The technology transactions involve complex and important system engineering. This paper expounds the characteristics of the technology transaction service from the aspects of the elements, the participants, the complexity and the transaction cycle of the technology transactions; analyzes the functions of the technology transactions system, including the effective docking of information, the flow and the combination of innovation elements, the integration of science and technology and economy, and the incentive for researchers, as well as the core elements of the technology transaction service system, including enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, the service organizations, and the government sectors. This paper proposes to optimize the technology transaction service system from five aspects:attaching importance to entrepreneurs, encouraging scientists to play important roles, strengthening the trading platforms, improving the professional network and strengthening trainings.

The construction and the development of the national technology market is an important part of the innovation-driven development strategy in China. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of the technology transactions in China, the influencing factors of the imperfect market regulatory system, the information service platform and the national innovation system. The concept for the development of the national technology market is explained, as well as its operation mechanism of the behavior constraint, the intermediary organization mechanism, the information sharing mechanism and the market supervision mechanism. Policy suggestions are made in the intellectual property protection, the government actions, the policy system construction, the construction of supporting facilities, the patent technology industrialization, the innovation mode and the incentive for innovation players.

Through a comparative analysis of the development history of the domestic and foreign technology markets, and the scale of the technology market, and the trading entities, we can make the following observations:1. After nearly 400 years of development, the technology market in European and American countries is relatively mature, as compared with China, and the technology market in China is still in its infancy. 2. Although the transaction scale of China's technology market sees an explosive growth in the past 20 years, its share in the global market is in a slight fluctuation. 3. The main parts of the international technology market are the professional technology companies and the mature enterprises, and China's technology supply comes from individual operating enterprises, with not very high added value of technology. The differences are mainly due to the following facts:1. The development of China's technology market has a relatively short history; 2. The supply of domestic technological elements is insufficient barely in a state of "self-sufficiency"; 3. Market-based incentives are weak and still in the stage of macro-control. This analysis gives the following enlightenments for China:1. Continue to improve the level of science and technology; 2. Refine the types of technology market transactions; 3. Improve the market-based incentive mechanism.

Based on the documents of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and the two newly issued documents-Perfecting the Market Mechanism of Element Allocation and Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era, this paper analyzes China's overseas technology trading situation with respect to the technology trading market's main stakeholders, the contract's type, and the contract's regional distributions, and proposes to build an open technology trading market by constructing global technology trading hubs, cross-border technology trading demonstration areas, combining the building of the technology market with the development of the Belt and Road Initiative, improving the international technology service ability and strengthening the building of the institutional, supervision and evaluation system. These measures aim to support China's construction of the technological world power and the participation of the global technology governance.

Information searches are conducted on some typical technology transaction platforms, including the Yet2, the Enterprise Europe Network, the accelerating technology transfer companies in France, the Korean National Tech-Bank, and the Finland FINNODE network. Based on the analyses of the results obtained based on these platforms, the characteristics and the development trends of these technology transaction platforms are discussed:the enterprises are taken as the key actors of the technology trading; they become more internationalized and increase in scope; and they serve the whole process of industrial innovation and entrepreneurship. Some suggestions are given for the new generation technology trading platform in China.

The technology transfer is the process of transferring ideas and knowledge products from the research institutions to the market, as well as the process of sharing, transmitting or transferring technology, data and information among government agencies, industry and academic institutions. The United States has established a fairly complete transfer technology system, including the governance structure of the federal government and the local technology transfer, the technology transfer strategies and the action plans of the various federal departments, and the establishment of organizational systems such as the proof of concept center and the technology transfer center. The analysis of the development process, the constitution system, and the typical system of the technology transfer policy of the United States, can provide a reference for the construction and the improvement of China's technology transfer policy system, and provide suggestions for the development of China's specific technology transfer work.

The transfer and transformation level of scientific and technological achievements is an important index to evaluate the innovation ability of new-type R&D Institutes. Through case studies compared with the world-class R & D institutions, such as RIKEN, it is seen that the technology transfer system with new-type R&D institutions in China is still insufficient in fields of system construction, organization framework, staffing and job description. Meanwhile there is a gap between the technology transfer activities and the intellectual property management. To improve the awareness of the intellectual property management, the rules and the regulations of the intellectual property management, and the working mechanism of the intellectual property management should be the focus of the construction of the technology transfer system with new-type R&D Institutes in China.

With the continuous advancement of the integration process, the integration of the technology markets in the Yangtze River Delta sees also a rapid development, with increasingly active cross-regional technology transactions, the gradually improved service capabilities of the technology market institutions, and the gradually strengthened service functions of the technology transfer centers, the technology market services have achieved remarkable results, and the technology trading network assumes a multi-center distribution pattern and other characteristics. But there are still problems, such as the low marketization, the poor communication of information, the imperfect laws and regulations, and the weak comprehensive strength of service companies. This paper proposes to improve the science and technology policy and the innovation environment, to continuously activate the innovation vitality of markets; to strengthen the development of the technology service industry, to continuously improve the professional service capabilities; to strengthen the cultivation of multi-subjects of the technological innovation, and to continuously increase the effective supply of the technological innovation achievements, along with other countermeasures and suggestions.

Although a system of laws and regulations in the area of technology market was promulgated in China, but compared with the United States and European Union, China's technology market system is still facing many challenges. By comparing policies, laws and regulations among China, the US and the EU, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences of the technology market system among these three entities, in order to find the gap in the institutional construction of China's technology market system. Some suggestions are made with respect to the top-level design of the regulations and the applicability, the construction of supervision and the regulation system, for building the dominant position of enterprises, and releasing the research vitality of universities.

This paper studies the problems of transforming scientific achievements of Chinese universities and public research institutes into productive force, makes suggestions for decision makers to construct an innovation-driven country, focusing on the situations of the relative low efficiency of the transformation based on the data of the technology transactions of domestic and foreign universities. The policies on the technology transfer in China and foreign countries are reviewed, as well as the development of China's institutions of transforming scientific achievements into productive force and the latest progress of the regional reform of the property right policy in China. Finally, some suggestions are made to promote the reform of commercializing scientific discoveries of Chinese universities and public research institutes.

With the new generation of information technology becoming the General Purpose Technology(GPT), the Digital Economy has become the mainstream of Economy. The cross-border integration characteristics of scientific and technological innovations have become increasingly prominent, as is manifested in the integration of the technological innovation and the model innovation. Starting from clarifying the meaning and the characteristics of the integrated innovation, referring to the mode classification of IBM and Harvard Business School, this paper divides the integrated innovation into four modes:the ProfitMaking Innovation mode, the Organizational Innovation mode, the Business Innovation innovation mode and the Market Feedback innovation mode. The influences of different integrated innovation modes on the transformation mode and the path of technology transaction and other achievements are investigated. In the era of the digital economy, in order to follow up the increasing trend of the cross-border innovation and the transformation of technological achievements, this paper highlights the focus of promoting the integrated innovation, such as strengthening the collaborative innovation, grasping the market demand, and improving the innovation environment.

As the main channel to support the development of China's basic research for harvesting the best results, the management of the intellectual property rights in the science funding is an important issue. Learning from the advanced experience of the western science foundation concerning the intellectual property management can help China's science fund management departments in this respect. This paper analyzes the characteristics and the typical experience of the NSF "principle-oriented" intellectual property management model and the UK EPSRC "rule-oriented" intellectual property management model. In view of the shortcomings of China's Science Foundation in the management of intellectual property rights, it is proposed that a "policy + rules" combined intellectual property management model supplemented by laws should be constructed.

Based on the theory of the innovation ecosystem and the case study of the ASML company, this paper explores the relationship between the development of the knowledge-intensive industry and the construction of the innovation ecosystem, and analyzes the construction path and the characteristics of the innovation ecosystem. The successful experience of the ASML innovation ecosystem construction involves the network collaboration based on the knowledge management, the innovation collaboration based on the "roadmap" and the leading role based on the core enterprise. ASML, as the core enterprise of the lithography equipment industry, guides the construction of the innovation ecosystem, including the suppliers, the universities and the research institutions according to the roadmap, leading the development trend of the industry and forming an innovation network system based on the collaboration. The construction framework of this innovation ecosystem plays a practical guiding role and has a reference significance for the ecological construction of the regional industrial innovation in China and for enhancing the innovation ability of enterprises.

The positron emission tomography (PET), as a cutting-edge disease detection technology, plays an important role in the medical detection fields such as for the nervous system diseases, the cancer and the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with a great economic value. This paper concerns three core components of the PET, as is different from the mainstream direction of the PET technology analysis. With the patent analysis as the starting point, comparing the status quo of the PET patent applications at home and abroad, it is found that the patent core applicants in China have uncoordinated structures, with differences in the research levels between the east and the west, and relatively insufficient research levels. A structural reform of the PET industry is proposed, with several reform measures for the government, the society, the enterprises, the universities and the research institutes.