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Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocrystals-based piezoelectric hydrogel
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Mingzhu YANG1, 2, Yan ZONG1, 2, 3, *, Mingli SHANG1, 2, Qunna XU1, 2, 3, Kai YAN1, 2, 3
Fine Chemicals | 2026, 43(5) : 1047 - 1056
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Fine Chemicals | 2026, 43(5): 1047-1056
Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocrystals-based piezoelectric hydrogel
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Mingzhu YANG1, 2, Yan ZONG1, 2, 3, *, Mingli SHANG1, 2, Qunna XU1, 2, 3, Kai YAN1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
  • 2.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
  • 3.Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
Published: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20250213
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To fabricate an ion piezoelectric self-powered flexible strain sensor with good mechanical properties, and stable output through a simple preparation process, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/p(acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDMC)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) (PVA/PDMC/CNC) ionic hydrogel was synthesized from PVA, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and CNC via segmented polymerization, cyclic freeze-thawing, as well as ion soaking, and characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The influence of CNC content (based on PVA mass, the same below) on the mechanical properties and output voltage of the hydrogels was evaluated, while series of output tests were conducted on the fabricated ion-piezoelectric flexible sensor to explore its ion-piezoelectric mechanism. The results showed that when the content of CNC being 2% and m(PVA)∶m(DMC)=1∶2, the prepared PVA/PDMC/CNC ionic hydrogel (2%-PVA/PDMC/CNC) exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 1.46 MPa, and an elongation at break of 475%. The piezoionic flexible sensor fabricated from 2%-PVA/PDMC/CNC could achieve an output voltage of 40 mV under pressure of 20 N and frequency of 0.5 Hz, and maintained stable output performance during 800 times of cyclic tests. Meanwhile, it could accurately detect and identify human motions such as gestures and joint bending, and precisely detect the motion frequency and intensity through analysis on the waveforms and peak height of the output voltage.

piezoionic effect  /  composite hydrogels  /  cellulose nanocrystals  /  self-powered sensing  /  functional materials
Mingzhu YANG, Yan ZONG, Mingli SHANG, Qunna XU, Kai YAN. Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocrystals-based piezoelectric hydrogel[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2026 , 43 (5) : 1047 -1056 . DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20250213
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Year 2026 volume 43 Issue 5
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doi: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20250213
  • Receive Date：2025-03-28
  • Online Date：2026-08-20
  • Published：2026-05-15
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  • Received：2025-03-28
  • Accepted：2025-04-18
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Affiliations
    1.College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
    2.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
    3.Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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