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Polyquaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants Tz-6CnQC (n=12, 14, 16) containing a rigid triazine spacer group were prepared via a two-step method using N,N-dimethylalkylamine with different alkyl chain lengths (C12, C14, C16), melamine and epichlorohydrin as raw materials. The Tz-6CnQC were characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR for chemical structure, and analyzed through tests on surface tension, conductivity, Krafft point, and rheological properties for its surface activity, with its viscosity reduction, emulsification, and foaming performance evaluated. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Tz-6C12QC was 0.17 mmol/L, significantly lower than that of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (14.0 mmol/L) with the same hydrophobic alkyl chain length, and CMC showed a regular decreasing trend with the increase of alkyl chains. The foaming performance of Tz-6CnQC increased with the growth of alkyl chains, and the foaming volume was better than that of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, with the foaming volume reaching up to 150 mL. Tz-6CnQC had good viscosity reduction effect on polyacrylamide (PHIII, relative molecular mass 8×106~1×107) solution, and the viscosity reduction efficiency was positively correlated with the length of alkyl chain, among which, Tz-6C16QC exhibited the best performance under high temperature (45 ℃) and high concentration (1.00 mmol/L) conditions, and the viscosity of Tz-6C16QC/PHIII water-soluble solution reduced to 2.42 Pa·s. The emulsification performance showed concentration dependence. At low concentration (≤1.00 mmol/L), the emulsification performance increased significantly with the increase of alkyl chain, and at high concentration (3.00~30.00 mmol/L), it decreased with the increase of alkyl chain, in which the separation time of Tz-6C12QC solution at 30.00 mmol/L was 1527 min.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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