In order to explore the application of photodynamic antimicrobial technology in the field of personal health protection, PCL/D-M/BSA membranes were synthesized from bovine serum albumin (BSA) modification on PCL/D-M membranes, which were prepared via electrospinning technology using polycaprolactone (PCL) as base material and 4′,5′-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-pyranylidene malononitrile)-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF-MPYM) as photosensitizer, and characterized by SEM. The effects of DCF-MPYM and BSA mass fraction on the hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and antimicrobial properties of nanofiber membranes were investigated by contact angle measurement, electronic fabric strength tester and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) antimicrobial test. The optimized PCL/D-M/BSA membrane was finally compounded with activated carbon mask to obtain functional textile with good breathability and antibacterial performance. The results indicated that the PCL/15D-M membrane with a mass fraction of 0.034% DCF-MPYM displayed ideal fiber diameter, excellent mechanical properties and good hydrophilicity, showing an average fiber diameter of (120±56) nm, a maximum breaking strength of 252.35 cN, a maximum elongation at break of 46.74%, and a water contact angle of 123.13°. The PCL/D-M/BSA membrane prepared with a mass fraction of 0.166% BSA exhibited an average diameter of (96±26) nm, a maximum breaking strength of 382.39 cN, a maximum elongation at break of 84.18%, and a water contact angle of 62.07°. The bacterial inhibition rates of PCL/D-M/BSA membrane against E. coli and S. aureus reached 95.0%±2.0% and 99.0%±1.0%, respectively, while the prepared composite functional textile exhibited a gas permeability of 113.45 nm/s and an antibacterial rate of 95.0%±1.0%.

Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides were extracted under ultra-high pressure, and characterized by FTIR, TGA and ion chromatography for structural composition, thermal stability and monosaccharide components. The influence of pH, solid-liquid ratio (mg∶mL), holding pressure and holding time on the yield of crude Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides were analyzed, with the extraction process optimized via single factor and response surface experiments. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was investigated through their inhibition against α-glucosidase andα-amylase activities. The results showed that under the optimized conditions of pH=8.0, solid-liquid ratio (mg∶mL) 1∶6, holding time 21 min, and holding pressure 360 MPa, the yield of crude Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was 29.31%±0.41%. The four main components of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides purified by cellulose column and glucan gel column were arabinose, glucose, xylose and mannose, with a mass ratio of 1.4∶82.9∶10.4∶5.4. Within the mass concentration range of 0.25~4.0 g/L, the polysaccharides exhibited an increased inhibition rate on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity increased along with the increment in mass concentration, showing an inhibition rate of 57.17% and 65.26%, respectively, at a mass concentration of 4.0 g/L.

A lotus seed protein peptide (LSP)/tea saponin (TS) coated diosmetin (Dios) nanoemulsion (Dios-NE) based on a natural emulsifier system formulated with LSP and TS was prepared by dispersing and encapsulating the lipophilic active ingredient Dios in rapeseed oil, and characterized by FTIR, SEM, nanoparticle size analyzer and polarizing microscopy. The effects of m(LSP)∶m(TS), volume ratio of dispersed phase to deionized water (oil-to-water ratio) and homogenization pressure on the particle size of Dios-NE were investigated through response surface experiment. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Dios-NE was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) cation radical scavenging assays, while the gradient sustained-release performance and bioaccessibility of Dios-NE were assessed through simulated digestion experiments. The results indicated that, under the optimal preparation conditions of mass ratio of m(LSP)∶m(TS)=3∶20, oil-to-water ratio 5∶95, homogenization pressure 172.375 MPa, Dios-NE showed a particle size of (138.8±0.2) nm, with Dios stably embedded within the emulsion core by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Dios-NE maintained stable particle size and Zeta potential across a wide range of conditions, including pH (2~11), NaCl concentration (0~50 mmol/L), and temperature (30~90 ℃). The controlled-release properties of Dios-NE and the synergistic antioxidant effects of LSP/TS significantly enhanced the scavenging abilities for DPPH radical and ABTS⁺ radical, reaching 99% at a mass concentration of 24 mg/L. Dios-NE could delay the degradation of Dios in gastric fluid (retention rate 87%) and achieve targeted release in intestinal fluid through micellization, with a bioaccessibility of 57%.

The shell nacre protein was extracted from the nacre layer in the Pinctada martensti shell by a combined technology of acidification-high pressure, with the extraction process optimized through single-factor and response surface experiments using the protein extraction rate as index. The protease hydrolysis products of the shell nacre protein were then prepared, and evaluated for its amino acid composition, anti-inflammatory activity as well as skin repair activity. The results showed that under the optimal extraction conditions of hydrochloric acid concentration 0.18 mol/L, alkali material-liquid ratio (g∶mL) 1∶4.9, mass fraction of NaOH solution 1.00%, extraction temperature 65 ℃, extraction time 3 h, acid precipitation pH 3.5 and resting time 32 h, the extraction rate of shell nacre protein was 17.31%±0.84%. The enzymatic hydrolysate of the shell nacre protein produced via bromelain hydrolysis for 3 h showed no cytotoxicity and was beneficial to the macrophage proliferation. The inhibitory rate of the hydrolysate with a concentration of 800 μg/mL on NO release reached up to 51.85%±1.39%. Meanwhile, the hydrolysate exhibited activities of inhibition against the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, and up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 release, thus demonstrating good anti-inflammatory performance. The enzymatic hydrolysate of the shell nacre contained 17 kinds of amino acids. Among them, the total relative content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids for the human body was 32.626%, the total relative content of 7 kinds of hydrophobic amino acids was 34.513%, while that of 3 kinds of positively charged amino acids was 16.173%. The shell nacre active peptides could significantly improve cell proliferation and cell migration of fibroblasts L929, and improve cell viability induced by H₂O₂, inhibit ROS production, and exhibit good skin repair activity.

In order to improve the physicochemical properties of puerarin and enhance its water solubility, membrane permeability and bioavailability, puerarin nanoparticles were prepared by subcritical water-anti-solvent method, and characterized by SEM, DSC, and FTIR. The effect of different factors for preparation of puerarin nanoparticles on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of puerarin nanoparticles were evaluated via nanoparticle size and Zeta potential analyzer. The in vitro and in vivo properties of puerarin nanoparticles were analyzed through in vitro release and transdermal experiments. The results showed that under the optimal process conditions of liquid-material ratio (mL∶g) 220∶1, subcritical water temperature 125 ℃, extraction time 20 min, volume ratio of subcritical water to anti-solvent (ultrapure water containing stabilizer) 1∶1, and lactose with a mass fraction of 0.08% as stabilizer, the prepared puerarin nanoparticles exhibited an average particle size of 89.94 nm, a yield of 94.01%. The puerarin nanoparticles gel had a cumulative release rate of 90.0% within 12 h and up to 96.7% within 48 h with the release process conforming to the first-order release model, and a cumulative permeability of 1323.64 μg/cm² at 12 h. Its pharmacokinetic parameters were improved compared with those of puerarin, with the half-life prolonged and the peak mass fraction decreased.

White quinoa protein isolates (WQPI), red quinoa protein isolates (RQPI) and black quinoa protein isolates (BQPI) were isolated and extracted from white, red and black quinoa, respectively, after degreasing with n-hexane, alkaline dissolution with NaOH and precipitation with hydrochloric acid. The effects of pH (2.0~10.0) and NaCl concentration (0~0.6 mol/L) on the physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of WQPI, RQPI and BQPI were evaluated through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Zeta potential and particle size determination, as well as surface hydrophobicity, protein solubility, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, emulsifying activity, foaming property and gelation property tests. The results showed that the main components of WQPI, RQPI and BQPI were all 11S globulin and 7S globulin cross-linked via acidic subunits and basic subunits through disulfide bonds, but with significant difference in their contents. The average particle size and surface charge of the three proteins were highly dependent on pH, and their surface hydrophobicity significantly decreased as pH increased. The pH far from the isoelectric point (about 5.0) could significantly improve the solubility, emulsification and foaming property of the protein, but reduce the stability of the foam. Under neutral conditions, WQPI and RQPI exhibited better gelation and interfacial properties than BQPI. The influence of NaCl on the solubility, emulsification and foaming properties of proteins was correlated to its concentration. The gelation properties of WQPI and RQPI were significantly better than those of BQPI. The gel structures formed by WQPI and RQPI with a mass concentration of 120 g/L were complete and had good standing properties, while only BQPI with a mass concentration of 180 g/L could form a gel with standing properties.

To enhance the transdermal delivery performance of recombinant human collagen Ⅲ (RHC), glycerosomes were constructed from soybean lecithin (for short lecithin), glycerol and Tween 80, and subsequently used for encapsulation of RHC to form RHC-loaded glycerosomes (RHC glycerosomes). A Folch-based high-performance liquid chromatography method (Folch-HPLC method) combining the Folch extraction protocol with size exclusion chromatography was established to measure the RHC encapsulation efficiency. The effects of glycerol and Tween 80 mass concentrations on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of RHC glycerosomes were investigated by multi-angle particle size and high sensitivity Zeta potential analyzer, while the influence of glycerol and Tween 80 mass concentration on the micro-viscosity and stabilization mechanism of RHC glycerosomes was explored via fluorescence probe analysis. The transdermal delivery capability of RHC glycerosomes was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), with its irritancy assessed by chorioallantoic membrane assay in chicken embryos. The results demonstrated that the Folch-HPLC method effectively removed interference from lecithin while retained the RHC, achieving an RHC recovery rate of 100.44%±0.84%. Under the conditions of lecithin mass concentration 150 g/L, RHC mass concentration 2 g/L, glycerol mass concentration 250 g/L, and Tween 80 mass concentration 25 g/L, the prepared RHC glycerosomes appeared as a yellow, clear, and transparent solution, showed the best stability, displayed a particle size of (92.34±1.22) nm, a PDI of 0.233±0.01 and an encapsulation efficiency of 12.78%±0.13%. Compared with RHC solution (phosphate buffer solution as solvent), RHC glycerosomes exhibited significantly enhanced skin penetration, effectively promoted the transdermal delivery of RHC, and showed no irritation in chorioallantoic membrane.

To enhance the charge separation and transport efficiency of perylene diimide (PDI)-based organic polymer photocatalysts, three PDI-dominated polymeric photocatalysts (PDI-1, 5NDA, PDI-1, 4NDA and PDI-PDA) were synthesized via a facile polymerization method using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 1,4-diaminonaphthalene and p-phenylenediamine as linkers, respectively. The three PDI materials were characterized by FTIR, ¹³CNMR, XRD, XPS, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectrometer, evaluated for their photonic quantum efficiency, charge transfer resistance, and separation/transport efficiency of photogenerated carriers through photoelectrochemical experiments, and analyzed for their photocatalytic performance for H₂O₂ production in isopropanol aqueous solution under visible light. The results revealed that PDI-1, 5NDA and PDI-1, 4NDA crystallized in monoclinic systems but exhibited distinct unit cell parameters, while PDI-PDA adopted a triclinic crystal structure. All three materials demonstrated two-dimensional layered architectures and full-spectrum absorption within the visible light region, with PDI-1, 5NDA and PDI-1, 4NDA showing prominent absorption between 600~800 nm. PDI-PDA, PDI-1, 4NDA, and PDI-1, 5NDA were all typical n-type semiconductors, exhibiting photocurrent intensities of 3.0×10⁻⁷, 6.0×10⁻⁷ and 1.2×10⁻⁶ A, respectively, and corresponding photoelectrochemical impedances of 1.21×10⁶, 6.22×10⁵ and 4.23×10⁵ Ω, respectively, with PDI-1, 5NDA displaying the highest photogenerated charge carrier transport and separation efficiency. Under visible light irradiation, PDI-1, 5NDA achieved an exceptional H₂O₂ production rate of 113.485 μmol/(g·h), which was 1.3-fold and 2.2-fold those of PDI-1, 4NDA and PDI-PDA, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergistic advantages of PDI-1, 5NDA's asymmetric structural features and extended π-conjugated system, which promoted the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers, thereby boosting H₂O₂ generation efficiency.

Inspired by nitroreductase and the electron transfer process of its metabolite nitroaromatic or nitroheterocyclic compounds, dye 2,7-dichlorofluorescein, which was ring-opened through solvent-assisted ligand incorporation to form carboxylic acid ligand groups, was loaded into the channels of iron-porphyrin metal-organic framework PCN-222(Fe) for synthesis of DCF@PCN-222(Fe). The DCF@PCN-222(Fe) was characterized by ¹HNMR, XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-Vis, fluorescence spectrometer and XPS, and evaluated for its electrochemical properties via cyclic voltammetry (CV). With DCF@PCN-222(Fe) photo-catalyzing nitrobenzene reduction to aniline as a model reaction, the reaction conditions were optimized, the nitroaromatic hydrocarbon substrate was expanded and the cycling stability of the catalyst was evaluated. The results showed that DCF@PCN-222(Fe) still maintained the PCN-222(Fe) parent framework with a molar ratio of DCF to iron porphyrin ligand 1.6∶1, with its formula speculated as C₈₀H_46.4Cl_4.2FeN₄O_22.4Zr₃ and a relative molecular mass of 1878.47. DCF@PCN-222(Fe) exhibited UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission peaks at the same positions as DCF (532 and 556 nm, respectively), indicating electron transfer within the framework which can simulate the electron transfer process of nitroreductase. Under light irradiation, excited DCF transferred electrons to the iron-porphyrin center, from which the generated low-valent iron center transferred electrons to other electron acceptors, enabling the efficient reduction of nitrobenzene substrates. Under the optimal reaction conditions of room temperature, with 532 nm LED as light source, 2.5 μmol DCF@PCN-222(Fe) as photocatalyst, 1 mL methanol as solvent, catalytic reduction of 0.1 mmol nitrobenzene for 2 h, the aniline yield was 82% and reduced to 77% when the catalyst was used continuously for three times. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the reduction of nitrobenzene substrates with different para substituents catalyzed by DCF@PCN-222(Fe) showed yields from 64% to 91%.

Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped activated carbon-supported iron catalyst (Fe/AC-NP) was synthesized from dicyandiamide, NaH₂PO₄ and FeCl₃•6H₂O via two-step impregnation-evaporation method, and subsequently employed for the catalytic degradation of piperazine in aqueous solution. The microstructure, chemical composition and textural properties of Fe/AC-NP were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and BET. The effects of raw materials ratio and heteroatom doping type on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen contents of the catalytic piperazine oxidation degradation by Fe/AC-NP were investigated, while the possible reaction mechanism was analyzed through radical quenching experiments, water contact angle measurements and XPS analyses. The results showed that the Fe/AC-NP prepared with n(C₂H₄N₄)∶n(NaH₂PO₄)=2∶1 displayed the best properties, with a high specific surface area of 699.647 m²/g, a crystal lattice spacing of 0.0169 nm, and a uniform distribution of iron species without the formation of large agglomerates. The Fe species were successfully loaded and coordinated with N and P atoms, predominantly existing in the forms of Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ). The optimal reaction conditions of Fe/AC-NP for piperazine degradation were temperature 230 ℃, pressure 1.2 MPa, catalyst dosage (mass concentration, the same below) 1.25 g/L, under which, COD was completely removed within 70 min, and the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency reached > 88.7% after 150 min. Even after five successive recycles, the COD and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies remained high at 96.3% and 84.2%, respectively. The synergistic contribution of graphitic and pyrrolic nitrogen functionalities enhanced oxygen adsorption. The catalytic degradation process was primarily driven by hydroxyl radical chain reactions and facilitated by electron transfer between the carbon support and metal sites. Furthermore, phosphorus doping modulated the surface acidity/basicity and stabilized Fe—N bonds, enabling the N-P co-doped carbon matrix to maintain catalytic activity via electronic regulation throughout the reaction cycles.