To enhance the charge separation and transport efficiency of perylene diimide (PDI)-based organic polymer photocatalysts, three PDI-dominated polymeric photocatalysts (PDI-1, 5NDA, PDI-1, 4NDA and PDI-PDA) were synthesized via a facile polymerization method using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 1,4-diaminonaphthalene and p-phenylenediamine as linkers, respectively. The three PDI materials were characterized by FTIR, ¹³CNMR, XRD, XPS, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectrometer, evaluated for their photonic quantum efficiency, charge transfer resistance, and separation/transport efficiency of photogenerated carriers through photoelectrochemical experiments, and analyzed for their photocatalytic performance for H₂O₂ production in isopropanol aqueous solution under visible light. The results revealed that PDI-1, 5NDA and PDI-1, 4NDA crystallized in monoclinic systems but exhibited distinct unit cell parameters, while PDI-PDA adopted a triclinic crystal structure. All three materials demonstrated two-dimensional layered architectures and full-spectrum absorption within the visible light region, with PDI-1, 5NDA and PDI-1, 4NDA showing prominent absorption between 600~800 nm. PDI-PDA, PDI-1, 4NDA, and PDI-1, 5NDA were all typical n-type semiconductors, exhibiting photocurrent intensities of 3.0×10⁻⁷, 6.0×10⁻⁷ and 1.2×10⁻⁶ A, respectively, and corresponding photoelectrochemical impedances of 1.21×10⁶, 6.22×10⁵ and 4.23×10⁵ Ω, respectively, with PDI-1, 5NDA displaying the highest photogenerated charge carrier transport and separation efficiency. Under visible light irradiation, PDI-1, 5NDA achieved an exceptional H₂O₂ production rate of 113.485 μmol/(g·h), which was 1.3-fold and 2.2-fold those of PDI-1, 4NDA and PDI-PDA, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergistic advantages of PDI-1, 5NDA's asymmetric structural features and extended π-conjugated system, which promoted the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers, thereby boosting H₂O₂ generation efficiency.

To fabricate an ion piezoelectric self-powered flexible strain sensor with good mechanical properties, and stable output through a simple preparation process, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/p(acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDMC)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) (PVA/PDMC/CNC) ionic hydrogel was synthesized from PVA, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and CNC via segmented polymerization, cyclic freeze-thawing, as well as ion soaking, and characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The influence of CNC content (based on PVA mass, the same below) on the mechanical properties and output voltage of the hydrogels was evaluated, while series of output tests were conducted on the fabricated ion-piezoelectric flexible sensor to explore its ion-piezoelectric mechanism. The results showed that when the content of CNC being 2% and m(PVA)∶m(DMC)=1∶2, the prepared PVA/PDMC/CNC ionic hydrogel (2%-PVA/PDMC/CNC) exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 1.46 MPa, and an elongation at break of 475%. The piezoionic flexible sensor fabricated from 2%-PVA/PDMC/CNC could achieve an output voltage of 40 mV under pressure of 20 N and frequency of 0.5 Hz, and maintained stable output performance during 800 times of cyclic tests. Meanwhile, it could accurately detect and identify human motions such as gestures and joint bending, and precisely detect the motion frequency and intensity through analysis on the waveforms and peak height of the output voltage.

Polyquaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants Tz-6C_nQC (n=12, 14, 16) containing a rigid triazine spacer group were prepared via a two-step method using N,N-dimethylalkylamine with different alkyl chain lengths (C₁₂, C₁₄, C₁₆), melamine and epichlorohydrin as raw materials. The Tz-6C_nQC were characterized by FTIR and ¹HNMR for chemical structure, and analyzed through tests on surface tension, conductivity, Krafft point, and rheological properties for its surface activity, with its viscosity reduction, emulsification, and foaming performance evaluated. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Tz-6C₁₂QC was 0.17 mmol/L, significantly lower than that of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (14.0 mmol/L) with the same hydrophobic alkyl chain length, and CMC showed a regular decreasing trend with the increase of alkyl chains. The foaming performance of Tz-6C_nQC increased with the growth of alkyl chains, and the foaming volume was better than that of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, with the foaming volume reaching up to 150 mL. Tz-6C_nQC had good viscosity reduction effect on polyacrylamide (PHIII, relative molecular mass 8×10⁶~1×10⁷) solution, and the viscosity reduction efficiency was positively correlated with the length of alkyl chain, among which, Tz-6C₁₆QC exhibited the best performance under high temperature (45 ℃) and high concentration (1.00 mmol/L) conditions, and the viscosity of Tz-6C₁₆QC/PHIII water-soluble solution reduced to 2.42 Pa·s. The emulsification performance showed concentration dependence. At low concentration (≤1.00 mmol/L), the emulsification performance increased significantly with the increase of alkyl chain, and at high concentration (3.00~30.00 mmol/L), it decreased with the increase of alkyl chain, in which the separation time of Tz-6C₁₂QC solution at 30.00 mmol/L was 1527 min.

The shell nacre protein was extracted from the nacre layer in the Pinctada martensti shell by a combined technology of acidification-high pressure, with the extraction process optimized through single-factor and response surface experiments using the protein extraction rate as index. The protease hydrolysis products of the shell nacre protein were then prepared, and evaluated for its amino acid composition, anti-inflammatory activity as well as skin repair activity. The results showed that under the optimal extraction conditions of hydrochloric acid concentration 0.18 mol/L, alkali material-liquid ratio (g∶mL) 1∶4.9, mass fraction of NaOH solution 1.00%, extraction temperature 65 ℃, extraction time 3 h, acid precipitation pH 3.5 and resting time 32 h, the extraction rate of shell nacre protein was 17.31%±0.84%. The enzymatic hydrolysate of the shell nacre protein produced via bromelain hydrolysis for 3 h showed no cytotoxicity and was beneficial to the macrophage proliferation. The inhibitory rate of the hydrolysate with a concentration of 800 μg/mL on NO release reached up to 51.85%±1.39%. Meanwhile, the hydrolysate exhibited activities of inhibition against the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, and up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 release, thus demonstrating good anti-inflammatory performance. The enzymatic hydrolysate of the shell nacre contained 17 kinds of amino acids. Among them, the total relative content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids for the human body was 32.626%, the total relative content of 7 kinds of hydrophobic amino acids was 34.513%, while that of 3 kinds of positively charged amino acids was 16.173%. The shell nacre active peptides could significantly improve cell proliferation and cell migration of fibroblasts L929, and improve cell viability induced by H₂O₂, inhibit ROS production, and exhibit good skin repair activity.

Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides were extracted under ultra-high pressure, and characterized by FTIR, TGA and ion chromatography for structural composition, thermal stability and monosaccharide components. The influence of pH, solid-liquid ratio (mg∶mL), holding pressure and holding time on the yield of crude Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides were analyzed, with the extraction process optimized via single factor and response surface experiments. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was investigated through their inhibition against α-glucosidase andα-amylase activities. The results showed that under the optimized conditions of pH=8.0, solid-liquid ratio (mg∶mL) 1∶6, holding time 21 min, and holding pressure 360 MPa, the yield of crude Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was 29.31%±0.41%. The four main components of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides purified by cellulose column and glucan gel column were arabinose, glucose, xylose and mannose, with a mass ratio of 1.4∶82.9∶10.4∶5.4. Within the mass concentration range of 0.25~4.0 g/L, the polysaccharides exhibited an increased inhibition rate on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity increased along with the increment in mass concentration, showing an inhibition rate of 57.17% and 65.26%, respectively, at a mass concentration of 4.0 g/L.

Inspired by nitroreductase and the electron transfer process of its metabolite nitroaromatic or nitroheterocyclic compounds, dye 2,7-dichlorofluorescein, which was ring-opened through solvent-assisted ligand incorporation to form carboxylic acid ligand groups, was loaded into the channels of iron-porphyrin metal-organic framework PCN-222(Fe) for synthesis of DCF@PCN-222(Fe). The DCF@PCN-222(Fe) was characterized by ¹HNMR, XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-Vis, fluorescence spectrometer and XPS, and evaluated for its electrochemical properties via cyclic voltammetry (CV). With DCF@PCN-222(Fe) photo-catalyzing nitrobenzene reduction to aniline as a model reaction, the reaction conditions were optimized, the nitroaromatic hydrocarbon substrate was expanded and the cycling stability of the catalyst was evaluated. The results showed that DCF@PCN-222(Fe) still maintained the PCN-222(Fe) parent framework with a molar ratio of DCF to iron porphyrin ligand 1.6∶1, with its formula speculated as C₈₀H_46.4Cl_4.2FeN₄O_22.4Zr₃ and a relative molecular mass of 1878.47. DCF@PCN-222(Fe) exhibited UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission peaks at the same positions as DCF (532 and 556 nm, respectively), indicating electron transfer within the framework which can simulate the electron transfer process of nitroreductase. Under light irradiation, excited DCF transferred electrons to the iron-porphyrin center, from which the generated low-valent iron center transferred electrons to other electron acceptors, enabling the efficient reduction of nitrobenzene substrates. Under the optimal reaction conditions of room temperature, with 532 nm LED as light source, 2.5 μmol DCF@PCN-222(Fe) as photocatalyst, 1 mL methanol as solvent, catalytic reduction of 0.1 mmol nitrobenzene for 2 h, the aniline yield was 82% and reduced to 77% when the catalyst was used continuously for three times. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the reduction of nitrobenzene substrates with different para substituents catalyzed by DCF@PCN-222(Fe) showed yields from 64% to 91%.

To investigate the influence of distillation time on the extraction yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., essential oil from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. growing in Guangxi with the 0~10, 10~30, 30~60, and 60~360 min distillation were obtained through hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-MS for chemical composition, and evaluated via 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine free radical (DPPH•) and diammonium 2,2'-azino-bis(3-thylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cationic free radical (ABTS⁺•) scavenging assay for the antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the essential oil collected at 0~10, 10~30, 30~60 and 60~360 min distillation periods exhibited an extraction rate of 0.14%±0.01%, 0.18%±0.01%, 0.20%±0.02%, and 0.57%±0.03%, respectively, while displayed same main components belonging to sesquiterpenoids, including patchouli alcohol, patchoulone, α-bulnesene and seychellene. Among them, patchouli alcohol was of the highest relative content, with the relative content in the four distillation periods of 49.22%, 50.82%, 50.47%, and 39.07%, respectively. The median inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of essential oils for DPPH•were 21.75, 12.45, 12.03, and 3.54 g/L, while those for ABTS⁺• were 13.91, 8.62, 8.00, and 3.02 g/L, respectively. The essential oil from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth collected at 60~360 min exhibited the strongest DPPH• and ABTS⁺• scavenging capacities among the four distillation periods, while that collected at 0~10 min showed the weakest.

To enhance the transdermal delivery performance of recombinant human collagen Ⅲ (RHC), glycerosomes were constructed from soybean lecithin (for short lecithin), glycerol and Tween 80, and subsequently used for encapsulation of RHC to form RHC-loaded glycerosomes (RHC glycerosomes). A Folch-based high-performance liquid chromatography method (Folch-HPLC method) combining the Folch extraction protocol with size exclusion chromatography was established to measure the RHC encapsulation efficiency. The effects of glycerol and Tween 80 mass concentrations on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of RHC glycerosomes were investigated by multi-angle particle size and high sensitivity Zeta potential analyzer, while the influence of glycerol and Tween 80 mass concentration on the micro-viscosity and stabilization mechanism of RHC glycerosomes was explored via fluorescence probe analysis. The transdermal delivery capability of RHC glycerosomes was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), with its irritancy assessed by chorioallantoic membrane assay in chicken embryos. The results demonstrated that the Folch-HPLC method effectively removed interference from lecithin while retained the RHC, achieving an RHC recovery rate of 100.44%±0.84%. Under the conditions of lecithin mass concentration 150 g/L, RHC mass concentration 2 g/L, glycerol mass concentration 250 g/L, and Tween 80 mass concentration 25 g/L, the prepared RHC glycerosomes appeared as a yellow, clear, and transparent solution, showed the best stability, displayed a particle size of (92.34±1.22) nm, a PDI of 0.233±0.01 and an encapsulation efficiency of 12.78%±0.13%. Compared with RHC solution (phosphate buffer solution as solvent), RHC glycerosomes exhibited significantly enhanced skin penetration, effectively promoted the transdermal delivery of RHC, and showed no irritation in chorioallantoic membrane.

In order to improve the physicochemical properties of puerarin and enhance its water solubility, membrane permeability and bioavailability, puerarin nanoparticles were prepared by subcritical water-anti-solvent method, and characterized by SEM, DSC, and FTIR. The effect of different factors for preparation of puerarin nanoparticles on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of puerarin nanoparticles were evaluated via nanoparticle size and Zeta potential analyzer. The in vitro and in vivo properties of puerarin nanoparticles were analyzed through in vitro release and transdermal experiments. The results showed that under the optimal process conditions of liquid-material ratio (mL∶g) 220∶1, subcritical water temperature 125 ℃, extraction time 20 min, volume ratio of subcritical water to anti-solvent (ultrapure water containing stabilizer) 1∶1, and lactose with a mass fraction of 0.08% as stabilizer, the prepared puerarin nanoparticles exhibited an average particle size of 89.94 nm, a yield of 94.01%. The puerarin nanoparticles gel had a cumulative release rate of 90.0% within 12 h and up to 96.7% within 48 h with the release process conforming to the first-order release model, and a cumulative permeability of 1323.64 μg/cm² at 12 h. Its pharmacokinetic parameters were improved compared with those of puerarin, with the half-life prolonged and the peak mass fraction decreased.

A lotus seed protein peptide (LSP)/tea saponin (TS) coated diosmetin (Dios) nanoemulsion (Dios-NE) based on a natural emulsifier system formulated with LSP and TS was prepared by dispersing and encapsulating the lipophilic active ingredient Dios in rapeseed oil, and characterized by FTIR, SEM, nanoparticle size analyzer and polarizing microscopy. The effects of m(LSP)∶m(TS), volume ratio of dispersed phase to deionized water (oil-to-water ratio) and homogenization pressure on the particle size of Dios-NE were investigated through response surface experiment. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Dios-NE was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) cation radical scavenging assays, while the gradient sustained-release performance and bioaccessibility of Dios-NE were assessed through simulated digestion experiments. The results indicated that, under the optimal preparation conditions of mass ratio of m(LSP)∶m(TS)=3∶20, oil-to-water ratio 5∶95, homogenization pressure 172.375 MPa, Dios-NE showed a particle size of (138.8±0.2) nm, with Dios stably embedded within the emulsion core by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Dios-NE maintained stable particle size and Zeta potential across a wide range of conditions, including pH (2~11), NaCl concentration (0~50 mmol/L), and temperature (30~90 ℃). The controlled-release properties of Dios-NE and the synergistic antioxidant effects of LSP/TS significantly enhanced the scavenging abilities for DPPH radical and ABTS⁺ radical, reaching 99% at a mass concentration of 24 mg/L. Dios-NE could delay the degradation of Dios in gastric fluid (retention rate 87%) and achieve targeted release in intestinal fluid through micellization, with a bioaccessibility of 57%.