teaching materials, plays and other works, this paper gives a comprehensive introduction to Ding Xilin's popular science articles, physics textbooks, plays and other forms of popular science works, expounds the literary writing style and easy to understand characteristics of Ding Xilin's popular science works, and points out that this is the reason for his success. Based on Ding Xilin's early speeches, it was deeply revealed that the motivation and ideological basis of his emphasis on science communication is to improve national quality and realize national rejuvenation.