To fabricate an ion piezoelectric self-powered flexible strain sensor with good mechanical properties, and stable output through a simple preparation process, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/p(acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDMC)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) (PVA/PDMC/CNC) ionic hydrogel was synthesized from PVA, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and CNC via segmented polymerization, cyclic freeze-thawing, as well as ion soaking, and characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The influence of CNC content (based on PVA mass, the same below) on the mechanical properties and output voltage of the hydrogels was evaluated, while series of output tests were conducted on the fabricated ion-piezoelectric flexible sensor to explore its ion-piezoelectric mechanism. The results showed that when the content of CNC being 2% and m(PVA)∶m(DMC)=1∶2, the prepared PVA/PDMC/CNC ionic hydrogel (2%-PVA/PDMC/CNC) exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 1.46 MPa, and an elongation at break of 475%. The piezoionic flexible sensor fabricated from 2%-PVA/PDMC/CNC could achieve an output voltage of 40 mV under pressure of 20 N and frequency of 0.5 Hz, and maintained stable output performance during 800 times of cyclic tests. Meanwhile, it could accurately detect and identify human motions such as gestures and joint bending, and precisely detect the motion frequency and intensity through analysis on the waveforms and peak height of the output voltage.

Ni-based supported catalyst was prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide deposition method using NiCl₂ as precursor and carbon nanotubes (CNT) as carrier, and characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, EDS and BET for its crystal structure, microstructure and pore structure. The effects of reaction temperature (55~75 ℃) and pressure (9~18 MPa) on the Ni loading (the mass fraction of Ni measured by ICP, the same below) of S-Ni-CNT were evaluated. The S-Ni-CNT was further used as cathode of Li-CO₂ battery, followed by analysis on the electrochemical performance of the battery. The results showed that the S-Ni-CNT had a Ni loading of 3.61% under the optimal synthesis conditions of temperature 65 ℃ and pressure 18 MPa, showing excellent single-atom dispersion, with a specific surface area of 220.14 m²/g, which was only reduced by 13.6% compared with that of the CNT carrier (254.74 m²/g). The mesoporous structure of S-Ni-CNT accounted for 90%. At a current density of 100 mA/g, the discharge specific capacity of S-Ni-CNT battery could reach 16427 mA·h/g, at a current density of 300 mA/g, the discharge voltage platform was 2.67 V and the charge voltage platform was 3.85 V. At a density current of 500 mA/g, after the battery undergone 100 charge-discharge cycles, the voltage retention rate was 94%.

Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped activated carbon-supported iron catalyst (Fe/AC-NP) was synthesized from dicyandiamide, NaH₂PO₄ and FeCl₃•6H₂O via two-step impregnation-evaporation method, and subsequently employed for the catalytic degradation of piperazine in aqueous solution. The microstructure, chemical composition and textural properties of Fe/AC-NP were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and BET. The effects of raw materials ratio and heteroatom doping type on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen contents of the catalytic piperazine oxidation degradation by Fe/AC-NP were investigated, while the possible reaction mechanism was analyzed through radical quenching experiments, water contact angle measurements and XPS analyses. The results showed that the Fe/AC-NP prepared with n(C₂H₄N₄)∶n(NaH₂PO₄)=2∶1 displayed the best properties, with a high specific surface area of 699.647 m²/g, a crystal lattice spacing of 0.0169 nm, and a uniform distribution of iron species without the formation of large agglomerates. The Fe species were successfully loaded and coordinated with N and P atoms, predominantly existing in the forms of Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ). The optimal reaction conditions of Fe/AC-NP for piperazine degradation were temperature 230 ℃, pressure 1.2 MPa, catalyst dosage (mass concentration, the same below) 1.25 g/L, under which, COD was completely removed within 70 min, and the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency reached > 88.7% after 150 min. Even after five successive recycles, the COD and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies remained high at 96.3% and 84.2%, respectively. The synergistic contribution of graphitic and pyrrolic nitrogen functionalities enhanced oxygen adsorption. The catalytic degradation process was primarily driven by hydroxyl radical chain reactions and facilitated by electron transfer between the carbon support and metal sites. Furthermore, phosphorus doping modulated the surface acidity/basicity and stabilized Fe—N bonds, enabling the N-P co-doped carbon matrix to maintain catalytic activity via electronic regulation throughout the reaction cycles.

Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides were extracted under ultra-high pressure, and characterized by FTIR, TGA and ion chromatography for structural composition, thermal stability and monosaccharide components. The influence of pH, solid-liquid ratio (mg∶mL), holding pressure and holding time on the yield of crude Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides were analyzed, with the extraction process optimized via single factor and response surface experiments. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was investigated through their inhibition against α-glucosidase andα-amylase activities. The results showed that under the optimized conditions of pH=8.0, solid-liquid ratio (mg∶mL) 1∶6, holding time 21 min, and holding pressure 360 MPa, the yield of crude Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was 29.31%±0.41%. The four main components of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides purified by cellulose column and glucan gel column were arabinose, glucose, xylose and mannose, with a mass ratio of 1.4∶82.9∶10.4∶5.4. Within the mass concentration range of 0.25~4.0 g/L, the polysaccharides exhibited an increased inhibition rate on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity increased along with the increment in mass concentration, showing an inhibition rate of 57.17% and 65.26%, respectively, at a mass concentration of 4.0 g/L.

To enhance the transdermal delivery performance of recombinant human collagen Ⅲ (RHC), glycerosomes were constructed from soybean lecithin (for short lecithin), glycerol and Tween 80, and subsequently used for encapsulation of RHC to form RHC-loaded glycerosomes (RHC glycerosomes). A Folch-based high-performance liquid chromatography method (Folch-HPLC method) combining the Folch extraction protocol with size exclusion chromatography was established to measure the RHC encapsulation efficiency. The effects of glycerol and Tween 80 mass concentrations on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of RHC glycerosomes were investigated by multi-angle particle size and high sensitivity Zeta potential analyzer, while the influence of glycerol and Tween 80 mass concentration on the micro-viscosity and stabilization mechanism of RHC glycerosomes was explored via fluorescence probe analysis. The transdermal delivery capability of RHC glycerosomes was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), with its irritancy assessed by chorioallantoic membrane assay in chicken embryos. The results demonstrated that the Folch-HPLC method effectively removed interference from lecithin while retained the RHC, achieving an RHC recovery rate of 100.44%±0.84%. Under the conditions of lecithin mass concentration 150 g/L, RHC mass concentration 2 g/L, glycerol mass concentration 250 g/L, and Tween 80 mass concentration 25 g/L, the prepared RHC glycerosomes appeared as a yellow, clear, and transparent solution, showed the best stability, displayed a particle size of (92.34±1.22) nm, a PDI of 0.233±0.01 and an encapsulation efficiency of 12.78%±0.13%. Compared with RHC solution (phosphate buffer solution as solvent), RHC glycerosomes exhibited significantly enhanced skin penetration, effectively promoted the transdermal delivery of RHC, and showed no irritation in chorioallantoic membrane.

To enhance the charge separation and transport efficiency of perylene diimide (PDI)-based organic polymer photocatalysts, three PDI-dominated polymeric photocatalysts (PDI-1, 5NDA, PDI-1, 4NDA and PDI-PDA) were synthesized via a facile polymerization method using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 1,4-diaminonaphthalene and p-phenylenediamine as linkers, respectively. The three PDI materials were characterized by FTIR, ¹³CNMR, XRD, XPS, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectrometer, evaluated for their photonic quantum efficiency, charge transfer resistance, and separation/transport efficiency of photogenerated carriers through photoelectrochemical experiments, and analyzed for their photocatalytic performance for H₂O₂ production in isopropanol aqueous solution under visible light. The results revealed that PDI-1, 5NDA and PDI-1, 4NDA crystallized in monoclinic systems but exhibited distinct unit cell parameters, while PDI-PDA adopted a triclinic crystal structure. All three materials demonstrated two-dimensional layered architectures and full-spectrum absorption within the visible light region, with PDI-1, 5NDA and PDI-1, 4NDA showing prominent absorption between 600~800 nm. PDI-PDA, PDI-1, 4NDA, and PDI-1, 5NDA were all typical n-type semiconductors, exhibiting photocurrent intensities of 3.0×10⁻⁷, 6.0×10⁻⁷ and 1.2×10⁻⁶ A, respectively, and corresponding photoelectrochemical impedances of 1.21×10⁶, 6.22×10⁵ and 4.23×10⁵ Ω, respectively, with PDI-1, 5NDA displaying the highest photogenerated charge carrier transport and separation efficiency. Under visible light irradiation, PDI-1, 5NDA achieved an exceptional H₂O₂ production rate of 113.485 μmol/(g·h), which was 1.3-fold and 2.2-fold those of PDI-1, 4NDA and PDI-PDA, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergistic advantages of PDI-1, 5NDA's asymmetric structural features and extended π-conjugated system, which promoted the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers, thereby boosting H₂O₂ generation efficiency.

In order to explore the application of photodynamic antimicrobial technology in the field of personal health protection, PCL/D-M/BSA membranes were synthesized from bovine serum albumin (BSA) modification on PCL/D-M membranes, which were prepared via electrospinning technology using polycaprolactone (PCL) as base material and 4′,5′-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-pyranylidene malononitrile)-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF-MPYM) as photosensitizer, and characterized by SEM. The effects of DCF-MPYM and BSA mass fraction on the hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and antimicrobial properties of nanofiber membranes were investigated by contact angle measurement, electronic fabric strength tester and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) antimicrobial test. The optimized PCL/D-M/BSA membrane was finally compounded with activated carbon mask to obtain functional textile with good breathability and antibacterial performance. The results indicated that the PCL/15D-M membrane with a mass fraction of 0.034% DCF-MPYM displayed ideal fiber diameter, excellent mechanical properties and good hydrophilicity, showing an average fiber diameter of (120±56) nm, a maximum breaking strength of 252.35 cN, a maximum elongation at break of 46.74%, and a water contact angle of 123.13°. The PCL/D-M/BSA membrane prepared with a mass fraction of 0.166% BSA exhibited an average diameter of (96±26) nm, a maximum breaking strength of 382.39 cN, a maximum elongation at break of 84.18%, and a water contact angle of 62.07°. The bacterial inhibition rates of PCL/D-M/BSA membrane against E. coli and S. aureus reached 95.0%±2.0% and 99.0%±1.0%, respectively, while the prepared composite functional textile exhibited a gas permeability of 113.45 nm/s and an antibacterial rate of 95.0%±1.0%.

Polyquaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants Tz-6C_nQC (n=12, 14, 16) containing a rigid triazine spacer group were prepared via a two-step method using N,N-dimethylalkylamine with different alkyl chain lengths (C₁₂, C₁₄, C₁₆), melamine and epichlorohydrin as raw materials. The Tz-6C_nQC were characterized by FTIR and ¹HNMR for chemical structure, and analyzed through tests on surface tension, conductivity, Krafft point, and rheological properties for its surface activity, with its viscosity reduction, emulsification, and foaming performance evaluated. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Tz-6C₁₂QC was 0.17 mmol/L, significantly lower than that of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (14.0 mmol/L) with the same hydrophobic alkyl chain length, and CMC showed a regular decreasing trend with the increase of alkyl chains. The foaming performance of Tz-6C_nQC increased with the growth of alkyl chains, and the foaming volume was better than that of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, with the foaming volume reaching up to 150 mL. Tz-6C_nQC had good viscosity reduction effect on polyacrylamide (PHIII, relative molecular mass 8×10⁶~1×10⁷) solution, and the viscosity reduction efficiency was positively correlated with the length of alkyl chain, among which, Tz-6C₁₆QC exhibited the best performance under high temperature (45 ℃) and high concentration (1.00 mmol/L) conditions, and the viscosity of Tz-6C₁₆QC/PHIII water-soluble solution reduced to 2.42 Pa·s. The emulsification performance showed concentration dependence. At low concentration (≤1.00 mmol/L), the emulsification performance increased significantly with the increase of alkyl chain, and at high concentration (3.00~30.00 mmol/L), it decreased with the increase of alkyl chain, in which the separation time of Tz-6C₁₂QC solution at 30.00 mmol/L was 1527 min.

White quinoa protein isolates (WQPI), red quinoa protein isolates (RQPI) and black quinoa protein isolates (BQPI) were isolated and extracted from white, red and black quinoa, respectively, after degreasing with n-hexane, alkaline dissolution with NaOH and precipitation with hydrochloric acid. The effects of pH (2.0~10.0) and NaCl concentration (0~0.6 mol/L) on the physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of WQPI, RQPI and BQPI were evaluated through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Zeta potential and particle size determination, as well as surface hydrophobicity, protein solubility, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, emulsifying activity, foaming property and gelation property tests. The results showed that the main components of WQPI, RQPI and BQPI were all 11S globulin and 7S globulin cross-linked via acidic subunits and basic subunits through disulfide bonds, but with significant difference in their contents. The average particle size and surface charge of the three proteins were highly dependent on pH, and their surface hydrophobicity significantly decreased as pH increased. The pH far from the isoelectric point (about 5.0) could significantly improve the solubility, emulsification and foaming property of the protein, but reduce the stability of the foam. Under neutral conditions, WQPI and RQPI exhibited better gelation and interfacial properties than BQPI. The influence of NaCl on the solubility, emulsification and foaming properties of proteins was correlated to its concentration. The gelation properties of WQPI and RQPI were significantly better than those of BQPI. The gel structures formed by WQPI and RQPI with a mass concentration of 120 g/L were complete and had good standing properties, while only BQPI with a mass concentration of 180 g/L could form a gel with standing properties.

3D spherical visible light catalyst ZIF-8/BiOI composites was prepared from Bi(NO₃)₃•5H₂O, KI and self-made metal-organic framework material ZIF-8 by ethylene glycol solvothermal method, characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, BET and UV-Vis, and evaluated for its performance in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation to remove sodium 4-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenazo) benzenesulfonate (Orange Ⅱ) under light conditions. The effects of ZIF-8 addition amount (based on the mass of BiOI, the same below) and reaction conditions on the degradation rate of Orange Ⅱ were investigated, while the mechanism of Orange Ⅱ oxidative removal by activated PMS with ZIF-8/BiOI composites was speculated. The results showed that ZIF-8/BiOI composites exhibited good visible light response performance. Under the conditions of 500 mg/L ZIF-8/BiOI with 10% ZIF-8 as catalyst, 350 W xenon lamp simulated illumination, 0.5 mmol/L PMS, 100 mg/L Orange Ⅱ, adjust initial pH of solution 7.0, and 60 min, the degradation rate of Orange Ⅱ reached as high as 95.4%. The reaction process conformed to the first-order kinetic model. and showed a significant effect while , Cl⁻, and displayed almost no influence on the reaction system. The 10%ZIF-8/BiOI also showed good reusability, with the degradation rate of Orange Ⅱ at 60 min still could reach 83.2% after 4 recycles. Hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and holes were the main active substances in the degradation process, with sulfate radicals playing an auxiliary role. During the degradation process, the holes and electrons of BiOI and ZIF-8 were transferred to each other, enhancing the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. With the synergistic coupling effect of type Ⅰ band structure heterojunctions and PMS, ZIF-8/BiOI accelerated the generation of free radicals in the degradation system.