Full
Outline
To address transmission exposure and link jamming in covert communications when an active warden is capable of both signal detection and intentional jamming, a covert communication strategy against warden jamming based on a bilevel game is proposed. The transmitter randomly selects a subset of the available channels to transmit uplink signals, while the receiver employs maximal-ratio combining for signal reception. The warden distinguishes idle channels, artificial-noise channels, and uplink-signal channels through ternary hypothesis testing and subsequently performs targeted jamming according to the detection results. To increase the warden's detection uncertainty, a cooperative jammer randomly selects a subset of the available channels not occupied by the uplink transmission to transmit artificial noise. On this basis, the transmitter, warden, and cooperative jammer respectively aim to minimize the detection probability of the uplink signal, maximize the detection probability, and maximize the detection-error probability. A tripartite bilevel game model is formulated subject to constraints on the communication signal-to-noise ratio, false-alarm probability, and transmit power. The number of transmission channels, the warden's detection thresholds, and the number of artificial-noise channels are jointly optimized. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively increases the warden's detection uncertainty, reduces the probability that the uplink transmission is successfully detected and effectively jammed, and improves the transmission performance of the legitimate communication link. The proposed approach provides a theoretical reference for highly secure wireless communications and anti-jamming covert transmission under active detection and jamming threats.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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